Post on 01-Apr-2015
IW Ontologies
Dean S. Hartley III, Hartley ConsultingLee Lacy, DRC
Paul Works, TRACINFORMS National Meeting, Charlotte, 11/13/11
Operational Environment
includes
Natural and human actorsWith identities, relationships & decision-making processes
ActorInterventions, events and ongoing processesDIME+
Action
Natural and man-made environment
Environment
performs
affects
Description of the world:· States of being· Context of action· Protocol for action· Natural environment· PMESII+
State Variabledescribed by
perceived by
BLUF
• Irregular Warfare Ontologies– Controlled vocabularies– Basic relationships within Operational Environment– Implemented in Web Ontology Language (OWL)
• Elements– Actions– Actors– Environmental (natural & human, physical & conceptual) objects– Metrics (state variables) describing the status of 1st three sets
• Metric Ontology– Begins with taxonomy: PMESII + kinetics + natural environment – Allows metric types to be in multiple categories– “Comprehensive” list of ~400 metric types– Adds links to six Lines of Effort (LOEs)
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Ontology Development Process
IW Metric Ontology DevelopmentProject Activities and Deliverables
• Producing IW Metrics Ontology– linking LOEs
– to PMESII Metrics
• Created through– Workshops
– Literature review
– Tools review
– Expertise
• Developing– IW definitions
– Ontology definitions
– LOE definitions
– PMESII definitions
– Metric definitions
– Operational knowledge
Literature Review(IW References)
FacilitatedWorkshop Sessions
IW MetricsOntology Report
IW Ontology6
OperationalLOEs
PMESIIMetrics
Expertise
DIME/PMESIITools Review
IW MetricOntology
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TRAC contracted with DRC and Hartley Consulting to develop an IW Metrics ontology
Scope Domain - Context Diagram
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Metrics can be thought of as state variables that describe the Operational Environment.
Operational Environment
includes
Natural and human actorsWith identities, relationships & decision-making processes
ActorInterventions, events and ongoing processesDIME+
Action
Natural and man-made environment
Environment
performs
affects
Description of the world:· States of being· Context of action· Protocol for action· Natural environment· PMESII+
State Variabledescribed by
perceived by
Ontologies
• Operational Environment (OE) Ontologies – 397 elements (some in more than one ontology)
– Actor Ontology – 68 elements
– Environment Ontology – 150 elements
– Action Ontology – 195 elements
• Actor Ontology Organization– Actor Categories and SubCategories
– PMESII+ Categories and SubCategories
• Environment Ontology Organization– Environment Categories and SubCategories
– PMESII+ Categories and SubCategories
• Action Ontology Organization– PMESII+ Categories and SubCategories
• Metric Ontology – Derived from the OE Ontologies– 456 elements
– PMESII+ Categories and SubCategories
– Lines of Effort (LOEs) Categories
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Operational Environment Ontologies
Actors Ontology
Each actor has both an actor type and belongs to one of the PMESII categories
PhysicalEnvironment
InfrastructureEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
PoliticalEnvironment
PMESII
InformationEnvironment
Actor
Actor-IndividualActor-
SignificantGroupActor-
DemographicGroupActor-
PhysicalActor-
Conceptual
Elements
GeoPoliticalDivision
EconomicDivision
KeyLeaderOtherIndividual StaticPopulation MobilePopulation VehiclesEnvrionment
alArmedForce
PoliticalOrganization
EconomicOrganization
SocialOrganization
Actor
PhysicalEnvironment
InfrastructureEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
PoliticalEnvironment
KeyLeader
GovernmentTypeOrganization
PoliticalLeaderProPeaceLeader AgitatorLeader
GeoPoliticalDivision
MilitaryLeader
InterventionForce
GovernmentMilitaryForce
ArmedForce
DemobilizedArmedForce
PrivateSecurityForce
ParamilitaryForce
SocialServicesOrganization
ExternalGovernmentAdvisor
ExternalAgitatorOrganization
JudicialOrganization
LawEnforcementOrganization
DiplomatLeader
IntelligenceServiceOrganization
RegimeSponsoredNonMilitaryArmedOrganization
NonGovernmentArmedLeader
InsurgentOrganization
TerroristOrganization
CriminalLeader
CriminalOrganization
WorkerOrganization
BusinessLeader
EconomicSector
TourismBusiness
NonGovernmentOrganization
NGOLeader EducationLeader
InternallyDisplacedPopul
ation
Migrants(PulledFromOuts
ide)
Refugees(PushedFromOu
tside)
HealthEmergency(FamineEpidemic)
Expatriates
StaticPopulation
FamilyFirstRespoderOrg
anization
SocialLeader SpiritualLeader
MediaLeader
MilitaryVehicleNonMilitaryVehicl
e
AirMovementEarthMovement WaterMovement Fire
Actor-IndividualActor-
SignificantGroupActor-
DemographicGroupActor-
PhysicalActor-
Conceptual
PMESII
InformationEnvironment
OtherIndividual
PoliticalPopulation
SocialFaction ReligiousFactionReligiousPo
pulation
CulturalPopulation
PoliticalFaction
CriminalPopulati
on
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ManMadeDisaster
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MediaBusiness TransportBusiness EnergyBusinessAgricultureBusines
sFinancialServicesB
usiness
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GovtDecisionMakingOrg
InterventionOrganization
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LaborLeader
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Side
GeographicalSubdivision
EconomicDivision MobilePopulation
GeneralPopulation
