Post on 09-May-2018
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Contents
Jeans Guideline ...................................................................................3
sandblasting of jeans ...................................................................4
Chemicals in finishing of jeans......................................................4
Handwork .............................................................................................5
abrasion by wheel .......................................................................5
Brushing ......................................................................................6
abrasion by sand paper ...............................................................6
add whiskers ...............................................................................7
Crinkle process ............................................................................7
tacking ........................................................................................8
Resin treatment and Curing ................................................................9
resin treatment ...........................................................................9
Curing .......................................................................................10
Chemical treatment ...........................................................................11
spraying ....................................................................................11
Hand painting ............................................................................12
Laser etching .....................................................................................13
Screen printing ..................................................................................14
Washing .............................................................................................15
rinse washing ...........................................................................15
stone washing ...........................................................................16
Bleaching ..................................................................................16
Centrifuge and Drying .......................................................................17
Centrifuge ..................................................................................17
drying ........................................................................................18
Neutralisation .....................................................................................19
Ozone .................................................................................................20
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Jeans Guideline
this guideline is intended to create awareness of the general processes involved in jeans finishing and to give our denim suppliers an overview of the health and safety risks connected with these processes.
Bestseller a/s expects that suppliers ensure all necessary safety measures are in place to protect workers from hazards associated with each finishing process. for general health and safety issues in garment factories, please refer to the Bestseller Health & safety Guideline. if any of the work processes mentioned in this guideline are outsourced, it is your responsibility to forward a copy of this guideline to your subcontractor. to implement this guideline in the daily work, it is essential that workers are trained in health and safety issues and how to use and maintain personal protective equip-ment (ppe).
We expect our suppliers to implement effective procedures to ensure that workers wear any ppe provided. such pro-cedures would include raising awareness concerning immediate and long-term risks as well as fair disciplinary rules to tackle omissions and frequent offenders.
the processes involved in the finishing of jeans can be hazardous to the workers’ health if the necessary safety pre-cautions are not taken. Many of these risks may not be apparent in the short term, but in the long term there could be negative impacts to workers’ health which may only become apparent long after they have ceased working for the sup-plier. as a result it is essential that workers involved in these processes have regular occupational health examinations.
the evaluate, remove, Minimize and protect (erMp) model should be used as a general tool to evaluate the health and safety conditions in the factory. the detailed information provided in this guideline only provides help in tackling the last element of the erMp model: proteCt!
please read more about the erMp model in the Health & safety Guideline
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the guideline contains the following information about each process:
• Methodsusedinapplication• Risktoworkers• Safetyinstructions• Personalprotectiveequipment(PPE)
disclaimer:
every care has been taken in the preparation of this guideline, however, suppliers using these processes must ensure that they meet all local regulations and that safety provisions match the present risks.
Sandblasting of jeansdue to the high health and safety risks involved during sandblasting, Bestseller has decided that no denim must be treated with sandblasting.
Chemicals in finishing of jeansMany chemicals are used during the treatment of jeans, some of which can pose a health risk if they are not stored and handled safely. among these are potassium permanganate (KMno4), sodium Hypochlorite (naClo) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2o2) used in spraying and bleaching. When any chemicals are used, it is essential that recommendations and safety instructions stated in the Material safety datasheets (Msds) are followed and implemented. Msds must be routinely provided by any responsible chemical supplier as part of his service, and copies (in local language) must be displayed close to the point of use.
