Kidney Disorders

7.7

Urinalysis(Image on next slide from: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/investigations-tests/urinalysis/)

• can be used to detect many metabolic and kidney disorders as well as urinary tract infections

• urine can be assessed using a dipstick or at a laboratory

Multiple Test Dipstick

Urinalysis

• For more information on how to interpret results of urinalysis dipsticks, go to “Urinalysis for Dummies”:

http://www.impactednurse.com/?p=2144

Diabetes Mellitus

• Type 1 - body cannot produce insulin

• Type 2 - cells fail to use insulin properly

• gestational - hormones of pregnancy interfere with action of insulin

• urinalysis would show high levels of glucose (and greater volumes of urine)

Diabetes Insipidus

• caused by failure to produce ADH or lack of cell response to ADH

• less ADH means that less water is reabsorbed

• causes greater volumes of dilute urine

Bright’s Disease

• also called nephritis, an inflammation of the nephrons

• one type causes destruction of glomerular capillaries

• urinalysis shows large amounts of protein in urine (and greater volumes)

Kidney Stones(Image from: http://healthcareguide4u.blogspot.com/2009/05/kidney-stones.html)

• caused by precipitation of minerals, can be alkaline or acidic

• VERY painful

Kidney Stones - Treatment(Images from: http://www.freeclinicproject.org/the-natural-way-of-passing-kidney-stones)

• time…• lithotripsy (shock-

wave therapy)• ureteroscopy (and

placement of stent or removal of stone)

Dialysis(Image from: http://www.nocturnaldialysis.org/LOWBP.LRG.htm)

• for low-functioning kidneys, dialysis machine can filter blood

• most common is hemodialysis

Dialysis(Image from: http://www.metrohealth.org/body.cfm?id=1452)

• can remove toxic wastes and maintain solute balance, but cannot perform other functions of kidney (hormone release, etc.)

Kidney Transplant(Image from: http://mrbobgardner.blogspot.com/)