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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 1
WJEC Level 1-2 Engineering
KS4 Student Questions Booklet
Classwork and Home learning
Name:- ………………….…………………………………………………………….
Form:- …………………………
Date:- …………………………
This booklet is to be kept neat and tidy at all times.
Answer all questions set; you will need to answer Home Learning Tasks on additional sheets of paper.
You will find answers on www.pcsaengineers.uk, and www.technologystudent.com.
Your final examination is handwritten, so ensure that your hand writing is legible and neat.
Fully completing this booklet will help you to develop the knowledge and skills that you need for success in your examination, Unit 3 (9793): Solving Engineering Problems.
THERE ARE BLANK PAGES AT THE BACK OF THE BOOKLET FOR YOU TO
MAKE NOTES AND PRODUCE ANNOTATED SKETCHES ON
An Isometric Grid has been included on the back page of this Booklet.
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 2
There are 14 sections to this booklet
Section 1:- Health and safety…………………………………………………………….page 3 Your practical training log.
Section 2:- Graphic Techniques………………………………………………………….page 4
Convert between isometric and 3rd angle Orthographic projections.
Section 3:-Materials Knowledge: Material Properties……………………..…page 5 Tensile strength, Hardness, Toughness, Malleability, Ductility, Conductivity, Corrosive
resistance, Environmental degradation, Elasticity.
Section 4:-Materials Knowledge: Material Testing……………..….………….page 6
Destructive and non-destructive methods.
Section 5:-Materials Knowledge: Wood…………………………………..………..page 8 Hardwoods, softwoods, artificial boards
Section 6:- Materials Knowledge: Metal………………………………….……….page 10 Ferrous, Non-ferrous, alloys.
Section 7:- Materials Knowledge: Plastics…………………………….…………..page 12
Thermoset, thermoplastic.
Section 8:- Materials Knowledge: Smart Materials..............................page 17
Thermochromic ink, Polymorth, Nitinol, D30, Quantum tunnelling composite
Section 9:- Materials Knowledge: Composite Materials…………………..page 19 Carbon fibre, GRP, MDF, Plywood, Reinforced Concrete.
Section 10:- Engineering Processes…………………………………………………..page 20 Marking out, Cutting, Finishing, Preparing, Shaping, Drilling, Turning, Brazing, Joining
(Permanent and Temporary fixings) , Filing, Soldering
Section 11:- Electronics in Engineering;…………………..……………………….page 21
Circuits and Circuit Symbols
Section 12:- Effects of Engineering Achievements……………….…..……….page 24
Modern Engineering in Society
Section 13:- Engineering and the Environment…………………………………page 26 Recycling, Sustainability
Section 14:- Mathematics in Engineering………………………………..………..page 30
Use of formulae (Ohms law & Efficiency), Areas and volumes of geometric shapes, Calculation,
Measuring, Estimation, Mean, Units of measurement, Metric (Metres, millimetres) Imperial
(yards, inches)
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 3
Section 1:- Health and Safety.
Training Log; Record your hand tools, portable and fixed equipment training
Engineering Processes
Marking out Cutting Finishing Preparing Shaping Drilling Turning Brazing
Joining Permanent & Temporary fixings Filing Soldering
Engineering Applications
For material removal For shaping and manipulation For joining and assembly For
heat and chemical treatment
Hand tools
Name of Tool Process/Application Date of Training Signature
Portable Equipment
Name of Equipment
Process/Application Date of Training Signature
Fixed Equipment
Name of Equipment
Process/Application Date of Training Signature
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 4
Section 2:- Graphic Techniques.
Convert each isometric drawing into a third Angle Orthographic Projection
Add shading to the Isometric to resemble polished steel.
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 5
Section 3:-Materials Knowledge: Material Properties.
Complete the following table for material properties Material property Definition of Material property
Tensile strength
Hardness
Toughness
Malleability
Ductility
Conductivity
Corrosive resistance
Environmental degradation
Elasticity
Strength to Weight Ratio
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 6
Section 4:-Materials Knowledge: Material Testing. Destructive and non-destructive methods.
Engineers need to be able to test materials so that they can understand their properties.
Go to http://www.technologystudent.com/joints/joindex.htm, and look for “PROPERTIES
OF MATERIALS - WORKSHOP TESTING”, to help you with your research. Here you will find
useful worksheets that will help you with material testing.