VehiclesEnvrionment
alPoliticalOrganizat
ionEconomicOrgan
izationSocialOrganizati
on
MarketsServiceBusiness
ManufacturingBusiness
Actors Ontology
CriminalLeader
CriminalOrganization
Examples of individual and significant group actors
Actions Ontology
PoliticalActions
Actions
Political-Gov
Political-Pol
Political-ROL
Political-Overview
MilitaryActions
Military-Confl
Military-Gov
Military-Sec
Military-Oth
EconomicActions
Economic-Agri
Economic-Crime
Economic-Energy
Economic-Finance
Economic-Gov
Economic-Jobs
Economic-Oth
SocialActions
Social-BasicNds
Social-Edu
Social-Health
Social-Move
Social-Safety
Social-Oth
InformationActions
Info-General
Info-Media
Info-Opinions
Info-Ops
InfrastructureActions
Infrastructure-Business
Infrastructure-Educat
Infrastructure-Energy
Infrastructure-Gov
Infrastructure-Health
Infrastructure-Media
Infrastructure-Transport
Infrastructure-BasicNds
KineticActions
Logistics
Damage/Attrition
C4I
EnvironmentalActions
Atmospherics
Geometrics
Earth, water & other
Elements
Each action belongs to one or more of the PMESII categories
Provide advisors to govt officials
Educate governments
Train first responders
Train new political leaders Create governments Conduct elections
Supply governments Constitution creation
Establish, staff & fund transition govt
Employ international
diplomatic actions
Destabilize government
Mediate & negotiate with conflicting
parties
Maintain compliance with
peace accord milestones
& conditions
Monitor power sharing
arrangements
Transfer control of government
functionsto host nation
officials
Conduct policing operations
(Re)build & monitor law enforcement
organization
Train law enforcement
personnel
Change the penal system
Change the legal system
Provide advisors to police & criminal
justiceorganizations &
support establishment of
operations
Monitor and report on corruption by
govtofficials
Monitor human rights practices
Conduct war crimes investigations,
tribunals, etc.
Change property procedures
Conduct intervention Peace
Operations
Conduct Irregular War
Establish demilitarized zones,
sanctions, and arms
embargoes
Implement weapons control regimes
Demobilize, reduce, or reintegrate
military& paramilitary units
Create or reform & monitor military Train military forces
Create or reform & monitor intelligence
services
Train intelligence services
Conduct military exercises
Conduct intervention
Stability Operations
Rebuild water distribution
Rebuild water & sewage treatment
facilitiesRebuild dams Attack water
distribution
Attack water & sewage treatment
facilitiesAttack dams
Rebuild roads Rebuild railroads Rebuild bridges and tunnels
Attack roads Attack railroads Attack bridges and tunnels Attack seaports
Rebuild seaports Rebuild airports
Attack airports
Rebuild media infrastructure
Attack media infrastructure
Repair health infrastructure
Attack health infrastructure
Rebuild/replace mil vehicles Attack mil vehicles
Rebuild electricity production plants
Rebuild Extractive energy
transportation(Oil pipelines)
Attack elecricity production plants
Attack electricity distribution
Attack Extractive energy (Oil) production
Rebuild electricity distribution
Rebuild Extractive energy (Oil) production
Attack Extractive energy
transportation (Oil pipelines)
Rebuild schools & education
infrastructure
Attack schools & education
infrastructure
Rebuild shops & commercial structures & equipment
Attack shops & commercial structures & equipment
Provide security for Stability activities
Establish confidence-building
& securitymeasures
Safeguard institutions of
governance & keyofficials
Provide security assistance to the
host nation
Conduct security coordination
Provide force security
Provide security for Humanitarian
Assistanceactivities
ID, interdict & interrupt
recruitment bynon-nation state
actors
ID financial, institutional & local
supportfor non-nation state actors & disrupt it
Mitigate political & social instability & individual unrest actions by non-
nationstate actors
Provide consequence management
support
Clear mines/ place mines
Conduct piracy and anti-piracy operations
Conduct intervention
Humanitarian Assistanceoperations
Provide security for Peace Operation
activities
ID & interdict funding of non-
nation stateactors
Conduct Non-combatant Evacuation Operations
Support agriculture directly
Change agricultural policy
Support reduction of drug crops
Import energy
Create insurance system
Create interbanks payment system Create new currency Seek investment
capital
Develop microfinance
systemsCreate stock market
Privatize/Nationalize businesses
Change government economic policy
Assiste economic integration & cooperation
Strengthen commercial law
Change tax & trade policy
Provide job training & employment for
dischargedmilitary personnel
Create public works programs to
generatejobs
Change social safety net
Manage natural resources
Direct external participation in
economy(buying and selling
commodities)
Influence economy adversely
Import food Distribute food Distribute waterProvide sanitation &
waste water management
Distribute durable goods relief
Coordinate NGO activities
Provide temporary shelter/housing/
refugeecamps
Rebuild civilian housing
Preposition humanitarian relief
stocks
Negotiate w/ bureaucracies to get
relief
Attack civilian housing
Promote civic education
Provide education supplies Train teachers Provide job training
Support host nation health care
Provide medical treatment
Reduce likelihood of population movements
Resettle people
Health Emergency: famine, epidemic,
etc.
