Post on 05-Apr-2018
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5karg - food from the gardens in northern europe
FoodFromthegardensin northern europe
archaeobotanicalandwrittenrecordsdatedto
themedievalperiodandearlymoderntimes
voedseluit noordeuropesetuinen archeobotanischeengeschreven
bronnenuitde middeleeuwenen vroegmodernetijd
Sabine Karg
The National Museum of Denmark and Copenhagen UniversityNy Vestergade 11, DK-1471 Copenhagen and
Njalsgade 80, DK-2300 CopenhagenSabine.Karg@natmus.dk
Abstract
T c c W K, c c.Sc , c , c cc Bc S, w c. T c c q
w cc cx. T q cc c c
. W w c c; , .. V A? D cc c - - c ?
Samenvatting
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Introduction
S cc xc c c . T -c cc x c w w c x.
I N E w c c c- c 5 cc xc AD 5- (F. , . ). M 5 c c, w N G, N P, D, E, Sw, F, Nw,
w c (K (.) ). W w-
c w cc c w c-c c.
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6 of plants and snails
Country site type locality dating to
Reference century AD
Northern Germany
Alsleben 2007 urban Oldenburg 13 -17
urban Bremen 13 -16/18
urban Braunschweig 13 -16
urban Einbeck 14
urban Gttingen 13 -16
urban Hann. Mnden 16 -18
urban Hildesheim 17/18
urban Hxter 13/14
urban Lneburg 14 +16/17
urban Northeim 16
urban Schleswig 13
urban Kiel 13 -17
urban Lbeck 13 -17
urban Mlln 16/17
urban Rostock 13/14 +16/17
urban Stralsund 13 -18
urban Greifswald 13 +14/15
urban Pasewalk 13
Northern Poland
Lataowa et al. 2007 urban Kolberg 13-15/16
urban Danzig 13-18
urban Elbing 13-14
Estonia
Sillasoo & Hiie 2007 urban Tallinn (Reval) 13-17
urban, castle Tartu, Uue-Kastre 13/14-17/18
urban Prnu (Pernau) 13-17
urban Viljandi (Fellin) 13-17/18
Finland
Lempiinen 2007 urban Helsinki 15-18
urban Hmeenlinna 11-14
urban Porvoo 16-17
urban Tammisaari 17-19
urban Turku 13-19
castle Kaarina 14-16castle Turku, Castle 15-18
castle Kkisalmi Castle 12-14
rural Lahti 15-18
rural Lieto 13-14
rural Naantali,Mannerheiminkatu
15-17
rural Perni 14-15
rural Pori 11-18
rural Vesilahti 15-18
monastery Naantali, ConventChurch 13-16
monastery Valamo Island 11-18
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karg - food from the gardens in northern europe
Country site type locality dating to
Sweden
Viklund 2007 urban Uppsala 13-15
urban Sigtuna 10-13
urban Stockholm
urban Norrkping 12-17
urban Sderkping
Denmark
Karg 2007 urban, monastery Odense 13-17
urban, church Roskilde 12-15
urban Copenhagen 11-19
urban Helsingr 16-18
urban Hillerd 16-18
urban Holbk 13-15
urban Nstved 12-19
urban Sakskbing 17-18
urban Svendborg 13-16
urban lborg 13-15
urban Halmsted 12-18
urban Landskrona 15-16
urban Lund 12-19
urban Trelleborg 14-18
urban Visby 12-18
castle, urban Horsens 12-16
castle Taasinge 17-18
castle Tnder 13-16
ship Gedesby 13-14
ship Kolding 12
rural Amager, Trnby Torv 11-17
rural Herstedster 13-15
rural Lolland, Arninge,Hollens
12-14
rural Mors, Skarreborg 12-13
rural Ilstorp 13-14
rural Malm 17-18
monastery Ribe 12-15
monastery Sor 13-17
monastery m 13-16
monastery Dalby 12-14
Norway
Hjelle 2007 urban Trondheim 13-18
urban Bergen 13-18
urban Oslo 13-18
Table 1
List of the archaeological sites with botanical nds
from Northern Europe(compiled by the author)
Lijst met archeologische vindplaatsen in
Noord-Europa
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of plants and snails
Fig. 1
Map showing the locations with archaeobotanical
nds dated to the medieval period and early modern
times
Design B. Helle, Bergen University, Norway
Kaart met de plaatsen met archeobotanische vond-
sten daterend tot de Middeleeuwen en vroegmo-
derne tijd
Latin name English Name Northern
Germany
Northern
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Fruits
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry
Cerasus avium Sweet Cherry
Cerasus vulgaris Sour Cherry
Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry
Crataegus laevigata Common Hawthorn