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HandWorK
aBrasion By WHeel
Application: • Abrasionwheel
Risk: • Airbornedustmaycauselungdisease • Airbornedustmayirritateeyesandnose • Rotatingpartsmaycauseskininjuryifincontactwithskin
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • Ifapneumaticsystemisnotused:electricalcordsmustbewellmaintainedwith-
out exposed wires • PPEshouldbeworn • Electricalcordsarenotpluggedintoanextensioncord
PPE: • Mask • Multipurposegloves • Labcoat • Protectiveeyewear • Earplugs
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BrusHinG
Application: • Abrasionbywheel
Risk: • Airbornedustmaycauselungdisease • Airbornedustmayirritatenoseandeyes • Rotatingpartsmaycauseskinirritationifthereislongexposuretotheskin
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • Ifapneumaticsystemisnotused:electricalcordsmustbewellmaintainedwith-
out exposed wires • PPEmustbeworn • Electricalcordsarenotpluggedintoanextensioncord
PPE: • Gloves • Halffacemask • Labcoat • Eyeprotection • Earplugs
aBrasion By sand paper
Application: • Thesurfaceisrubbedwithsandpaper
Risk: • Airbornedustmaycauselungdisease • Airbornedustmayirritatenoseandeyes • Long-termusecoulddamagehands
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • PPEmustbeworn
PPE: • Multipurposegloves • Halffacemask • Labcoat • Eyeprotection
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add WHisKers
Application: • Thelookisappliedusingsandpaper
Risk: • Airbornedustmaycauselungdisease • Airbornedustmayirritatenoseandeyes • Long-termworkmaydamagehands
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • PPEmustbeused
PPE: • Multipurposegloves • Halffacemask • Labcoat • Eyeprotection
CrinKle proCess
Application: • Jeansarefittedonamodellegandheatappliedinthestovetofixtheeffect
Risk: • Hotobjectsmaycauseburns
Safetyinstructions: • Handstobeprotectedfromhotsurfaces • PPEmustbeworn • Electricalcordsmustbewellmaintainedwithoutexposedwires • Machinerymustbewellmaintainedandregularlychecked • Machinerysafetyinstructionsmustbefollowed • Ensureappropriatefireextinguishersareavailableclosebyandthatworkersare
trained in their use • Electricalcordsarenotpluggedintoanextensioncord
PPE: • Halffacemask • Multipurposegloves • Labcoat
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taCKinG
Application: • Atackingmachineisused
Risk: • Hands/fingerscouldgethurtifincontactwiththeneedle • Needlebreakagecouldcausedamagetotheeyes
Safetyinstructions: • Followthemachinesafetymanual • Ensurepropertraininginusingthemachine • Electricalcordsmustbewellmaintainedwithoutexposedwires • Machinesmusthaveaneedleguardtoavoidphysicalrisksfrombrokenneedle
parts • Incasenoguardisavailable,PPEmustbeprovided • Electricalcordsarenotpluggedintoanextensioncord
PPE: • Protectiveeyeweartobewornifmachineisunguarded
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resin treatMent and CurinG
resin treatMent
Application: • Sprayingordippingintoachemicalresinbath
Risk: • Hazardouschemicalvapours • Burnsduetoskincontactwiththechemicals • Potential long-termhealth issues (if the resin contains formaldehyde, it could
potentially cause cancer) • Coulddamageeyesifincontact
Safetyinstructions: • Useonly inwellventilatedareaswith localexhaustventilationwherecontami-nated air is taken out of the room and fresh air is pumped in
• Thespraybooths,washerandhotstovesmustbeselfventilatedbyindividualaspirators
• Airqualitymustbetestedtoensurelegalexposurelimitsarenotexceeded • Avoideyeandskincontactandrinseimmediatelyincaseofcontact • Theremustbeasafetyshowerandeyewashnearby • AllchemicalsmusthaveMSDS • Thesolutionmustbemixedinawellventilatedarea
PPE: • Nitrilrubbergloves • Halffacemask • Protectiveeyewear • Boots • Labcoat • AdditionalPPEshouldbewornifstatedintheMSDS
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CurinG
Application: • Thepreviouslypreparedgarmentisplacedinhotovenfor10-25min.Toallowthe resin to bind with the fabric.