Provide social protection programs
Provide refugee camp security
Rebuild community
Provide anti-trafficking in
persons
Sponsor journalist training &
professionalization
Establish liaison programs with govt
Collect information (on infra, econ, govt
eff, percept, refugees, etc.)
Conduct benign public information
operations
Disseminate information
Conduct negative information operations
Engage in criminal activities
Attack vehicles
Rebuild/replace vehicles
Rebuild military structures
Attack military structures
Rebuild government structures
Attack government structures
Attack religious facilities
Rebuild religious facilities
Reduce pollution
Conduct terrorism and anti- and
counterterrorismops
Conduct personnel recovery ops
Conduct border control, boundary
securityand freedom of
movement
KineticActions
InfrastructureActions
SocialActionsEconomicActi
onsMilitaryActions
PoliticalActions
Actions
InformationActions
Political-Gov
Political-Pol
Political-ROL
Extort/suppress population/opposition
Conduct extrajudicial
activities (killings, intimidations)
Political-Overview
Military-Confl
Conduct conventional war
Establish observer missions &
interpose forces
Military-Gov
Military-Sec
Military-Oth
Economic-Agri
Economic-Crime
Economic-Energy
Economic-Finance
Economic-Gov
Economic-Jobs
Economic-Oth
Social-BasicNds
Social-Edu
Social-Health
Social-Move
Social-Safety
Social-Oth
Info-General
Info-Media
Info-Opinions
Info-Ops
Infrastructure-Business
Infrastructure-Social
Infrastructure-Energy
Infrastructure-Gov
Infrastructure-Transport
Infrastructure-Water
Logistics
Acquire equipment and material
Warehouse equipment and
material
Distribute equipment and
material
Move people, equipment and
material on theground
Move people, equipment and
material throughthe air
Move people, equipment and
material overthe water
Move people, equipment and
material underthe water
Damage/Attrition
Cause air/space to subsurface sea
damage/attrition
Cause air/space to ground/sea surface damage/attrition
Cause air/space to air/space damage/
attrition
Cause ground/sea surface to subsurface
seadamage/attrition
Cause ground/sea surface to ground/
sea surfacedamage/attrition
Cause ground/sea surface to air/space
damage/attrition
Cause subsurface seato subsurface sea
damage/attrition
Cause subsurface seato ground/sea surfacedamage/
attrition
Cause subsurface seato air/space
damage/attrition
Cause high-yield explosives damage/
attrition
Cause chemical damage/attrition
Cause biological damage/attrition
Cause radiological damage/attrition
Cause collateral damage/attrition
C4I
Establish sensor processes
Establish communications
processes
Establish comand and control processes
EnvironmentalActions
Atmospherics
Geometrics
Earth, water & other
Obscurants: fog and manmade
Air movement/storms: blizzard/heavy snowfall;
huricane/cyclone/tropical storm/ thunderstorm/
lightning/wind/hail; tornado
Earth movement: earthquake;
landslide/mudlside/avalanche; volcanic
eruptions
Fire or wildfireWater movement: flood/dam failure;
tsunami/seiche
Manmade: nuclear powerplant/
hazardous materials/chemical
emergency; other manmade & technological
disasters
AttackWaterways
RebuildWaterways
Consume food
Produce goods & equipment
Consume goods & equipment
Produce waste
Rebuild manufacturing
structures & equipment
Attack manufacturing
structures & equipment
Rebuild agriculture structures,
equipment& livestock
Attack agriculture structures,
equipment& livestock
Actions Ontology
Change agricultural policy
Rebuild Extractive energy
transportation(Oil pipelines)
Examples of actions with multiple connections
Environment Ontology
Each environmental element has both an environment type and belongs to one of the PMESII categories
PhysicalEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
PoliticalEnvironment
PMESII
InformationEnvironment
Elements
PassiveEnvironment
InfrastructureNaturalEnvironme
nt
Transportation EnergyWater ShelterDisaster-ManMade
Condition-ManMade
Disaster-Natural Condition-Natural
ConceptualEnvrionment
ImmediateNeedsGovernment GeneralBusiness Social Geography
Goods&Equipment
Business LegalGovernment Rights Conflict ServicesOpinion Dimensions
PassiveEnvironment
PhysicalEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
PoliticalEnvironment
MilitaryStructures
Prisons
ShopsAndCommercialStructures
ArableLand
NaturalFeatures
CivilianHousing
MediaInfrastructure
InfrastructureNaturalEnvironme
ntPMESII
InformationEnvironment