These are activities that can be carried out in the workshop, and you could add
photographs to evidence your practical testing of materials.
The image below shows techniques that can be used to find out about Material Properties
Carry out these tests in the workshop and add annotated images to evidence
each of your experiments.
What other material testing methods could you perform?
Go to Page 31, can you take any inspiration from the Equations of Properties?
Heat metal
with gas flame Tough Brittle Impact
resistance
What load will permanently
deform the material ?
What load can be taken and still return to original shape?
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 7
Material Testing. Add your annotated images to this page
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 8
Section 5:-Materials Knowledge: Wood.
Hardwoods, softwoods, artificial boards
I. Multiple Choice Questions
1. What type of tree does hardwood come
from?
a. Coniferous
b. Deciduous or broad-leafed trees
c. Carnivorous
d. Decidueye or broad-leafed trees
2. How do you identify a hardwood tree?
a. Doesn’t lose its leaves
b. A wide trunk
c. Loses its leaves during winter
d. Cones and needles
3. What type of tree does softwood come from?
a. Coniferous
b. Deciduous or broad-leafed trees
c. Carnivorous
d. Decidueye or broad-leafed trees
4. How do you identify a softwood tree?
a. Leaves all year round
b. A wide trunk
c. Grows leaves rather than needles
d. Loses its leaves in winter
5. Softwood is commonly used in:
a. Expensive indoor furniture
b. Outdoor garden furniture
c. DIY and cheap furniture
d. Boat building
6. Hardwood is commonly used in:
a. Doors and staircases
b. DIY and cheap furniture
c. Expensive furniture
d. Construction – roof, stud walls etc.
7. Which of these woods is not a hardwood?
a. Beech
b. Oak
c. Teak
d. Scots pine
8. Which of these woods is not softwood?
a. Balsa
b. Yellow Cedar
c. Scots pine
d. Spruce
9. Which of these statements about manufactured boards are false?
a. Inexpensive and often used instead of woods
b. Manufactured boards are often made from waste materials
c. Manufactured boards are often covered with thin layers of real wood, these are called
veneers
d. More expensive than real wood
10. What type of manufactured board is often used in kitchens or cheap bedroom furniture covered with a
veneer or plastic coating?
a. MDF
b. Hardboard
c. Plywood
d. Chipboard
Why is this material used, and what is the name of the plastic used as a
coating? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 9
11. What type of manufactured board is used for strong panelling in building construction?
a. Plywood
b. MDF
c. Hardboard
d. Blackboard
12. Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) is:
a. Thin layers of veneers glued at 90 degree angles
b. Sawdust mixed with glue
c. Thin strips of wood glued between veneers or plastic coating
d. Wood chips glued together
Home learning Tasks: Answer on separate sheet of paper
1. Explain the difference between hardwoods and softwoods
2. Why are hardwoods more expensive than softwoods?
3. Name a type of softwood and identify a use
4. Name a hardwood and identify a use
5. Name a type of manufactured board and describe its properties
6. Identify some advantages and disadvantages in the use of manufactured boards instead of real wood
7. What can be used to improve the appearance and durability of manufactured boards?
8. What is meant by stock form? Can you give two examples?
9. What types of fixings can be used to join timbers and manufactured boards?
10. Can you identify some wood joints? Sketch two examples
Marking & Assessment
Why is this material used, and what variations are there?
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 10
Section 6:- Materials Knowledge: Metal.
Ferrous, Non-ferrous & alloys.