Risk: • Skincontactwithhotobjectscancauseburns • Mayreleaseexcessfumes.Pleaseseetheriskandsafetyinstructionsforresin
treatment
Safetyinstructions: • The oven must vent fumes externally. An aspirator must start automaticallywhen opening the stove doors in order to extraxt any fumes
• Avoidskincontactwithhotobjects • Ensureappropriatefireextinguishersareavailableclosebyandthatworkersare
trained in their use • Overheadconveyorsareclearlyidentifiedtopreventworkerinjury • Useequipmenttoverifytheactualtemperatureoftheoven.Thisistoprevent
overheating of the garment and reduce the chance of a garment catching fire • Followmachinesafetyinstructionswhileoperatingthehotoven • Ensureperiodicchecksoftheovenarecarriedout
PPE: • Gloves • Halffacemask • Apron
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CHeMiCal treatMent
sprayinG
Application: • Spraygun
Risk • Chemicalvapours • Eyeandskinirritationifincontactwiththechemicals
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareasorventilatedwatercabins • Airqualitymustbetestedtoensurelegalexposurelimitsarenotexceeded • Forallchemicals,MSDSmustbeprovidedanddisplayedclosetothepointofuse • Safetyshowerandeyewashmustbenearby • Thesolutionmustbemixedinwellventilatedoropenarea • PPEisusedwhilemixing • KMn04mustnotbeincontactwithskinortheeyesandmustnotbeinhaledor swallowed • Storeoil-basedpaintsawayfromheatsources • FollowthestorageinstructionsoftheMSDS
PPE: • GlovesthatprotectagainstKMn04permeation • Fullfacemask • Protectiveeyewear • Boots • Labcoat(longsleeves) • AdditionalPPEifstatedintheMSDS
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Hand paintinG
Application: • Appliedbyhandwithabrushorsponge
Risk: • Chemicalvapours • Eyeandskinirritations
Safetyinstructions: • Airqualitymustbetestedtoensurelegalexposurelimitsarenotexceeded • MSDSforpaintavailableclosetopointofuse • Safetyshowerandeyewashmustbenearby • Useonlyinwellventilatedareas • Airmustbedirectedawayfromtheworkers • Storeoil-basedpaintsawayfromheatsources • FollowthestorageinstructionsontheMSDS
PPE: • Halffacemask • Gloves • Labcoat • AdditionalPPEifrecommendedintheMSDS
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laser etCHinG
laser etCHinG
Application: • Anautomatedlaserisused
Risk: • Eyedamageandburnsonthehands • Inhalationofsmokefumes • Movingmachinery • Fabriccatchingfire
Safetyinstruction: • Administrativeandengineeringsystemsmustbe inplace topreventphysicalcontact with the laser beam including 2-level start/stop mechanism
• Avoidinhalationofsmokefumesresultingfrommachineoperation • Makesurethatworkersarepreventedfrombeinghitbymovingmachinery • Putupsignsindicatingdanger,warningsorcautions • Installanalarmorwarninglighttoindicatewhenthemachineisstartingup • Ensurethatappropriatefireextinguishersareclosebyandworkersaretrained
on their use • Operateonlyinwellventilatedareas
PPE: • Protectiveeyewear(lasersafetyglasses) • Maskgloves(fireproof) • Earplugsifnoiselevelsareover85dBA
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sCreen printinG
sCreen print
Application: • Octopusshapeddigitalpresses.Selfprotectionbuiltin.Themachineautomati-cally stops when the pressing area is not clear
Risk: • Hotsurfacescancauseburns • Chemicalvapours
Safetyinstruction: • Avoidskincontactwithhotobjects. • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawithairdirectedawayfromtheworkers • Airqualitymustbetestedtoensurelegalexposurelimitsarenotexceeded • MSDSmustbeavailableforthescreen-printingchemicalsclosetopointofuse • Electricalcordsmustbewellmaintainedwithoutexposedwires • Automaticstopmechanismsmustbecheckedregularly • Oil-baseddyesarestoredawayfromheatsources • Electricalcordsarenotpluggedintoextensioncords • FollowthestorageinstructionsontheMSDS
PPE: • Gloves(topreventfromhotobjects) • Labcoat(longsleeves) • Mask • AdditionalPPEtobewornifstatedintheMSDS
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WasHinG
rinse WasHinG
Application: • Industrialwashersareused. • Dispersingagentsareused • De-sizingagentsareused
Risk: • Noise • Heat • Wetfloor
Safetyinstruction: • Useonlyinventilatedarea(theremustbealocalventilationsystemattheopen-ing of the washer)
• MSDSforthechemicalsmustbeprovidedclosetopointofuse • Safetyshowerandeyewashmustbenearby • Followusersafetymanualforwashingmachine • Spillsmustbewipedpromptlytoreduceriskofslips • Floorcanbetreatedwithanti-slippainttominimizerisks
PPE: • Halffacemask • PVCnitriderubbergloves(long) • Labcoat • Boots • Earplugs
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stone WasHinG
Application: • Thegarmentsarewashedinindustrialwasherswithstones.Pumicetypestonesare used. additionally enzymes may be used to add to the effect of the stones.