NaturalResources
IDP/RefugeeCamp
ReligiousBuildings
EducationBuildings
ElectricityProductionPlants
ElectricityDistributionInfrastructu
re
ExtractiveEnergyProductionInfras
tructure
ExtractiveEnergyTransportationInf
rastructure
GovernmentStructures
MilitaryVehicles
HealthInfrastructure
Roads
Railroads
BridgesAndTunnels
Seaports
Airports
NonMilitaryVehicles
WaterDistributionInfrastructur
e
WaterAndSewageTreatmentInf
rastructureDams
Pollution
ManMadeDisaster AirMovements EarthMovements
WaterMovementsFire
Temperature
Precipitation/Drought
Day/Night/Season
LandCharacterization
Seastate
TransportationInfra
EnergyInfraWaterInfra ShelterInfraDisaster-ManMade
Condition-ManMade
Obscurant
Disaster-Natural Condition-Natural
ConceptualEnvrionment
Governance
Rights&Freedoms
FactionalDisputesOverall CrimeLegalSystemTradi
tion
Corruption in central authority
HumanRightsDomesticGovtLeg
itimacyStability&Peace
GovtEffectiveness&Fairness
CivilUnrestDeath/Injury of
Combatants from Conflict
ProfessionalismOfArmedForces
Effectiveness of Disarmament
Black&GrayMarkets
MonetaryHealth FinancialSystem InsuranceSystem
ForeignInvestment
EconomicPolicyAvailabilityofAcce
ptableJobsEconomicFounda
tion
FoodSupplyPotableWaterSup
ply
WasteWaterTreatment
PropertyRightsJobRelatedEduca
tionSystem
Death&IllnessFromHealthIssues
Satisfactionof HealthRequireme
nts
StressMigrationFreedomOfMove
mentForcedPopulation
Movement
Safe&SecureEnvironment
SpiritualNeedsToleranceOfStatu
sQuo
Information&EntertainmentAvailabi
lity
PublicRecords&Transparency
InternationalMediaFreedom
OpinionsOfIndividuals
PlanarDimensions
VerticalDimension
Time
ImmediateNeeds
Waterways
GovernmentInfra BusinessInfra
ManufacturingStructures
AgricultureStructures
SocialInfra Geography
Goods&EquipmentEnvironment
AgricultureLivestock&Equipment
CommercialEquipment
Business LegalGovernment Rights Conflict ServicesCognitive Dimensions
GeographicSubdivision
Effectiveness of govt law
enforcement organizations
ConnectionBetweenLawEnforceme
ntAndMilitary
PoliticalPersecution
ForeignConflictNon-
nationStateActorFunding
CriticalIndustriesDrug cultivation
PerceptionOfChangeInSocialStatu
s
PerceptionThatInterestsRepresente
d
KeyIdeas
ChangeInGovtLeadership
Agriculture Production
Energy supply and distribution
ReturnOfExpatriates
Changes in population
composition
NegativeImpact of Intervention (rapes, etc.)
Observation of social
anniversaries
Non-nationStateActor
Recruiting
PoliticalLeaderDecisionMaking
Economic Decision Making
Social issue decision making
Cooperation between govt military and intervenors
General infrastructure
GovernmentDecisionMaking
MilitaryDecisionMaking
GeneralTransportationInfrastructu
re
GeneralEnergyInfrastructure
OverallImmediateNeedsOfThePeopl
e
BasicNaturalResourceManagement
InternationalGovtLegitimacy
EffectivenessOfGovtMilitary
EffectivenessOfCentralAuthority
GeneralEconomy
EconomicStatistics
RelationshipWithIntervenors
CorruptionInMilitary
CorruptionInBusiness
CorruptionInCulture
CorruptionInSocialServices
Drug manufactureDrug
transshipment
Drug use
Common crime
Drug crime Organized crime Political crime
Effectiveness and Fairness of admin
of justice
Corruption in law enforcement
DomesticMediaFreedom
OpinionsChangesOfIndividuals
Death/Injury of Civilians from
Conflict
Property destruction from
conflict
Demobilized armed forces
Resolution of difference by
competing groups
Opposition party use of force
Non-nationStateActorPopularSupport
TrashDisposal
EmploymentLevel
SocialNormsOpinionsOfGroup
s
OpinionsOfPopulations
OpinionsChangesOfGroups
OpinionsChangesOfPopulations
Environment Ontology
ExtractiveEnergyProductionInfras
tructureFinancialSystem
Examples of two environmental elements
Metric Ontology of the State Variables
Metric Ontology Elements• State variables describe the Operational
Environment– Actors
– Actions
– Environment
• Metrics are derived from the Operational Environment ontologies’ elements
– “Train teachers”• Action: state variable giving the impact of the action
– “Migrants”• Conceptual Environment: state variable describing the
extent of existence of migrants
• Significant Group Actor (if so modeled): state variable describing the characteristics of the group
– “Epidemic”• Action: state variable giving the impact of the action
• Physical Actor (if so modeled): state variable describing the extent of the epidemic
– “Flood/Tsunami”• Environmental element ): state variable describing the