I. Multiple Choice Questions
1. What do all ferrous metals contain? a. Ferrite
b. Manganese c. Steel d. Iron
2. Ferrous metals are also all what? a. Plastics b. Magnetic c. Brittle d. Hard
3. Ferrous metals oxidise in the form of
what? a. Pitting b. Rust c. Tarnish d. Hammerite
4. Name a suitable product for cast iron. a. A matchbox toy car b. Hacksaw blade c. A gate d. Heavy machine base
5. Name a suitable product for mild steel.
a. Machine bases b. Screws and nails c. Lathe tools d. Springs and garden
shears
6. What is stainless steel alloyed with? a. Copper b. Chrome and Nickel c. Nickel d. Chrome
7. What is the definition of an alloy?
a. Two non-ferrous metals combined b. A metal and another metal(s) combined to improve its working properties c. A ferrous and non-ferrous metal combined d. A metal and another metal(s) or element(s) combined to improve its working
properties
8. The following are all non-ferrous metals a. Copper, zinc, aluminium, brass b. Copper, brass, aluminium, nickel c. Copper, zinc, aluminium, nickel d. Galvanised steel, zinc, aluminium, nickel
9. What are the properties of copper?
a. Very ductile; good conductor of heat and electricity; malleable; corrodes easily (oxidises blue); solders well
b. Very hard; good conductor of heat and electricity; malleable; corrosion resistant (oxidises blue); solders well
c. Very ductile; good conductor of heat and electricity; malleable; corrosion resistant (oxidises blue); solders well
d. Very Stiff; good conductor of heat and electricity; malleable; corrosion resistant (oxidises blue); solders well
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 11
10. What are the uses of aluminium? a. Small non-structural castings (match-box cars) batteries b. Electric cable; water pipes; printed circuits; spun hot water tanks c. Foils; pans; window frames (extruded); car wheels; cans d. Coins; magnets; electric guitar strings- almost always alloyed
11. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. What are its uses? a. Various cutting tools; blades; spanners wrenches etc. b. Cutlery; surgical instruments c. Tools- bronze age; bearings (porous bronze called oilite); castings for statues;
coins d. Ornaments; door handles; screws; plumbing fittings; clock parts; boat fittings
(naval brass with tin); locks; bearings; zips; components that must not spark – near flammable or explosive materials
12. Traditionally what are aircraft bodies made of?
a. Titanium b. Duralamin c. Aluminium d. Galvanised steel
Home learning Tasks: Answer on separate sheets of paper
1. Explain the differences between ferrous and non-ferrous metals 2. Describe what an alloy is. Give one example of an alloy 3. What is brass an alloy of? 4. Give one common use of brass and explain why it is a suitable material for this use. 5. Describe the properties of stainless steel 6. Explain why copper is used for wiring and water pipes 7. Compare the properties and uses of mild steel and high carbon steels 8. What effect does the heat treatment 'hardening' have on the properties of steel? 9. What effect does the heat treatment 'annealing' have on the properties of steel? 10. Describe three tools that might be used when marking out lines and points for drilling on metal,
and explain how each is used safely. 11. Explain the process for galvanising a metal 12. Why does a surface finish need to be applied to mild steel? 13. What methods can you think of that would be appropriate for surface finishing mild steel?
Making progress: Use this space to write about the progress you have made in your Engineering Course so far.
Why is this material used?
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 12
Section 7:- Materials Knowledge: Plastics.
I. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Plastics are a non-renewable resource created from:
a. Oil and gas b. Oil c. Coal d. Gas
2. Plastics are created by
a. Polymerisation b. Cross links c. Monomerisation d. GRP
3. Name two plastics families a. Thermosets and Chain Cross Linked
Polymers b. Thermoplastics and non-
thermoplastics c. Thermoplastics thermosets and
Polymers d. Thermoplastics and Thermosets
4. If thermoplastics are heated they will
a. Stay rigid b. Soften and melt c. Get stress marks d. Burn straight away
5. The reason thermoplastics soften and melt when heated is
a. Because the electrostatic bonds called Van Der Waals Forces weaken and then disappear b. It never has any cross links c. The polymer chains react with each other to create movement d. It is a smart material
6. Thermosets have permanent cross links and are bonded by covalent bonding
a. True b. False c. Only when heated d. Only when they are cold
7. Thermosets are normally two parts mixed -one being a catalyst- and 'go off' as a chemical reaction
a. Endothermic b. False c. Exothermic d. True
8. Urea formaldehyde is used for plug sockets because
a. It can be produced in many colours b. It is stiff tough and resistant to heat c. It will not burn d. It is cheap
