Post on 12-Sep-2015
description
Outlining & Organizing
Technical Texts
CUFE, Gen 600, 2014-2015
Topic Outline
Phrases, incomplete meaning A reminder of a thought Written hastily Require rephrasing
sentences.
Sentence Outline
Complete sentences, complete meanings.
Reminders of thoughts Need to be Written Do not require rephrasing.
Sample from Daily Drilling Reports CONT' CIRC HOLE CLEAN POOH TO/8510' ,HAD TIGHT SPOTS
@8817',8809',8679',8642', 8540 , WORKED ON SAME W/PUMPING OUT @700 GPM AND MIXING 2000 BBL'S O.B.M)
RIH BACK TO BOTTOM @ 8900' W/ WASH DOWN @ 700 GPM
SWEEP HOLE W/ 50 BBLS HI-VIS PILL & CIRC. WHILE PREPAIR AND MIXING OIL BASE MUD
PJSM , PUMPED 40 BBLS DIESEL SPACER AHEAD , DISPLACE HOLE W/ 11.0 PPG OBM @ 300 GPM
CIRC. COND. MUD POOH FOR CORING
TO/7265'(PRECAUTIONARY PUMP OUT & BACK REAM TIGHT SPOTS F/8680' TO/8200',PUMP OUT F/8200' TO/7450')
Sample from Daily Drilling Reports (special jargon) Continue circulating hole clean POOH to/8510', had tight spots at 8817', 8809',
8679', 8642', and 8540, worked on string while pumping out @700 gpm and mixing 2000 bbl's O.B.M
RIH back to bottom @ 8900' while washing down (mud rate 700 gpm)
Sweep hole w/ 50 bbl. hi-vis pill & circ. while preparing and mixing oil base mud
Held PJSM , pumped 40 bbl diesel spacer ahead , displaced hole w/ 11.0 ppg OBM @ 300 gpm
Circulating and . Conditioning Mud POOH to/7265 for coring (precautionary pump
out & back ream tight spots f/8680' to/8200', pump out f/8200' to/7450')
Topic Outline
Topic Sentence
Technical
Writers
Being a
Successful
Technical
Writers
Requirement
s for Being a
Successful
Technical
Writer
A good technical writer needs strong language and teaching skills and must understand the conventions of modern technical communication. ------------------------------------
A good technical writer should have strong language skills
One of English-teaching objectives
Show effects of language and arrangement
The ability to visualize the features of a text, and
how those features are arranged is vital to
understanding when reading.
Visualizing features
improves understanding Controls texts at a much deeper level
Control comes
Through visualizing a text type Understanding construction and meaning
This understanding is fundamental to reading and
comprehension.
1. Paraphrasing
2. Summarizing
3. Quoting
4. Defining
5. Comparing and Contrasting
6. Generalizing
7. Classifying
8. Agreeing and Disagreeing
Source: Leonardo da Vinci program, European Commission
Writing in English: A Practical Handbook for Scientific and Technical Writers
Language Functions
The Processes of Writing
1. Define SMCR+(OFST). P
2. Collect Ideas. I
3. Outline. P
4. Organize. P
5. Field check. C
6. Write /Type text. I
7. Revise. C, Im
8. Field check. C, Im
9. Edit /Proofread. C, Im
10. Print, Bind, Distribute. I
11. Collect feedback. 12. Improve. C, Im
The writing Process Sentences & Paragraphs
1. Define SMCROFES.
2. Collect data.
3. Outline ideas.
4. Organize outline.
5. Write. 6. Revise text.
7. Field-check.
8. Edit.
9. Dispatch.
10. Get feedback.
11. Evaluate. Improve.
Introduction Body Conclusion Way-to-begin
1. Develop the sub-topic
into effective
sentences. Way-to-
develop 2. Conclude paragraphs. 3. Write transition
between paragraphs. 4. Write the last
paragraph.
Outlining is representing ideas in short, general terms.
helps remember major ideas. helps organize thoughts and
writing plans.
saves writer's time. imposes control on writing.
Types of Outlines
History (one word) History of smog in Greater Cairo (phrase) Collect information related to History of
smog in greater Cairo. (sentence) Nuisance of smog Nuisance caused by smog Nuisance caused by smog in Greater Cairo
during fall seasons
Smog has caused many problems to handicapped people. Gather information
about types of nuisance, who suffers,
extent of sufferings, etc.