extent of the flood/tsunami
• Action (if so modeled): state variable describing the impact of the action
• Physical Actor (if so modeled): state variable describing the characteristics of the flood/tsunami
Operational Environment
Performs
Affects Describedby
Perceivedby
Includes
15
Actor
Actor
PhysicalEnvironment
InfrastructureEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
PoliticalEnvironment
KeyLeader
GovernmentTypeOrganization
PoliticalLeaderProPeaceLeader AgitatorLeader
GeoPoliticalDivision
MilitaryLeader
InterventionForce
GovernmentMilitaryForce
ArmedForce
DemobilizedArmedForce
PrivateSecurityForce
ParamilitaryForce
SocialServicesOrganization
ExternalGovernmentAdvisor
ExternalAgitatorOrganization
JudicialOrganization
LawEnforcementOrganization
DiplomatLeader
IntelligenceServiceOrganization
RegimeSponsoredNonMilitaryArmedOrganization
NonGovernmentArmedLeader
InsurgentOrganization
TerroristOrganization
CriminalLeader
CriminalOrganization
WorkerOrganization
BusinessLeader
EconomicSector
TourismBusiness
NonGovernmentOrganization
NGOLeader EducationLeader
InternallyDisplacedPopul
ation
Migrants(PulledFromOuts
ide)
Refugees(PushedFromOu
tside)
HealthEmergency(FamineEpidemic)
Expatriates
StaticPopulation
FamilyFirstRespoderOrg
anization
SocialLeader SpiritualLeader
MediaLeader
MilitaryVehicleNonMilitaryVehicl
e
AirMovementEarthMovement WaterMovement Fire
Actor-IndividualActor-
SignificantGroupActor-
DemographicGroupActor-
PhysicalActor-
Conceptual
PMESII
InformationEnvironment
OtherIndividual
PoliticalPopulation
SocialFaction ReligiousFactionReligiousPo
pulation
CulturalPopulation
PoliticalFaction
CriminalPopulati
on
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ManMadeDisaster
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MediaBusiness TransportBusiness EnergyBusinessAgricultureBusines
sFinancialServicesB
usiness
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GovtDecisionMakingOrg
InterventionOrganization
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LaborLeader
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Side
GeographicalSubdivision
EconomicDivision MobilePopulation
GeneralPopulation
VehiclesEnvrionment
alPoliticalOrganizat
ionEconomicOrgan
izationSocialOrganizati
on
MarketsServiceBusiness
ManufacturingBusiness
Action
Pr o vid e ad vis o rs t o go vt offi c ia ls
Ed uc a te go ver n me nt s
Tr ain fi rs t r es po nd er s
Tr ain n ew p o liti c al le ade rs Cr e ate go ver nm e nt s Co n du c t e lec ti on s
Su pp ly go ve rn m ent s Co n sti t uti o n c r eati o n
Es t ab lis h, s ta ff & fu n d t ra ns iti o n go vt
Em p loy in te rn ati on al
d iplo m ati c ac ti on s
D es t ab iliz e go ver n me nt
M ed iat e & n ego tia te wi th c on fli c tin g
p ar tie s
M ai nt ain c om p lian c e w it h
p eac e ac c or d m iles t o nes
& c on d itio ns
M o nit or p ow er s ha ri ng
ar r ang em en ts
Tr an s fe r c o nt r ol o f go ver n me nt
fu n cti o nst o h os t na tio n
o ffi c ials
Co n du c t p oli c ing o per ati o ns
( R e)b uild & m on it or law en fo r c em en t
o rga niz a tio n
Tr ain la w en fo r c em en t
p er so nn el
Ch an ge t h e p ena l s ys t em
Ch an ge t h e le gal s ys t em
Pr o vid e ad vis o rs t o p olic e & c r im ina l
ju s tic eo rga niz a tio ns &
s up po r t es t ab lis hm e nt of
o per ati o ns
M o nit or an d re po rt o n c o rr up ti on by
go vto ffi c ials
M o nit or h um an r igh ts p ra c tic e s
Co n du c t w ar c ri me s in ves ti gati o ns,
t rib un als, et c.
Ch an ge p r op er ty p ro c ed ur es
Co n du c t in te rv enti o n P eac e
O p er ati on s
Co n du c t Ir r egu lar W a r
Es t ab lis h d em ilit ar iz ed z on es,
s an c tio ns, an d a rm s
em b ar goe s
Im p lem en t w ea po ns c on t ro l r egim e s
D em o bili ze, r ed uc e, o r r ein t egr at e
m ilit ar y& p ar am ilit ar y un it s
Cr e ate or r ef or m & m on it or m ilit ar y Tr ain m ilit ar y f or c es
Cr e ate or r ef or m & m on it or in te llige nc e
s er vic e s
Tr ain in te llige nc e s er vic e s
Co n du c t m ilit ar y ex er c is es
Co n du c t in te rv enti o n
St ab ilit y O p er ati on s
R eb uild wa te r d is tr ib uti on
R eb uild wa te r & s ew age tr ea tm en t
fa c iliti esR eb uild da m s A tt ac k wat er
d is tr ib uti on
A tt ac k wat er & s ew age tr ea tm en t
fa c iliti esA tt ac k da ms
R eb uild r oad s R eb uild r ailr oa ds R eb uild br id ges a nd t un ne ls