Cydonia oblonga Quince
Empetrum nigrum Black Crowberry
Ficus carica Fig
Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry
Malus domestica Apple
Malus sp. Apple
Malus sylvestris Wild Apple
Mespilus germanica Medlar
Morus alba White Mulberry
Morus nigra Black Mulberry
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9karg - food from the gardens in northern europe
Latin name English Name Northern
Germany
Northern
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Morus sp. Mulberry
Physalis alkekengi Strawberry Tomato
Prunus domestica Plum
Prunus insititia Bullace
Prunus padus European Bird Berry
Prunus persica Peach
Prunus spinosa Sloe
Prunus sp. Sloe/Cherry
Pyrus communis Pear
Pyrus sp. Pear
Ribes nigrum Black Currant
Ribes rubrum Red Currant
Ribes sp. Currant
Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry
Rosa canina Rose
Rosa sp. Dog Rose
Rubus caesius European Dewberry
Rubus chamaemorus Cloudberry
Rubus ruticosus Bramble
Rubus idaeus Raspberry
Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble
Rubus sp. Bramble/Raspberry
Sambucus nigra Common Elder
Sorbus aucuparia Rowan
Sorbus domestica Service Tree
Sorbus torminalis Wild Service Tree
Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry
Vaccinium oxycoccus Cranberry
Vaccinium sp. Bilberry/Cranberry
Vaccinium uliginosum Bog Bilberry
Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry
Vitis viniera (incl. subsp.sylvestris Vitis sp.)
Grape Wine
Nuts
Castanea sativa Spanish Chestnut
Corylus avellana Hazel
Juglans regia Walnut
Prunus dulcis Almond
Table 2
Fruit and nuts from archaeological sites dated to
the medieval period and early modern times (12th
-17th century AD) from seven dierent countries(compiled by the author). Nomenclature after
Erhardt et al. 2000
Vruchten en noten van archeologische vindplaatsen
gedateerd in de Middeleeuwen en vroegmoderne
tijd (12e-17e eeuw AD) uit zeven verschillendelanden
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of plants and snails
Project design
I c c cc w c , cx wc w , w c , . C cc ? W cx ? W w-
? I HANSA-c w c w w (K ). I c c w c.
Fruits and nuts
A c x c N E (T. ). T c -c c c w cc . U w, w c . S
c, c , c - Sc. B c , w (K, . ). F w c w w c D cc w w x 6 c(B 99). I c cc Nc c- M A (K . ). F w - (S H , . 6) , c c (Lw . , .6). O xc, c w . T w c c w xc xc . W cc
c c(F. ). B w w, c c Nw (H , . ), D (K , . ).O w cc w , c (V, . ). W c c z w q cc. D cc w z (K
. , . ).
Herbs and spices
Acc c c c c c cc w . T cc-c w xc - c. I NG, N P E - c (A
Fig. 2
Henbane seed from the
Viking Age site of Fyrkat,
Jutland, Denmark
SEM-photograph M. Tauber
and S. Karg, The National
Museum of Denmarkbar= 1 mm
Bilzenkruidzaad uit de
Vikingnederzeing Fyrkat,
Jutland, Denemarken
maatstreepje= 1 mm
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karg - food from the gardens in northern europe
; Lw . ; S H ). T c cc c. W c cc c. T , c E. O w Fc, w D AD . T c w R L
C, xc w V (99). O c c, c , , c , w w . T c x w, w c x (T ). T w xc c xc c. Acc - cc .
Fig. 3
Map showing the number of archaeobotanical
records of cultivated and collected fruits and nuts
dated to the 13th and 16th century in Northern
Europe. The red column represents a summary of
all the imported plant records (herbs, spices, fruits,
and nuts)
Design B. Helle and K. Hjelle, Bergen University,Norway
Kaart met het aantal archeobotanische vermeldin-
gen van gecultiveerde en verzamelde vruchten en
noten met een datering in de 13e en 16e eeuw in
Noord Europa. De rode kolom geeft een overzicht
van alle vermeldingen van gemporteerde planten
(kruiden, specerijen, vruchten en noten)
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of plants and snails
O w c w cc .M c c c c q cccc c, c x Sw G. T w xc
w c . T c V A (K G ). O c w
w , w w (K ).H x V A, . A cc w c w cc c F J, D (H 9). T w c x w (Pz . 9). S, c D (F. ). D c N cc- qc c (T. ). A N E, c .
