Lecture01 Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation Compatibility Mode

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Transcript of Lecture01 Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation Compatibility Mode

SME 3242 Instrumentation

By:

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

By:

Dr. Robiah Ahmad (robiah@fkm.utm.my)

C23-422, Ext. 34707

FKM, UTM

Lecture 1

Introduction to measurement and

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Introduction to measurement and instrumentation

What is measurement?What is measurement?

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Determination of the magnitude of a quantity by comparing with a standard for that quantity

Measurement Standards and Measurement Standards and UnitsUnits

Measuring system are composed of different elements and condition therefore it needs norms and standards

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

3 unit systems widely used-International System (SI), CGS System, English System

Basic units - length, time, mass, temperatureDerived units –area, volume, acceleration, force

International System of Units (SI)International System of Units (SI)

The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to be mutually independent, as given in Table 1.

SI base unit

Base quantity Name Symbol

length meter m

mass kilogram kg

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

mass kilogram kg

time second s

electric current ampere A

thermodynamic temperature kelvin K

amount of substance mole mol

luminous intensity candela cd

Derived Units- defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations. Examples are:

SI base unit

Name Derived units Symbol

area square meter m2

volume cubic meter m3

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

volume cubic meter m3

velocitymeter per second

m/s

accelerationMeter per second squared

m/s-2

force m·kg·s-2 N

pressure m-1·kg·s-2 Pa

work m2·kg·s-2 Joule

What is instrumentation?What is instrumentation?

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

What is instrumentation?What is instrumentation?

Automotive SensorsAutomotive SensorsOxygen Sensor

Airflow Sensor

Accelerometer

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Sensor

Water Temperature

Oil PressureCO Sensor

BiomedicalBiomedical

Ultrasound Transducer

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Pressure measurement

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

The need for measurement and instrumentation

In industrial application, it is important for:

1) monitoring and control of a process

2) improving the quality of the product and

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

2) improving the quality of the product and efficiency of production

3) Safety purposes

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Laser Sensor

Lecture01 SME3242 InstrumentationLaser sensor

Photoelectric sensor

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Robiah Ahmad, FKM, UTM Lecture1&2

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

Typical Instrumentation SystemTypical Instrumentation System

� Transducer - converts the measured value into another useful value (a sensor)

Transducer Signal conditioner

A/D Converter

Display

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

another useful value (a sensor)� Signal conditioner- “conditions” the signal from the

sensor� A/D Converter - changes the signal into a digital

format� Computer - processes, displays, and records the

signal

Sensor

� Thermocouple

Thermocoupleinput output

temperature e.m.f

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

� Resistance thermometerinput

Resistance thermometer

output

temperature Resistance change

Signal conditioner

� Amplifierinput Amplifier

Small e.m.f

Larger voltage

output

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

� Wheatstone bridge

Voltage change

inputWheatstone bridge

Amplifier

Resistance change

Larger voltage change

Display

� Scaleinput

current change

scaleoutput

movement of pointer

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

� Computerinput

analog signal

DAS VDUdigital signal

output

readings

Temperature ControlTemperature Control

Desired Temperature

Control System

Furnace and

Material

Temperature Sensor

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

The Control System sets the current supplied to the heating elements in the furnace to keep the material temperature at the desired (setpoint) value.

h

Lecture01 SME3242 InstrumentationWater level system

AssignmentAssignment

Identify the elements for the pressure measurement system i.e. : transducer, signal conditioner, display

POINTER

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation

SCALE

End of Lecture 01End of Lecture 01

Lecture01 SME3242 Instrumentation