A tt ac k ro ad s A tt ac k ra ilr oad s A tt ac k br id ges an d t un ne ls A tt ac k s eap or t s
R eb uild s eap o rt s R eb uild air p or ts
A tt ac k air po r ts
R eb uild m ed ia in fr as t ru c tu r e
A tt ac k m edi a in fr as t ru c tu r e
R ep air he alt h in fr as t ru c tu r e
A tt ac k he alt h in fr as t ru c tu r e
R eb uild/r ep lac e m il ve hic le s A tt ac k m il veh ic le s
R eb uild ele c tr ic it y p ro du c tio n pla nt s
R eb uild Ext r ac ti ve en er gy
t ra ns p or ta tio n( O il pip elin es)
A tt ac k ele c ric it y p ro du c tio n pla nt s
A tt ac k ele c tr ic it y d is tr ib uti on
A tt ac k Ext ra c tiv e en er gy ( O il) p ro du c tio n
R eb uild ele c tr ic it y d is tr ib uti on
R eb uild Ext r ac ti ve en er gy ( O il) p ro du c tio n
A tt ac k Ext ra c tiv e en er gy
t ra ns p or ta tio n (O il pip elin es)
R eb uild s c ho ols & ed uc a tio n
in fr as t ru c tu r e
A tt ac k s c ho ols & ed uc a tio n
in fr as t ru c tu r e
R eb uild s ho ps & c om m er c ia l
s tr u c tu re s & eq ui pm en t
A tt ac k s ho ps & c om m er c ia l
s tr u c tu re s & eq ui pm en t
Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty f or St ab ilit y ac ti viti e s
Es t ab lis h c on fi de nc e-b uild in g
& s ec u ri tym eas u r es
Sa feg uar d in s tit uti o ns o f
go ver n anc e & ke yo ffi c ials
Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty as s is t an c e t o t he
h os t nati o n
Co n du c t s ec u r ity c oo r din ati on
Pr o vid e fo r c e s ec u ri ty
Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty f or H um a nit ar ian
A s s is ta nc eac ti viti e s
ID , in te rd ic t & in te rr u pt
r ec r uit m en t b yn on- n ati on s ta te
ac t or s
ID fi na nc ia l, in s tit uti o na l & lo c al
s up po r tfo r no n-n ati on s ta te
ac t or s & d is ru pt it
M iti ga te po liti c al & s oc i al in s ta bilit y & in div idu al u nr es t
ac ti o ns b y no n-n ati on
s ta te ac t or s
Pr o vid e c on s eq ue nc e m an age me nt
s up po r t
Cl ear m in es/ p lac e m ine s
Co n du c t p ir ac y an d an ti-p ira c y o per ati o ns
Co n du c t in te rv enti o n
H um a nit ar ian A s s is ta nc e
o per ati o ns
Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty f or Pe ac e O pe ra tio n
ac ti viti e s
ID & in te rd ic t fu n din g o f n on-
n ati on s ta teac t or s
Co n du c t N o n-c om b at an t Ev ac ua tio n O p er ati on s
Su pp or t agr ic ul tu re d ire c tly
Ch an ge a gr ic ult u ra l p olic y
Su pp or t re du c tio n of d ru g c r op s
Im p or t e ne rg y
Cr e ate in su r anc e s ys t em
Cr e ate in te rb an ks p aym en t s y st em Cr e ate ne w c u rr en c y Se ek in ve st m en t
c ap it al
D ev elo p m ic r ofi na nc e
s ys t em sCr e ate s to c k m ar ke t
Pr iv ati ze/N ati o na liz e b us in es s es
Ch an ge g ove rn m en t ec o no m ic po lic y
A s s is te ec o no mi c in te gr ati on & c oo p er ati on
St r eng th en c om m er c ia l law
Ch an ge t ax & t ra de p olic y
Pr o vid e jo b t r ain ing & em p loy me nt fo r
d is c har ge dm ilit ar y p er s on nel
Cr e ate pu bl ic wo rk s p ro gr am s to
ge ner at ejo bs
Ch an ge s o c ial sa fe ty n et
M an age na tu r al r es ou r c es
D ir ec t ext er na l p ar tic ip ati o n in
ec o no m y(b uyin g a nd se llin g
c om m o diti es)
In flu en c e e c on om y ad ver s ely
Im p or t f oo d D is t rib ut e fo od D is t rib ut e wat erPr o vid e s an ita ti on &
wa s te wa te r m an age me nt
D is t rib ut e du ra ble go od s re lief
Co o rd ina te N G O ac ti viti e s
Pr o vid e t em po r ary s he lt er/h ou si ng/
r ef uge ec am p s
R eb uild c ivil ian h ou si ng
Pr e po si tio n h um an ita ri an r e lief
s to c ks
N eg oti at e w/ b ur eau c r ac ies t o g et
r elie f
A tt ac k c ivilia n h ou si ng
Pr o m ot e c ivi c ed uc a tio n
Pr o vid e ed uc a tio n s up pl ies Tr ain t eac h er s Pr o vid e jo b t r ain ing
Su pp or t ho s t n ati on h ealt h c are
Pr o vid e m ed ic al t re at me nt
R ed uc e l ikeli ho od of p op ula tio n
m ov em en tsR es ett l e p eop le
H ea lth Em er ge nc y: fa m ine, ep id em ic,
et c.
Pr o vid e s oc i al p ro te c tio n pr ogr am s
Pr o vid e r ef uge e c am p s ec ur it y
R eb uild c om m u nit y
Pr o vid e an ti-t ra ffi c kin g in
p er so ns
Sp on s or jo ur na lis t t ra inin g &
p ro fe ss io na liz ati o n
Es t ab lis h l iais o n p ro gr am s wit h govt
Co lle c t in fo r ma ti on ( o n in fr a, ec o n, go vt
eff, p er c ept, r ef uge es, et c.)
