Lesson 6.1 Overview of the Nervous System Chapter 6: The Nervous System.

Lesson 6.1

Overview of the Nervous System

Chapter 6: The Nervous System

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• 2 major divisions– central nervous system (CNS)– peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• sensory receptors• afferent (sensory) nerves• efferent (motor) nerves

Organization of the Nervous System

Two Major Divisions

• somatic nervous system– voluntary

• autonomic nervous system– involuntary– sympathetic– parasympathetic

The Efferent Nerves

• neuroglia– AKA glial cells– support and protect neurons

• neurons – transmit nerve impulses

Nervous Tissues

• CNS– astrocytes– microglia– ependymal– oligodendrocytes

Neuroglia

• peripheral nervous system– Schwann cells– satellite cells

Neuroglia

• dendrites– send information to cell body (Deliver)

• cell bodies• Axons

– send information AWAY from cell body

Neurons

• sensory neurons– send impulses toward CNS

• motor neurons– send impulses away from CNS

• interneurons– bridges between neurons

Neuron Types by Function

• bipolar– 1 axon and

1 dendrite

Neuron Structures

• multipolar– 1 axon,

many dendrites

• unipolar– 1 axon

Match terms with 1–4 below:

Sympathetic nervous system

Myelin

Synapse

1. high alert

2. transmits impulses away from cell body

3. fatty insulating material

4. gap between neurons

Review and Assessment

Lesson 6.2

Transmission of Nerve Impulses

• action potentials– change in cell membrane charge

• impulse transmission– charge change travels along axon

• reflexes– involuntary response to stimulus

Transmission of Nerve Impulses

• polarized• depolarized• refractory period• repolarized

Action Potentials

• transmission at synapses– gap junctions– neurotransmitter

• excitatory effect• inhibitory effect

Impulse Transmission

• somatic– stimulate skeletal muscles

• autonomic – stimulate involuntary muscles

Reflexes

Lesson 6.3

Functional Anatomy of the Central

Nervous System

• cerebral cortex– gyrus– sulcus– fissure

• lobes– frontal– parietal– occipital– temporal

• primary motor cortex• primary somatic sensory cortex

Cerebrum

• thalamus• hypothalamus

Diencephalon

• midbrain• pons• medulla oblongata

Brain Stem

• cerebellum• blood-brain barrier

The Brain

• meninges– dura mater– arachnoid mater– pia mater

Spinal Cord

Lesson 6.4

Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System

• sympathetic nerves– fight-or-flight action

• parasympathetic nerves– resting or digesting action

Autonomic Nervous System

Lesson 6.5

Injuries and Disorders of the Nervous System

• violent impact to head– mild– moderate– severe

Traumatic Brain Injury

• damage to brain– before birth– during birth– during infancy

• motor function impairment

Cerebral Palsy

• C1–C3: usually fatal• C1–C4: quadriplegia• C5–C7: paralysis of lower extremities• T1–L5: paraplegia

Spinal Cord Injuries

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• meningitis• multiple sclerosis• epilepsy• Parkinson’s disease• dementia and Alzheimer’s disease• ALS• Huntington’s • stroke

Diseases and Disorders of the CNS

Lesson 6.1 Overview of the Nervous System Chapter 6: The Nervous System.

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