9. What thermoset plastic laminate is put on top of chipboard on kitchen work surfaces
a. Epoxy resin laminate b. Urea formaldehyde c. Toughline thermoset polymer d. Melamine Formaldehyde
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 13
10. UPVC is used for double glazing window frames because
a. It is weather and chemical resistant, stiff, hard and tough
b. Easy to fit for the workman c. Comes in lots of colours d. More durable than wood or metal
11. Expanded polystyrene is used for disposable coffee cups because
a. It is made from vegetable oil b. It is lightweight and a good insulator
of heat c. It is white and that makes people think
it is hygienic d. It is easily recyclable
12. PET is used for water bottles because
a. Milk bottles are made from the same thermoplastic so it is cheaper
b. It is environmentally friendly c. It is food safe, clear and extrusion
blow moulds well d. It is white
13. Safety helmets are made from ABS because a. It is a thermoset and therefore is good
with heat b. It is yellow c. It is a smart material and changes
colour when hot for safety d. It is tough, hard -scratch resistant- and
has a good finish
14. What is plastic memory? a. A shape memory alloy b. The ability of a plastic sheet to return
to its original shape when reheated c. An injection moulding process d. The definition of a thermoset plastic
15. Acrylic is used for shop signs because a. It is cheap b. It has a high surface finish, comes in
lots of colours and is durable outdoors c. It is not brittle d. It is scratch resistant
16. In GRP the glass fibre matting is added to the polyester resin to
a. Make it malleable b. Add stiffness and toughness and take away brittleness c. Make it as good as carbon fibre d. Make it stronger
17. Nylon is greasy and self-lubricating and is
therefore used for a. Bushes and bearings b. Washing-up bowls c. Clothes d. Nuts and bolts
18. Plasticisers, foamants, fillers and stabilisers are all examples of what
a. Additives for polymers b. Thermoplastics c. Types of polymer d. Thermosets
19. Thermoplastics have to be recycled with the exact same thermoplastic. True or false? a. No you cannot recycle thermoplastics you can recycle thermosets b. Yes because they have very different properties and chemical structure c. No you can put them all together no problem they are very similar d. Yes because the supermarkets make each different plastic a different colour to differentiate
them 20. Plastic bottles are becoming a real problem. How do we deal with this?
a. Limit ourselves to one water bottle a week b. Have one bottle we always refill and stop buying bottled water c. Use glass bottles instead d. Don' t bother it is fine
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 14
Extension Tasks: Answer on separate sheets of paper if necessary.
1. State if melamine formaldehyde is a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer
[1 mark]
a. Describe the physical properties of melamine formaldehyde
[2 marks]
b. Name two products made from this polymer
[2 marks]
2. Describe the main stages of producing GRP moulding
such as a bath or boat hull.
[6 marks]
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 15
3. This plug socket is made from which material?
a) Melamine Formaldehyde b) Epoxy Resin c) Urea Formaldehyde
[1 mark]
4. Describe the physical properties, of the thermoset plastic above, which make it suitable for electrical
fittings and domestic appliance components
[2 marks]
5. Epoxy resin is a thermoset polymer and is used for what?
[1 mark]
15 Marks
6. This plastic water bottle is made from PET. State if this is a thermoplastic or thermoset.
[1 mark]
a. State two physical properties that make it suitable for a drinks bottle
b. Describe how this bottle will be recycled [2 marks]
7. This double-glazed window frame is made from UPVC
a. It is made by: Extrusion or Injection moulding?
[1 mark]
b. State two physical properties that make it suitable for a window frame
[2 marks]
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 16
8. This packaging is made from expanded polystyrene
a. State two physical properties that make it suitable for this purpose [2 marks]
b. Is this a thermoset or thermoplastic? [1 mark]
c. Can this polymer be recycled? [1 mark]
9. The cable flex covering shown in the picture is made from low density polythene.
a. Name two properties of LDPE that make it suitable for this job
[2 marks]
b. Why is it important that pigment is added to the wires during the manufacturing process and not after as per a wood or metal?
[2 marks]
10. The hard hat safety helmet is made from ABS a. Name two properties that make ABS suitable for this product
[2 marks]
b. What process is used to make it? [1 mark]
11. The cog wheel is made from nylon a. Is this a thermoset or thermoplastic? [1 mark]
b. Name two properties that make it suitable for this product
[2 marks]
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 17
Section 8:- Materials Knowledge: Smart Materials.
