04/10/23 Lecture 8: BIOMEDICINE 1

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Online bioscience course for grades 6-12

Fall 2009

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Class mechanics…

• Attend the online Office Hour on Tuesdays at 3 PM via tokbox-Discuss previous week’s video lecture• Online video lecture e-mailed every Wednesday-view lecture and prepare to discuss the following Tuesday• Comment on video lecture using website discussion board• Online Final Exam given 12/16/2009

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Lecture 8: Biomedicine

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Biomedical research:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=190lGflP1Fs

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Take Homes:

I. Microbes and diseaseII. Genes and diseaseIII. Medical imagingIV. Pharmaceuticals/BiotechnologyV. Electronic Medical Records

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Germ theory of disease:

The germ theory of disease, also called the pathogenic theory of medicine, is a theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. Although highly controversial when first proposed, it is now a cornerstone of modern medicine and clinical microbiology, leading to such important innovations as antibiotics and hygienic practices

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory

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How bacteria cause disease:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Sx51LC_wcc

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Antibiotics:

In common usage, an antibiotic (from the Ancient Greek: ἀντί – anti, "against", and βίος – bios, "life") is a substance or compound that kills, or inhibits the growth of, bacteria. Antibiotics belong to the broader group of antimicrobial compounds, used to treat infections caused by microorganisms, including fungi and protozoa.

Note that antibiotics do not affect viruses…

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic

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Flu attack! How a virus invades your body:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

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Vaccination:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ykHoIKAtQI

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MedlinePlus:

MedlinePlus is a free Web site that provides consumer health information for patients, families, and health care providers. MedlinePlus brings together quality information from the United States National Library of Medicine, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), other U.S. government agencies, and health-related organizations. The U.S. National Library of Medicine produces and maintains MedlinePlus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MedlinePlus

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Take Home I

Bacteria and viruses are the causative agents of disease and can be treated by a variety of means, including antibiotics and vaccines…

Microbes and disease

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Genes and disease:

The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them to the relevant genes in the human genome and provides references for further research and tools for genomic analysis of a catalogued gene.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man

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What are SNPs?:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5raJePXu0OQ

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23andMe:

https://www.23andme.com

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What is Cancer:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEpTTolebqo

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Oncogenes I:

An oncogene is a gene that, when mutated or expressed at high levels, helps turn a normal cell into a tumor cell.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene

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Oncogenes II:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZdErhuLCtc

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How a Proto Oncogene Becomes an Oncogene:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wIVwZksIt4

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Tumor Suppressors:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLK3jy-kGvs

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Metastasis:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrMq8uA_6iA

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Take Home II

Some diseases, such as cancer, have as their root causes mutations and variations in genes…

Genes and disease

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Medical imaging :Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body (or parts and function thereof) for clinical purposes (medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose or examine disease) or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and physiology).

As a discipline and in its widest sense, it is part of biological imaging and incorporates radiology (in the wider sense), nuclear medicine, investigative radiological sciences, endoscopy, (medical) thermography, medical photography and microscopy (e.g. for human pathological investigations).

Measurement and recording techniques which are not primarily designed to produce images, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), Electrocardiography (EKG) and others, but which produce data susceptible to be represented as maps (i.e. containing positional information), can be seen as forms of medical imaging.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_imaging

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Medical Imaging presentation:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF455zziTZI

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More Than Science Fiction:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjWHx2qOyOY

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Take Home III

Medical imaging technologies allow the visualization of medical states of the body and have become a key part of biomedicine…

Medical imaging

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Pharmaceuticals/Biotechnology:

A pharmaceutical drug, also referred to as medicine, medication or medicament, can be loosely defined as any chemical substance intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease…

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use…

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology

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The Biotechnology Age:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=He91k5wFYcM

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Take Home IV

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology based drugs and treatments are the cornerstone of modern biomedicine…

Pharmaceuticals/Biotechnology

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Electronic medical records:

An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization that delivers care, such as a hospital and doctor's surgery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_medical_record

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IBM Smarter Planet: Electronic Health Records for Evolving Healthcare:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeaksbGMp8Y

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Medical records-back to the future:

1961 electronic medical records

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-aiKlIc6uk

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Take Home V

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are an emerging application of information technology in the field of biomedicine…

Electronic Medical Records

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Next Week:

The ecosystem

An overview of the Earth’s biological systems…

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instructorMark E Minie PhD

mark@meminie.com