Learning Disability – A Gap Between Someone’s Ability & Performance
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Transcript of Learning Disability – A Gap Between Someone’s Ability & Performance
ByC H A N D A N B E R A & S A S M I T A S A H A
B. Pharm. 7th Sem.University Roll No: 20101911014 , 20101911037.
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Sailee ChowdhuryAssistant Professor
BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY
Brain training is a simple but powerful way toenhance a student’s core ability to learnfaster, easier andbetter.
All Children Can Learn
LEARNING
4 Factors Form The Definition of
learning:learning is..• Inferred from a change in performance*
• An inferred change in memory.
• Result of experience.
• It is relatively permanent.
[This means that behavior changes that are temporary or due to things like drugs, alcohol, etc., are not "learned". ]
LearningDisability
Refers to a group of disorders that affect a broad range of academic and functional
skills (not due to hearing or vision disorder), including :
Read, Write, Spell, andMathematical abilities.
Learning Disability ?
AREA OF LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE OFTEN
Difficulties with academic achievement fall under a broad
category of learning
Problem in area of reading, math, expression, motor skills, writing,
communication.
Attention deficit, anxiety, and behavioural disorders.Emotional
liability
AUDITORY / ORAL PROBLEMS
WRITING PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS IN MATH
COGNITIVE & LANGUAGE PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS WITH FINE MOTOR SKILLS
MEMORY PROBLEMS
ORGANIZATION & ATTENTION PROBLEMS
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
WRITTEN LANGUAGECHALLENGES
(ALL SYMPTOMS DO NOT OCCUR WITH EVERYONE)
READING
MechanicsComprehension
SpeedMechanics
Speed
SPELLING/WRITING
Expressingideas
S I G N S A N D C L U E S
(ALL SYMPTOMS DO NOT OCCUR WITH EVERYONE)
ACCOMPANYING CHALLENGES(BEHAVIORAL)
Parents with similarchallenges
Brain / BehaviorDisorders
Attention /Executive Function
Anxiety
DepressionOppositionalBehavior
S I G N S A N D C L U E S
05/12/2010 12
7 Main types Of LEARNING DISABILITIES are Exists
1. Dyslexia( reading based) 2. Dysgraphia(writing based)3. Dyscalculia(math based)4. Central auditory process disorder
5. Non verbal learning disorders.6. Visual disorder.7. Aphasia.
Reading based learning disability.
Difficulty with word recognition and decoding
print.
Can’t recall known words
Writing based learning disability.
Awkward pencil grip.
Can talk about an idea, but can’t write it down on paper.
Math based learning disability.Mistake numbers that looks similar
shapes.
1. Genetic / hereditary predisposition.
2. Premature Delivery.3. Mother’s intake of
alcohol, cocaine during pregnancy.
4. Abnormal development of brain in the womb.
5. Low birth weight.6. Mothers
malnutrition.
Pre-Natal Causes
A woman who is unable or unwilling to receive sufficient medical care before her infant’s birth puts the child at considerable risk for the factors previously noted as well as:
1. Premature birth2. Low birth weight3. Stillbirth4. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
05/12/2010 19
Alcohol & cocaine use during pregnancy cause direct effect on a student’s academic ability.. Including :1. Dyslexia2. Loss of intellectual functioning 3. Developmental delay 4. Severe loss of intellectual potential5. Behavioural problems 6. inability to understand abstract concepts7. Sensory integration problems 8. Developmental speech and language disorder
TEACHING STRATEGIES Should Be :
•Provide high structure and clear expectations.•Allow flexibility in classroom procedures
•Easily accessible learning material. •Correct the student's work as soon as possible
•Try to separate him from students who may be distracting.•Respond to the child’s comments praising whenever possible
• Give constant feedback.
Parents and teachers need to work together
Clinicians and teachers/educators need to work together
Parents and teachers need more education about LD and the short and long termeffects of LD in a children’s life
Parents and teachers need more information about what they can do to help achild with LD
Being unconscious is the ultimate “DISABLITY”.So by being conscious, this can turn to
“POSSIBILITY”.
Thomson Wadsworth(2008); Childhood Voyages in Development; Third
Edition, p. 387 ; Retrieved 2012-12-19
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2011). “Children
with learning disabilities”. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
Amanda Kirby speaking on the co-occurrence of learning difficulties".
Retrieved 2009-04-22
Handler SM. (March 2011). "Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision."
Pediatrics127 (3): e818–56. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3670.}
Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association (2000).
“Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (4th ed., text
revision
Dyscalculia expert Jane Emerson explains number sense and its relevance to
dyscalculia". dystalk.com. Retrieved 2009-04-23
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2011). what is
dyslexia? Retrieved June 26, 2012.
Swanson, H.Lee, Harris, Karen L. & Graham, Steve, (2003). “Handbook of
Learning Disabilities”. The Guilford Press.
International Dyslexia Association. (2008). Dyslexia basics. Retrieved June
21, 2012.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Language-based learning
disabilities. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
National Centre for Learning Disabilities.(2010). What is dysgraphia?
Retrieved June 21, 2012.
Learning Disabilities Association of America. (n.d.). Dyscalculia. Retrieved
June 15, 2012.
Gina Kemp, M.A., Melinda Smith, M.A., and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. Last
updated: December 2013.
Unlocking Potential: Key Components of Programming for Students with
Learning Disabilities. (2002). The Crown in Right of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alta.
Levine, Mel. (1994) Educational Care: “A System for Understanding and
Helping Children with Learning Problems at Home and in School”.
Educators Publishing service
Rose, D., Meyer, A. & Hitchcock, C. MA: (2005). The universally designed
classroom – Accessible curriculum and digital technologies. Harvard
Education Press. Cambridge.
Rourke, Byron P. (1989). “Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: The Syndrome
and The Model”. Guilford Press: New York.
Thompson, Sue. (1997). “The Source for Nonverbal Learning Disorders,
Lingui-Systems”.
Berry, R. W.A. (2006). Teacher talk during whole-class lessons. Engagement
strategies to support verbal participation by students with learning
disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp.
211-233.
Burden, P. & Byrd, D.M. (1994). Methods for effective teaching. Allyn and
Bacon. Boston, MA .
Farnham- Diggory, Sylvia.(1992). “The Learning Disabled Child”. Harvard
University Press, This book presents a comprehensive overview of learning
disabilities
Some Web sources:
LD Online - The Interactive Guide to Learning Disabilities.
http://www.ldonline.org
National Centre for Learning Disabilities: The power to hope, to
learn, and to succeed. http://www.ld.org
Smart Kids with Learning Disabilities - An information site for
parents of children with learning disabilities.
www.SmartKidswithLD.org
Ministry of Education Special Education Web Site.
www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/elemsec/speced/speced.htm
Special Needs Opportunity Window. www.snow.utoronto.ca
http://www.ncld.org/ld-basics/ld-aamp language/writing/dysgraphia http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dyslexia/dyslexia.htm
http://www.interdys.org/ewebeditpro5/upload/BasicsFactSheet.pdf