Thermochromic ink, Polymorth, Nitinol, D30, Quantum tunnelling composite
1. What is the main difference between modern
and smart materials
a. There is no difference
b. Modern materials have a reactive
capacity
c. Smart materials are all made form
plastic modern materials are not
d. Smart materials have a reactive
capacity
2. What smart material is also known as Nitinol?
a. Shape memory alloys
b. Straight moulding alloys
c. Shape moulding alloys
d. Strong metallic alloys
e. Super memory alloys
3. Can you identify the correct smart material?
a. Thermomix polymer
b. Thermoregulated polymer
c. Thermodynamic ink
d. Thermosetting polymer
e. Thermochromic ink
f. Thermoform ink
4. What are Nanomaterials? Select the sentence
you think best describes them
a. A material that has been
miniaturised
b. A material that has been altered at
an atomic level
c. A material that has no weight
5. Which sentence states the correct process of using polymorph
a. Place granules in a microwave, heat up until soft, remove and mould into shape
b. Place granules into an oven, heat up until soft, remove and mould into shape
c. Place granules into a hot bowl of water, remove when soft and mould into shape
6. What is the melting range of polymorph?
a. 57-59 degrees Celsius
b. 60-62 degrees Celsius
c. 63-64 degrees Celsius
d. 65-66 degrees Celsius
7. Which sentence best describes what happens to nitinol when an electrical current passes through it?
a. Nothing the electrical current has
no effect
b. The nitinol waves around until the
current is turned off
c. The nitinol reverts to its original
cold forged shape
d. The nitinol starts to glow
8. From the items below can you select which one would be best suited to include the smart material
from your answer in question 3?
a. A mug used for coffee
b. A mug used for milk
9. Select the smart material from the list below
a. Phtotographic glass
b. Reactive glass
c. Toughened glass
d. Glass fibre
e. Frosted glass
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 18
10. What can you find out about Quantum tunnelling composite?
11. Select the sentence that best describes quantun tunneling composite
a. QTC is expensive, it can be produced in large quantities and has a very limited range of
response when pressed
b. QTC is very reliable, it does not require any special manufacturing and requires daylight to
function correctly
c. QTC is a natural material, it has a distinctive odour and has a large range of response when
pressed
d. QTC has a proportional response when pressed, it is easy to produce and is low cost
Use this space to design a product that uses a range of Smart Materials. What will the product be used for? Who
will benefit from using it? Let your imagination go. Add lots of annotation.
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 19
Section 9:- Materials Knowledge: Composite Materials
Carbon fibre, GRP, MDF, Plywood, Reinforced Concrete, Kevlar, CFRP
1. What is a composite material?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2. How are the physical properties of a composite material superior to those of a single
material?
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3. Describe one advantage of the composite ‘steel reinforced concrete’ over normal
concrete?
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4. What composite material is used for the manufacture of canoes, car bodies, small
swimming pools, water tanks, surfboards and small boat hulls?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Describe the composition of the material you named above and its manufacture.
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6. What is CFRP?
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7. What are the physical properties of CFRP?
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8. What is Kevlar? Describe the physical properties and some practical applications of this
composite material.
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 20
Section 10:- Engineering Processes.
Marking out, Cutting, Finishing, Preparing, Shaping, Drilling, Turning, Milling,
Brazing, Joining (Permanent and Temporary fixings) , Filing, Soldering
During workshop practical tasks you will develop skills in above Engineering Processes.
Complete the following table as you develop these skills.
Engineering Process Equipment Used/Descriptive Sentence Engineered Product
Marking out,
Cutting,
Finishing,
Preparing,
Shaping,
Drilling,
Turning,
Milling
Brazing,
Joining (Permanent fixings)
Joining (Temporary fixings)
Filing
Soldering
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 21
Section 11:- Electronics in Engineering;
Circuits and Circuit Symbols
During your course you will be given the opportunity to construct an electronic circuit.
Electronic Circuits consist of Electronic Components Here are a range of electronic components. What are they? What do they do?
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 22
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 23
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 24
Section 12:- Effects of Engineering Achievements
Modern Engineering in Society, see http://www.pcsaengineers.uk, for help with these questions.
Mechanical, Electronic and Structural Engineers work with Mathematicians, Scientists and Technologists
to create the products and services that we use every day in society.
1. What is mechanical Engineering?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………
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2. What is Electronic Engineering?
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3. What is Structural Engineering?