• Alsodispersingagentsareused
Risk: • Noise • Wetfloor
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • TheremustbeMSDSforthechemicalsclosetopointofuse • Safetyshowerandeyewashshallbeprovidednearby • Spillsmustbewipedpromptlytoreduceriskofslips • Floorcanbetreatedwithanti-slippainttominimizerisks • Followusermanualforwashingmachine
PPE: • Gloves • Halffacemask • Apron • Boots • Earplugs
BleaCHinG
Application: • Industrialwasherisused • Bleachingagentsareapplied
Risk: • Noise • Wetfloor • Potentialirritationofskinandeyes
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • TheremustbeMSDSforallchemicalsclosetopointofuse • Safetyshowerandeyewashmustbenearby • Spillsmustbewipedpromptlytoreduceriskofslips • Floorcanbetreatedwithanti-slippainttominimizerisks • Alocalaspiratormustbeavailableinthewasheroutlet • Followusermanualforwashingmachine
PPE: • Halffacemask • PVCnitridegloves • Labcoat • Boots • Earplugs
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CentrifuGe and dryinG
CentrifuGe
Application: • Industrialmachinesareused
Risk: • Rotatingparts
Safetyinstruction: • Useinwellventilatedareawhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • Machinewarningandguidelinesmustbedisplayedinthelocallanguage • Stayawayfromthecentrifugewhileinmotion.Nohandorbodycontactwiththe
machine • Ensurethecentrifugeisfixedtothefloor • Ensuretheclothesareplacedinthemachineinabalancedway • Machinesafetymanualmustbefollowed
PPE: • PVCGloves • Halffacemask • Apron • Boots • Earplugs
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dryinG
Application: • Industrialdryersareused
Risk: • Noise • Heat • Automaticopeningandclosingofdoors
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareaswhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • Theworkersmustkeepawayfromoperationpanelsinordertopreventbeinghit
when the doors open and close unexpectedly • Followtheusermanualforthedryingmachine
PPE: • Gloves • Halffacemask • Apron • Boots • Earplugs
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neutralisation
neutralisation
Application: • Industrialwashersareusedforwashing
Risk: • Noise • Wetfloor • Useofchemicalswhichcanirritateeyesandskin
Safetyinstructions: • Useonlyinwellventilatedareaswhereventilationdirectsairawayfromworkers • Spillsmustbewipedpromptlytoreduceriskofslips • Floorcanbetreatedwithanti-slippainttominimizerisks • MSDSmustbeavailableforallchemicalsclosetopointofuse • Machinesafetymanualsmustbefollowed
PPE: • Mask • PVCnitridegloves • Labcoat • Earplugs • AdditionalPPEifrecommendedintheMSDS.
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ozone
ozone
Application: • Ozonegenerator
Risk: • Ifozoneisreleasedintotheworkplacethereareseriousrisksinvolved.Anythingfrom skin/eye/throat irritation to death
Safetyinstruction: • Factoriesmustseparateozonegeneratorsfromtherestofthefactory • Ashutoffswitchmustbeavailableat least10metresaway fromtheozone
generator • Theozoneconcentrationinthesystemmustbemonitoredwithanozonemonitor • Doors tomachines using an ozone generatormust be equippedwith safety
locks so that the machine cannot be opened if the ozone concentration is more than 1ppm or equal
• Pipes,pipeconnectorsandclampsmustbemadeofcorrosionresistantma-terials and must be strong enough to withstand the pressure generated by the ozone finish process
• Employeesmustbetrainedonthehazardsofozonegas,theuseoftheSelf-Contained Breathing apparatus (sCBa) and evacuation plan if the alarm triggers
• Standardoperatingprocedure (SOP) foroperating theozonegeneratormust be available and followed