Co n du c t b en ign p ub lic in fo rm ati o n
o per ati o ns
D is s em in at e in fo rm ati o n
Co n du c t n ega tiv e in fo rm ati o n o per ati o ns
En gag e in c ri min al ac ti viti e s
A tt ac k veh ic les
R eb uild/r ep lac e ve hic le s
R eb uild m ilit ar y s tr u c tu re s
A tt ac k m ilit ar y s tr u c tu re s
R eb uild go ver nm e nt s tr u c tu re s
A tt ac k gov er nm en t s tr u c tu re s
A tt ac k re ligio us fa c iliti es
R eb uild r eligi ou s fa c iliti es
R ed uc e p ol luti o n
Co n du c t t er r or is m an d a nti- an d
c ou n te rt er ro r is m op s
Co n du c t p er s on ne l r ec o ver y o ps
Co n du c t b or de r c on t ro l, b ou nd ar y
s ec u ri tyan d f r eed om o f
m ov em en t
Ki n et ic Ac ti on
s
In f r as tr u c tu r e
Ac t io n sS o c ia lAc ti o nsE c o no m icA ct i
o n sM il ita r yA ct io n sP o li tic a lAc t io n
s
Ac t io n s
In f o rm at io n Ac
t io n s
P o li tic a l-G o v
P o li tic a l-P o l
P o li tic a l-RO L
Ext o rt/s up pr es s p op ula tio n/o pp os iti on
Co n du c t ex tr aju di ci al
ac ti viti e s ( kil ling s, in tim id ati o ns)
P o li tic a l-
O ve r vi ew
M il ita r y- Co n f l
Co n du c t c on ve nti on al w ar
Es t ab lis h o bs e rv er m is s ion s &
in te rp os e fo rc e s
M il ita r y-G o v
M il ita r y- S e c
M il ita r y- O th
E c o no m ic-Ag r i
E c o no m ic-Cr i m e
E c o no m ic-E n e rg y
E c o no m ic-F in a n ce
E c o no m ic-
G o v
E c o no m ic-
J ob s
E c o no m ic- O th
S o c ia l-
Ba s ic Nd s
S o c ia l-E d u
S o c ia l- He a lth
S o c ia l- M o ve
S o c ia l- S a fe ty
S o c ia l- O th
In f o- G en e r al
In f o- M e di a
In f o-O p in io n s
In f o- O p s
In f r as tr u c tu r e-
Bu s in e ss
In f r as tr u c tu r e-
S o c ia l
In f r as tr u c tu r e-
E n e rg y
In f r as tr u c tu r e-G o v
In f r as tr u c tu r e-
T r an s p o rt
In f r as tr u c tu r e-W a t er
L o g is tic s
A c qu ir e eq ui pm en t an d m a te ria l
W a re ho us e eq ui pm en t a nd
m at er ial
D is t rib ut e eq ui pm en t a nd
m at er ial
M o ve p eo ple, eq ui pm en t a nd
m at er ial o n t he gro un d
M o ve p eo ple, eq ui pm en t a nd
m at er ial t h ro ug ht he air
M o ve p eo ple, eq ui pm en t a nd
m at er ial o ve rt he wa te r
M o ve p eo ple, eq ui pm en t a nd
m at er ial u n der t he wa te r
Da m a g e/
At t ri ti on
Ca us e air/s pa c e t o s ub s ur fa c e s ea
d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e air/s pa c e t o gr ou nd/s ea su r fac e
d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e air/s pa c e t o air/s pa c e d am age/
att riti o n
Ca us e gro u nd/s ea s ur f ac e t o
s ub s ur fa c e s ea dam a ge/att riti o n
Ca us e gro u nd/s ea s ur f ac e t o g ro un d/
s ea su r fac e da ma ge/att riti o n
Ca us e gro u nd/s ea s ur f ac e t o a ir/s pa c e
d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e su b su r fac e s ea to s ub s ur fa ce s ea
d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e su b su r fac e s ea to gr ou nd/s ea s ur f ac ed am age/
att riti o n
Ca us e su b su r fac e s ea to air/s pa c e
d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e hig h- yie ld ex plo s ives d am age/
att riti o n
Ca us e c hem ic a l d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e bio log ic al d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e ra dio log ic al d am age/att riti o n
Ca us e c olla te ra l d am age/att riti o n
C4 I
Es t ab lis h s e ns o r p ro c es s es
Es t ab lis h c om m u nic a tio ns
p ro c es s es
Es t ab lis h c o m an d an d c o nt r ol
p ro c es s es
E n v ir o nm en t al
Ac t io n s
At m o s ph e r ic s
G eo m e tr i cs
E a r th, w at er &
o th e r
O b s c ur an ts: fo g a nd m an ma de
A ir m ove me nt/s to r m s: b liz z ar d/h eavy s no wf all;
h ur ic an e/c yc lo ne/t ro pic a l s to r m/ t hu nd er s to rm/
lig ht nin g/wi nd/h ail; t or na do
Ea rt h m o vem e nt: ea rt hq u ake;
lan d sl ide/m ud ls id e/av alan c he; vo lc an ic
er u pti on s
F ir e o r wild fi reW a te r m o vem en t: fl oo d/d am fa ilur e;
t su n am i/s eic h e
M an m ad e: n uc le ar p ow er pla nt/
h az ar do us m at er ials/c he m ic al
em e rge nc y; o th er m an ma de &
t ec hn o logi c ald is as te rs
A tt ac k W at er wa ys
R eb uild W at er w ays
Co n su m e f oo d
Pr o du c e go od s & eq ui pm en t
Co n su m e go od s & eq ui pm en t
Pr o du c e w as te
R eb uild m an uf ac t ur ing