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STRUCTURAL ENGINNEERING
Read through Section 12 Unit 3 Effects of Engineering Achievements on www.pcsaengineers.uk
4. What modern materials could you use for bridge building?
5. Explain what properties you need in a material if you are going to build a bridge and why you would need them.
6. Name a famous modern bridge
7. Who designed it?
8. Name the tallest building in the UK
9. Who designed it?
10. What is the frame of the tallest UK building made from and why?
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 25
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1. What modern materials could you use for an engine block in a car?
2. Explain what properties you need in a material if you are going to build a car engine block and why you would need them.
3. Who designed the first modern internal combustion engine?
4. What was the first mass-produced car?
5. Who designed the WW2 Spitfire?
6. What helped to make the Spitfire one of the fastest fighter planes of the time?
7. What engineering discovery speeded up fighter planes in 1939?
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
1. What electronic component changed the way electronic products were designed?
2. Who invented it?
3. What was the best-selling consumer electronic product of the 1960s?
4. Who was responsible for changing the way we use mobile phones?
5. What was his most influential innovation?
6. What company did he work for?
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 26
Section 13:- Engineering and the Environment.
Recycling, Sustainability Read through Section 13 Unit 3 Engineering & The Environment on www.pcsaengineers.uk, and then
answer questions.
1. What kind of impact does the mass production of disposable products have on the world and
environment? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What areas/fields could be affected by the production of a new product?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. Engineers need to be aware of the impact their decisions will have on the world. Who is responsible for these new products? Where does that responsibility start and end?
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Product Life Cycle
In the space below draw a product lifecycle analysis for aluminium can of coke that you
would buy from your local shop. Then describe the environmental impact your can of
coke has had on the world in a short paragraph.
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 27
US put China-made parts in F-35 fighter program: According to Pentagon documents reviewed by Reuters, chief U.S. arms
buyer Frank Kendall allowed two F-35 suppliers, Northrop Grumman
and Honeywell International, to use Chinese magnets for the new
warplane's radar system, landing gears and other hardware.
Read the above headline and statement. Explain why this could have happened in terms of engineering and the environment: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
In terms of engineering new products/specifying materials, describe each of the following terms: Use
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Disposal
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Recycling
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 28
Sustainability
1. Select the correct 6 Rs of sustainability
a. Reduce
b. Reorganise
c. Recycle
d. Reuse
e. Rectify
f. Rethink
g. Replicate
h. Refuse
i. recover
j. Repair
k. Retry
2. Which sentence best describes sustainability
a. Sustainability is all about how we design, and use products that can be recycled all the time
to safeguard the world for ourselves and future generations.
b. Sustainability is all about how we design, make and use products to maximise our future
generation’s ability to continuing buying and using products.
c. Sustainability is all about how we design, make and use products that minimise the
depletion of our energy and other resources, which will safeguard the world for ourselves
and future generations.
d. Sustainability is all about how we design, make and use products to maximise their
longevity, allowing us to safeguard the world for ourselves and future generations.
3. Select two of the environmental impacts of extracting oil, ores and timber.
a. Destruction of species habitats
b. Increase in species reproduction
c. Increase in biodiversity
d. Carbon emissions
e. Lowering of harmful gas
f. Expansion of available food stocks
4. Select which sentence would be of a benefit to the environment by reducing the amount of material
used to design a drinking glass.
a. The product becomes smaller, so it will fit in the consumers hand easier.
b. The product becomes lighter, so transporting it uses less fuel.
c. The product becomes more popular, so more people will purchase it.
d. The product becomes slimmer, so will fit in a recycling bin easier.
5. What sentence best describes the process of paper biodegrading?
a. When paper is burnt it biodegrades into the atmopshere
b. When paper is mixed with chemicals in water it biodegrades
c. When paper is left on a composte it biodegrades naturally
6. What does LCA stand for?
a. Long Circular Adjustment
b. Large Cycle Assessment
c. Life Calculating Assessment
d. Large Carbon Assessment
e. Life Cycle Assessment
f. Land Carbon Assessment
g. Landfill Calculating Assessment
7. Why would having affective quality control (QC) in a factory that produces computer keyboards benefit
the environment?
a. The Keyboards would be made
quicker
b. The Keyboard would be really well
produced
c. Less waste would be produced
d. The QC process can be carried out
by a machine making it more
accurate
e. The keyboard would be smaller
f. The keyboard would be more
popular when sold
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 29
8. Why would a pair of Beats headphones that are easy to repair be thought of as sustainable?
a. Because they sound great people would not throw the headphones away.
b. Because parts could be repaired you would not need to buy a new pair of headphones.
c. Because Beats are so comfortable and expensive people look after them.
d. Because lots of them would sell so they would keep making them.