Herbs and Spices (incl. Ergot)
Latin Name English Name Northern
Germany
Northern
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Aethusa cynapium Fool`s Parsley
Aramomum melegueta Grains of Paradise
Anethum graveolens Dill
Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica
Apium graveolens Celery
Artemisia absinthium Absinthe
Atropa belladonna Deadly NightshadeBetonica ofcinalis Betony
Brassica nigra Black Mustard
Capsicum annuum Hot Pepper
Carum carvi Caraway
Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine
Claviceps purpurea Ergot
Coriandrum sativum Coriander
Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom
Elettaria major Sri Lanka Cardamom
Filipendula ulmaria Meadow Sweet
Foeniculum vulgare Fennel
Humulus lupulus Hop
Hyoscyamus niger Henbane
Hypericum peroratum Perforate St John`s Wort
Hyssopus ofcinalis Hyssop
Juniperus communis Juniper
Laurus nobilis Laurel
Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort
Levisticum ofcinale Lovage
Myrica gale Sweet Gale
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karg - food from the gardens in northern europe
Conclusions
T w c w c . T Hc L , c c, N. T , c w , c c cc c.Cw c c c Nw (H , . 6).
P c cc Hc Lc (H-Kw ), cc cx c c , c . T c w c ww xc c cc .
Recipe for Wim from King Valdemar`s cookbook: the oldest cookbook of Europe
De salso ualente ad tres dies et non amplius
T , c , , x w . T c c .
Table 3
Herbs and spices from archaeological sites dated to
the medieval period and early modern times (12th-
17th century AD) from seven dierent countries
(compiled by the author). Nomenclature after
Erhardt et al. 2000
Kruiden en specerijen van archeologische vind-
plaatsen gedateerd in de Middeleeuwen en vroeg-
moderne tijd (12e-17e eeuw AD) uit zeven verschil-
lende landen
Herbs and Spices (incl. Ergot)
Latin Name English Name Northern
Germany
Northern
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Myristica ragrans Nutmeg, Mace
Nepeta cataria Catmint
Nigella sativa Black Cumin
Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoram
Petroselinum crispum Parsley
Pimenta dioica Allspice
Piper nigrum Black Pepper
Rosmarinus ofcinalis Rosemary
Ruta graveolens Rue
Satureja hortensis Savory
Sinapis alba White Mustard
Thymus serpyllum Wild Thyme
Thymus sp. Thyme
Valeriana ofcinalis Common Valerian
Valeriana sp. Valerian
Verbena ofcinalis Vervain
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of plants and snails
References
A A () F c Hc w G. I: K S (.) MF T N E. Pc N M. S
Ac & H (K ), -
B V (99) F F. D E. R B, T
E W, Gz E, B N, S S () Z. Hwc Pz.U, S
H-Kw R () D H. Bc, Mc
H H (9) T F . A c cc . I: O O,Sc H () F. E . II. B . D K NO, C
H K () F c c Nw.I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc NM. S Ac & H (K ), 6-9
K S (.) () M F T N E. Pc NM. S Ac & H (K )
K S () T HANSA Nw Pc. Ic c. I: K S (.) M FT N E. Pc N M. S Ac& H (K ), 9-
K S () L : cc c D M A . I: K S (.) M F T NE. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), -59
K S () D Nzz M N. Acc I, , 9-.
K S, A A, B M, H K, H S, J J, w-Mzc J, Lw M,L T, V K () S . I: K S (.) MF T N E. Pc N M. S
Ac & H (K ), -9
K S, A A, B M, H KL, H S, J J, w-Mzc J, Lw M,L T, V K () A c-c c M A Bc - c,
c w cc ?K S, G D () D E H c Ew.
P P. M E B , I Cc M L Ac. B (Swz) -5 S , -6
Lw M, B M, J J, w-Mzc J () U - cc Hc w N P (Kz,G E). I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), 9-
L T () Acc c F. I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), 9-
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5karg - food from the gardens in northern europe
Pz P, B P M, K S, M U (9) K H . NA 9, 5-
S , H S () A cc c Hc E. I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), -96
T J () Sc. T . K, Nw Y
V H (99) T K V: E - . H
V K () Sw H cc c c , - Sw. I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), 9-5
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