Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
La romanizaciónLa romanización
Influencia del latín en la lengua inglesa.Influencia del latín en la lengua inglesa.Préstamos y calcosPréstamos y calcos
History of English
What was there before? The Romans The Germanic Invasions
Outer history
English (historical divisions)
The English Language
Old English Middle English Modern English Present Day English
Teutonic languageGermanic branch of IE
Later additions(borrowings)
CelticLatin
ScandinavianFrenchGreeketc.
water
father
brothermilk
bread
can
flesh
fisheight
• cognates: all of them• Grimm’s Law: new set of voiceless fricatives
PATER – FRATER – OCTO – PISCIS
• Verner’s Law
OE fisc
OE fader
OE eahta
OE broder
Variation & changeVariation & change(example)(example)
OE niman
Co-existence
ON tacan
Died out
potential
implementationchange
Syst
emic
deve
lopm
ent
The Roman Conquest
• 55 BC Julius Caesar invasion of Britain
• Use of Latin: not so widespread restricted to upper
classes
• Evidence: Chester, Manchester, Chichester, London
(Londinium)
The Germanic Conquest
• 449: Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Frisians (Denmark, Low
Countries)
• Four kingdoms dialectal areas
•Northumbria
•Mercian
• West Saxon: King Alfred
• Kentish
• All varieties involved in the making of English as we know
IT today
The periods of EnglishThe periods of English Old English (450-1150) or (≈450-1066)Old English (450-1150) or (≈450-1066) Middle English (1150-1500) or (1066-1476)Middle English (1150-1500) or (1066-1476) Modern English (1500-C19TH)Modern English (1500-C19TH)
Shakespeare wrote in Shakespeare wrote in Early Modern EnglishEarly Modern English Present Day EnglishPresent Day English
OE/King Alfred se namaME/Chaucer e naam (variants i nam, i naim, e name ModE/Shakespeare the name (yet pronunciation has not changed entirely as we know it today.
Latin influencesLatin influences
Stage 0 : The Romans & the CeltsStage 0 : The Romans & the Celts
Stage 1: ChristianisationStage 1: Christianisation
Stage 2: The GermanicStage 2: The Germanic
Stage 3: The French & the ChurchStage 3: The French & the Church
ChronologyChronology
PalatalisationPalatalisation castra castra Chester Chester
i-umlauti-umlaut cuquina cuquina kitchen kitchen
• Diphthongisation (Front)• caesus > caesi > ceasi > ciese
Christianisation (Latin)Christianisation (Latin)ApostleApostle nunnun cabbagecabbagePopePope offeroffer lentillentilArchbishopArchbishop organorgan pearpearBishopBishop synodsynod raddishraddishPriestPriest relicrelic lobsterlobsterAbbotAbbot templetemple musselmusselShrineShrine tunictunic myrrhmyrrhMassMass apostleapostle pinepineAlmsAlms popepope savorysavoryAltarAltar spendspend schoolschoolAngelAngel exchangeexchange grammargrammarCandleCandle dictatedictate titletitleCanonCanon turnturn laurellaurelClericCleric verseverse cucumbercucumberDeaconDeacon metermeter plasterplasterDiscipleDisciple accentaccent medicinemedicineHymnHymn historyhistory scorpionscorpionLitanyLitany paperpaper paralysisparalysisMartyrMartyr termterm coriandercoriander
Germanic tribes (Latin)Germanic tribes (Latin)
Battle: camp, weall, mil, straetBattle: camp, weall, mil, straet Trade: pund, mynet Trade: pund, mynet (coin)(coin), ceap , ceap (cheap)(cheap)
Domestic: mese, cuppe, discDomestic: mese, cuppe, disc Food: cisten Food: cisten (chestnut)(chestnut), pise , pise (pea)(pea)
Arts: cealc Arts: cealc (chalk)(chalk), tigele , tigele (tile)(tile)
Miscellaneous: cirice, biscop, casereMiscellaneous: cirice, biscop, casere
The Norman ConquestThe Norman ConquestFrench influenceFrench influence
King
Nobility & Clergy
Lesser nobility & Tenants
The people
FRENCH
FRENCH & LATIN
FRENCH/ ENGLISH
ENGLISH
Latin influence in the Middle and beyondLatin influence in the Middle and beyond
Through FrenchThrough French Through Literature & ChurchThrough Literature & Church
Synonyms at three levels
Terms related to medicine, fashion, meals, theology, literature, learning, etc
Other Romance languages
La conquista normandaLa conquista normanda
Influencia del francés en la lengua inglesa.Influencia del francés en la lengua inglesa.Préstamos y calcosPréstamos y calcos
Influence on ME syntaxInfluence on ME syntax
A thynge inmortal, poem unlimited A thynge inmortal, poem unlimited (Hamlet)(Hamlet)
The which (el cual)The which (el cual) come singing (inf. + gerund)come singing (inf. + gerund) Massive use of prepositionsMassive use of prepositions
Prepositional phrases: by cause, in factPrepositional phrases: by cause, in fact Do: How does my lord?Do: How does my lord? DoDo as causative as causative Take + lexical item: take advantage, take leaveTake + lexical item: take advantage, take leave Mes corps Mes corps me, you, etc. Later, somebody, anybody, me, you, etc. Later, somebody, anybody,
etc.etc.
Stages of French influenceStages of French influence
First stage: before & during C13THFirst stage: before & during C13TH• Decay of the English LanguageDecay of the English Language
Second stage: after & during C13THSecond stage: after & during C13TH• Rise & Triumph of the English LanguageRise & Triumph of the English Language