9. Why would a bowl made from a polymer that can biodegrade easily be sustainable?
a. The bowl can be used again and again so will not need replacing.
b. The bowl will cost more so the consumer will not want to throw it away.
c. The bowl will return its nutrients to the ground when composted.
d. The bowl can be washed quickly so less water is used when cleaning it.
e. The bowl can be eaten after it has been used, so no material is wasted.
10. Select three things you can do to help reduce your impact on the environment.
a. Turn off the lights in a room when
it is not being used
b. Sit still when outside
c. Pass on unwanted items to a
charity
d. Walk in a straight line whenever
possible
e. Try to eat more vegitables
f. Charge you phone every night
g. Kick a can around not a football
h. Use public transport
i. Eat take out meals more often
j. Buy the latest products all the time
k. Keep any unused products in a box
11. What best descibes built in obsolescence.
a. This is a method used to stimulate consumer demand, by making built in features that are
not available anywhere else.
b. This is a method used to stimulate consumer demand, by using flashy media promotions
that inform consumers how obsolete other competitors products are.
c. This is a method used to stimulate consumer demand, by designing products that are
outdated after limited use.
d. This is a method used to stimulate consumer demand, by using only modern technologies to
promote the product as older methods like newspapers and magazines are outdated.
e. This is a method used to stimulate consumer demand, by building in useful technologies to
modern products making their predasessors obsolete.
Home learning tasks: Sustainability
1. In terms of sustainability discuss the use of glass for a milk bottle.
2. In terms of sustainability discuss the use of plastic for a milk bottle.
3. In terms of sustainability discuss the use of unprotected steel to produce a bike
frame
4. Explain 3 of the 6Rs of sustainability.
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 30
Section 14:- Mathematics in Engineering.
Use of formulae (Ohms law & Efficiency), Areas and volumes of geometric
shapes, Calculation, Measuring, Estimation, Mean, Units of measurement,
Metric (Metres, millimetres) Imperial (Pounds, pence)
Read through Section 14 Unit 3 Engineering Mathematical Techniques on
www.pcsaengineers.uk, and then answer questions in the following space, and on extra
sheets of paper.
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 31
Mathematical Equations used by Engineers
Below are equations used by engineers to calculate a wide range of properties.
Exercise:
How many of the following equations are you able to produce worked examples for? Can
you state the Units for each of the properties?
Energy efficiency efficiency (%) = (useful energy out ÷ total energy in) x 100%.
power P = E ÷ t power = energy ÷ time
work done W = F x d work done = force x distance
Forces & Motion speed s = d ÷ t speed = distance ÷ time
acceleration a = (v-u) ÷ t acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time
force F = m x a force = mass x acceleration
moment of force m = F x d
moment = force x perpendicular from pivot distance
weight w = m x g weight = mass x gravity
momentum p = m x v momentum = mass x velocity
density d = m ÷ v density = mass ÷ volume
pressure p = F ÷A pressure = force ÷ Area
Electricity power P = V x I power = voltage x current
voltage V = I x R voltage = current x resistance
current I = P ÷ V current = power ÷ voltage
resistance R = V ÷ I resistance = voltage ÷ current
Geometric area - square length of side²
area – rectangle length of side 1 x length of side 2
area – triangle (length of base x height of triangle) ÷ 2
area - circle π x radius²
volume - cube length of side³
volume - pyramid (1/3) x (base area) x height of pyramid
volume - cylinder π x radius² x height of cylinder
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 32
Exercise:
How many of the equations are you able to produce worked examples for? Can you
state the Units for each of the properties?
Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 33
Examination Notes and Sketches
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Examination Annotated Sketches
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Examination Notes and Sketches
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Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 – 2 Engineering KS4 Student Q & A Booklet 2018/2020 Page 36