ByC H A N D A N B E R A & S A S M I T A S A H A

B. Pharm. 7th Sem.University Roll No: 20101911014 , 20101911037.

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Sailee ChowdhuryAssistant Professor

BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY

Brain training is a simple but powerful way toenhance a student’s core ability to learnfaster, easier andbetter.

All Children Can Learn

LEARNING

4 Factors Form The Definition of

learning:learning is..• Inferred from a change in performance*

• An inferred change in memory.

• Result of experience.

• It is relatively permanent.

[This means that behavior changes that are temporary or due to things like drugs, alcohol, etc., are not "learned". ]

LearningDisability

Refers to a group of disorders that affect a broad range of academic and functional

skills (not due to hearing or vision disorder), including :

Read, Write, Spell, andMathematical abilities.

Learning Disability ?

AREA OF LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE OFTEN

Difficulties with academic achievement fall under a broad

category of learning

Problem in area of reading, math, expression, motor skills, writing,

communication.

Attention deficit, anxiety, and behavioural disorders.Emotional

liability

AUDITORY / ORAL PROBLEMS

WRITING PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS IN MATH

COGNITIVE & LANGUAGE PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS WITH FINE MOTOR SKILLS

MEMORY PROBLEMS

ORGANIZATION & ATTENTION PROBLEMS

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

WRITTEN LANGUAGECHALLENGES

(ALL SYMPTOMS DO NOT OCCUR WITH EVERYONE)

READING

MechanicsComprehension

SpeedMechanics

Speed

SPELLING/WRITING

Expressingideas

S I G N S A N D C L U E S

(ALL SYMPTOMS DO NOT OCCUR WITH EVERYONE)

ACCOMPANYING CHALLENGES(BEHAVIORAL)

Parents with similarchallenges

Brain / BehaviorDisorders

Attention /Executive Function

Anxiety

DepressionOppositionalBehavior

S I G N S A N D C L U E S

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7 Main types Of LEARNING DISABILITIES are Exists

1. Dyslexia( reading based) 2. Dysgraphia(writing based)3. Dyscalculia(math based)4. Central auditory process disorder

5. Non verbal learning disorders.6. Visual disorder.7. Aphasia.

Reading based learning disability.

Difficulty with word recognition and decoding

print.

Can’t recall known words

Writing based learning disability.

Awkward pencil grip.

Can talk about an idea, but can’t write it down on paper.

Math based learning disability.Mistake numbers that looks similar

shapes.

1. Genetic / hereditary predisposition.

2. Premature Delivery.3. Mother’s intake of

alcohol, cocaine during pregnancy.

4. Abnormal development of brain in the womb.

5. Low birth weight.6. Mothers

malnutrition.

Pre-Natal Causes

A woman who is unable or unwilling to receive sufficient medical care before her infant’s birth puts the child at considerable risk for the factors previously noted as well as:

1. Premature birth2. Low birth weight3. Stillbirth4. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

05/12/2010 19

Alcohol & cocaine use during pregnancy cause direct effect on a student’s academic ability.. Including :1. Dyslexia2. Loss of intellectual functioning 3. Developmental delay 4. Severe loss of intellectual potential5. Behavioural problems 6. inability to understand abstract concepts7. Sensory integration problems 8. Developmental speech and language disorder

TEACHING STRATEGIES Should Be :

•Provide high structure and clear expectations.•Allow flexibility in classroom procedures

•Easily accessible learning material. •Correct the student's work as soon as possible

•Try to separate him from students who may be distracting.•Respond to the child’s comments praising whenever possible

• Give constant feedback.

Parents and teachers need to work together

Clinicians and teachers/educators need to work together

Parents and teachers need more education about LD and the short and long termeffects of LD in a children’s life

Parents and teachers need more information about what they can do to help achild with LD

Being unconscious is the ultimate “DISABLITY”.So by being conscious, this can turn to

“POSSIBILITY”.

Thomson Wadsworth(2008); Childhood Voyages in Development; Third

Edition, p. 387 ; Retrieved 2012-12-19

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2011). “Children

with learning disabilities”. Retrieved June 26, 2012.

Amanda Kirby speaking on the co-occurrence of learning difficulties".

Retrieved 2009-04-22

Handler SM. (March 2011). "Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision."

Pediatrics127 (3): e818–56. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3670.}

Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association (2000).

“Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (4th ed., text

revision

Dyscalculia expert Jane Emerson explains number sense and its relevance to

dyscalculia". dystalk.com. Retrieved 2009-04-23

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2011). what is

dyslexia? Retrieved June 26, 2012.

Swanson, H.Lee, Harris, Karen L. & Graham, Steve, (2003). “Handbook of

Learning Disabilities”. The Guilford Press.

International Dyslexia Association. (2008). Dyslexia basics. Retrieved June

21, 2012.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Language-based learning

disabilities. Retrieved June 15, 2012.

National Centre for Learning Disabilities.(2010). What is dysgraphia?

Retrieved June 21, 2012.

Learning Disabilities Association of America. (n.d.). Dyscalculia. Retrieved

June 15, 2012.

Gina Kemp, M.A., Melinda Smith, M.A., and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. Last

updated: December 2013.

Unlocking Potential: Key Components of Programming for Students with

Learning Disabilities. (2002). The Crown in Right of Alberta, Edmonton,

Alta.

Levine, Mel. (1994) Educational Care: “A System for Understanding and

Helping Children with Learning Problems at Home and in School”.

Educators Publishing service

Rose, D., Meyer, A. & Hitchcock, C. MA: (2005). The universally designed

classroom – Accessible curriculum and digital technologies. Harvard

Education Press. Cambridge.

Rourke, Byron P. (1989). “Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: The Syndrome

and The Model”. Guilford Press: New York.

Thompson, Sue. (1997). “The Source for Nonverbal Learning Disorders,

Lingui-Systems”.

Berry, R. W.A. (2006). Teacher talk during whole-class lessons. Engagement

strategies to support verbal participation by students with learning

disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp.

211-233.

Burden, P. & Byrd, D.M. (1994). Methods for effective teaching. Allyn and

Bacon. Boston, MA .

Farnham- Diggory, Sylvia.(1992). “The Learning Disabled Child”. Harvard

University Press, This book presents a comprehensive overview of learning

disabilities

Some Web sources:

LD Online - The Interactive Guide to Learning Disabilities.

http://www.ldonline.org

National Centre for Learning Disabilities: The power to hope, to

learn, and to succeed. http://www.ld.org

Smart Kids with Learning Disabilities - An information site for

parents of children with learning disabilities.

www.SmartKidswithLD.org

Ministry of Education Special Education Web Site.

www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/elemsec/speced/speced.htm

Special Needs Opportunity Window. www.snow.utoronto.ca

http://www.ncld.org/ld-basics/ld-aamp language/writing/dysgraphia http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dyslexia/dyslexia.htm

http://www.interdys.org/ewebeditpro5/upload/BasicsFactSheet.pdf