Types of Outlines
Sentence outline (SO) In SO, ideas are complete sentences. SO formulates clear ideas. SO remains clear if left for a long time. SO may become cumbersome. Topic outline (TO) Using phrases to express ideas Advantages: shortness Disadvantages: lack of clarity Mixed outlining (MO) For major topics, use sentence outline. TO for minor topics.
I. Purpose: Write an essay on outlining Outlining is a tool in the process of writing Specific Organizing ideas Presenting material in a logical form Showing relationships among ideas Sequencing overview of writing. ======================
II. The Process of Writing
Determine purpose.
Determine audience.
Develop thesis.
Sample of an outline
Outlines should show balanced structures Coordinated lists: equal significance.
Correct coordination
A. Word processing programs B. Database programs C. Spreadsheet programs
Faulty coordination
A. Word processing programs B. Advantages of Microsoft PowerPoint C. History of animation audiovisual presentations
2. Division/Subordination: Different levels
Faulty
A. Word processing programs
B. Word, Excel
Correct
A. Word processing programs
Microsoft Word Software WordPerfect Software
Faulty division
A. Computers
B. Mainframe
C. Floppy disk
For Numbering Alphanumerical
I A. 1.
a. b.
Decimal
1.0 1.1 1.2.1 1.2.2.1
Outline the following paragraph 1. The two processes, speaking and writing, are not identical.
2. Writing is not simply speech written down on paper. 3. Learning to write is not just a natural extension of learning to
speak a language. 4. We learned to speak our first language at home without systematic instruction; whereas, most of us
had to be taught in school how to write that same language.
5. Many adult native speakers of a language find writing
difficult. 6. A speaker speaks to a listener who is right there,
nodding or frowning, or interrupting or questioning. 7. For the writer, the reader's response is either delayed or
nonexistent. 8. When one looks at these differences and there are few more we can see that the students will not just pick-up writing as
they learn other skills in classes. 9. We have to teach them writing.
Reverse Outline. Outline Write
Sentence Outline
Speaking and writing, are not identical.
1. Writing is not written speech on paper.
2. Learning to write is not learning to speak.
3. We learned to speak at home and to write in
schools.
4. Writing is difficult.
5. The speakers and listeners are present.
6. The reader's response is absent.
7. The writer has one chance to hold the readers'
attention.
8. Students will not pick-up writing alone.
9. We have to teach them writing.
Topic Outline
Differences between speaking and writing
Writing not speech on paper Different from learning Speaking at home Writing in school Difficulties of writing Presence of listeners feedback Absence of readers feedback Chance to hold readers' attention Need for learning how to write We have to teach students how to write
(sentence outline, this is a main idea).
Organizing
Follows three orders Natural Logical Psychological 1. Natural Orders Time and space (spatial order) Introduction, Body, & Conclusion Alphabetical Order Size, chronological Could be imposed by the subject
2. Logical Orders
Climactic Order: interest
General-to-Specific Order
Specific-to-General
Cause-to-Effect Analysis
Condition-Result
(Argument) Other ways: familiarity, complexity, usefulness, utility, cost, impact,
3. Psychological Orders To satisfy the reader using emotional reactions: Acceptability Dominant impression Fear Anxiety Hesitation . Prevails in advertisements
Organizing Information in Reports Ascending Emphasis importance increases as reading advances. Reverse Climax important ideas are placed at the beginning.
Mixed order summary + introduction + the
body (details) + conclusions. Summary is descriptive If
integrated with the text . If summary is independent, it is
informative.
details
conclusion
summary
Reverse Emphasis
details
conclusions
summary
Emphatic Style
summary
Conclusions
& R
Body
(details)
Three Ways for
Organizing Texts
Mixed Style
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Sample of an Organized Outline I. Major Steps in the Writing Process
A.Outlining/Organizing B. Writing C. Evaluating D. Revising
II. Use of Word Processors A. Programs & Relationship to Writing
1. Handling Thought 2. Word Processors
a. Use in writing b. Use in revising B. Pros & Cons of Word Processors
1. Positive features a. Less time spent b. Greater flexibility, .
2. Negative features .