Post on 18-Dec-2014
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Lesson 2 - The Attkinson -Shiffrin’s Multi Store Model
Friday, 13 April 2012
From Last Lesson.......
The processes of converting information into a form that can be stored is known as______________, whereas_______ is the process of recovering information that has been stored.
Friday, 13 April 2012
From Last Lesson.......
The processes of converting information into a form that can be stored is known as______________, whereas_______ is the process of recovering information that has been stored.
The Answer:The processes of converting information into a form that can be stored is known as Encoding, whereas retrieval is the process of recovering information that has been stored.
Friday, 13 April 2012
Friday, 13 April 2012
What you need to know and be able to do by the end of the lesson• Explain and evaluate the Atkinson-Shiffrin’s multi-store model of
memory, including the capacity and duration of each store• Explain the purpose of maintenance, elaborative rehearsal and
chuncking• Explain the ‘serial position effect’ in terms of evidence for the
Atkinson-Shiffrin’s multi-store model
Friday, 13 April 2012
Friday, 13 April 2012
Friday, 13 April 2012
MULTI-STORE MODEL
Friday, 13 April 2012
Sensory Memory
Refers to the initial, momentary recording of information in our sense organs.
The sensory memory stores an unlimited amount of information for up to a few seconds.
In general we are not aware of what is in our sensory memory.
Friday, 13 April 2012
Sensory Registers
The sensory registers act as a sub system briefly storing specific sensory information
Iconic Echoic
Friday, 13 April 2012
Iconic
The Iconic memory is the memory that deals with visual sensory information.
It is thought that the iconic memory holds exact copies, for 0.3 sec. Its storage capacity it thought to be relatively unlimited.
Friday, 13 April 2012
Echoic
Our Echoic memory is the name applied the sensory memory system that processes auditory information.
It is thought that the echoic memory holds exact copies, for 3-4 seconds. Its storage capacity it thought to be relatively unlimited.
Friday, 13 April 2012
Sperling (1960)
You have 5min to read the pages 241-242 on share with your partner the findings of Sperling’s study
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Main Point
Participants could accurately recall the letters in each row, no matter what the tone specified. This means all the letters were momentarily available in sensory memory.
Friday, 13 April 2012
Sensory to Short-Term Memory
The information in sensory memory vanishes unless it captures our attention and enters short-term memory.
Attention is the to the STM
Friday, 13 April 2012
Short-Term Memory (STM)
STM is the stage between sensory and long-term memory. The short term memory is also called working memory. This is because we ‘work with’ or manipulate the information. It is not an exact replica.
Friday, 13 April 2012
STM TEST
Friday, 13 April 2012
Properties of STM
Findings from such tests show that STM has the capacity of 7 +/- 2
The STM retains items for approximately 20 sec
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Improving the capacity of STM
Chunking - this involves grouping bits of information into meaningful units (chunks)
This increases the amount of information (i.e capacity) that can be held in STM at one time e.g. combining the digits 3,7,8 into single number 378
Friday, 13 April 2012
Chunking
Friday, 13 April 2012
Improving the duration of STM
Rehearsal: process of actively manipulating information to aid storage and retrievalTwo main types:Maintenance rehearsal - repetition of a sound or image over and over in a rote, mechanical way without adding meaning to itElaborative rehearsal - reorganising new and existing information in a meaningful way to aid storage and retrieval. E.g. Concept maps :)
Friday, 13 April 2012
Long- Term Memory
Capacity: Potentially unlimited
Duration: Anything
up to a lifeti
me
Friday, 13 April 2012
Evidence for the Multi-store Model
The serial
position effe
ct
Patients with Brain Damage
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Criticisms of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model
Does not explain interaction between memory stores
Friday, 13 April 2012