s tr u c tu re s & eq ui pm en t
A tt ac k m an uf ac t ur ing
s tr u c tu re s & eq ui pm en t
R eb uild agr ic u lt ur e s tr u c tu re s,
eq ui pm en t& liv es to c k
A tt ac k agr ic u ltu re s tr u c tu re s,
eq ui pm en t& liv es to c k
Environment
PassiveEnvironment
PhysicalEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
PoliticalEnvironment
MilitaryStructures
Prisons
ShopsAndCommercialStructures
Arable Land
NaturalFeatures
CivilianHousing
MediaI nfrastructure
InfrastructureNaturalEnvironme
ntPMESI I
InformationEnvironment
BasicNaturalResources
IDP/Refuge eCamp
ReligiousBuildings
EducationBuildings
ElectricityProductionPlants
ElectricityDistributionInfrastructu
re
ExtractiveEnergyProductionInfras
tructure
ExtractiveEnergyTransportationInf
rastructure
GovernmentStructures
MilitaryVehicles
HealthInfrastructure
Roads
Railroa ds
BridgesAndTunnels
Seaports
Airports
NonMilitaryVehicles
WaterDistributionInfra structur
e
WaterAndSewageTreatmentInf
rastructureDams
Pollution
ManMa deDisaster AirMov ements EarthM ovements
WaterMovementsFire
Temperature
Precipitation /Drought
Day/Night/Season
LandCharacterization
Seastate
Transportation EnergyWater ShelterDisaster-ManMa de
Condition -ManMa de
Obscurant
Disaster-Natural Condition -Natural
ConceptualEnvrionment
Governance
PoliticalRights&Freedoms
PoliticalDisputesCrimeLegalSystemTradi
tion
Corruption
HumanRightsGovtLegitimacy Stability&Peace
GovtEffectiveness&Fairness
CivilUnrestComba tDeath/
Injury/DestructionMilitaryQuality
DisarmamentDemobiliationReconst
itution
Black &GrayM arkets
MonetaryHealth
FinancialSystem InsuranceSystem
ForeignInvestment
EconomicPolicy JobsSituationEconomicStatus
FoodSupplyPotableWaterSup
ply
Trash&SewageSystems
PropertyRights EducationSystem
Death&Illness FromHealthIssues
HealthSystem
StressMigration
FreedomOfMovement ForcedPopulation
Movement
Safe&SecureEnvironment
SpiritualNeedsToleranceOfStatu
sQuo
Information &EntertainmentAvailabi
lity
PublicRecords&TransparencyMediaFreedom
OpinionsOfPopulations /Groups/
Individuals
PlanarDimensions
VerticalDimension
Time
ImmediateNeeds
Waterways
Government GeneralBusiness
ManufacturingStructures
AgricultureStructures
Social Geography
Goods&EquipmentEnvironment
AgricultureLivestock&Equipment
CommercialEquipment
Business LegalGovernment Rights Conflic t ServicesOpinion Dimensions
GeographicSubdivision
LegalEffectiveness
Conne ctionBetweenLawEnforceme
ntAndMilitary
PoliticalPersecution
ForeignConflict
Non-nationStateActorFundingRecruitin
gSupport
Critica lIndustriesDrug Business
PerceptionOfChangeInSocialStatu
s
PerceptionThatInterestsRepresente
d
KeyIdeas&Norms
ChangeInGovtLeadership
Agriculture Production
Energy supply and distribution
ReturnOfExpatriates
Changes in population
composition
NegativeImpact of Intervention (rapes, etc .)
Observation of social
anniversaries
Resolution of differences, force
PoliticalLeaderDecisionMaking
Economic Decision Making
Social issue decisi on making
Relationships with intervenors
General infrastructure
Metric
Metric Ontology
Action Ontology
EnvironmentOntology
Actor Ontology
Creating Metric Types
Action
Change in State of Environment
Described by
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
LOE #
Actor
Nature of ActorDescribed by
Actor Subcategory
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
LOE #
Environmental Element
State of Environment
Described by
Environment Subcategory
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
LOE #
Metric Properties
17
Metric
SampleMetricValue1
FULL FILENAME
C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY\IWMETRICS ONTOLOGY DESIGN 031011.VSD
«instance»
Metric Type Attributes (DL9)
Metric Value Qualifiers (DL10)
· describesOpEnvElt (in OF02)· impactedByLOE (in OF08)· versionInfo (OWL annotation property)· classificationLevel (annotation property)· associatedHSCBtaxonomyElement (annotation property)
Dublin Core Metadata Properties
Dublin Core Metadata Properties
· subjectOrganization · subjectLocation · trustLevel · relatedCOCOM · unitOfMeasure · metricValue · relatedDoSRegionalBureau · relatedDoSFunctionalBureau · responsibleOrganization · collectionSystemUsed · sourceMetricValue · valueRepresentation· beginningDateTime· endingDateTime· valueDatatype · derivedMetric· dateCollected· transformedMetric· obtainedFrom· dateObtained
Example Mapping of Political Environment to Associated Metric Types
18
Political Environment
Governance
CentralAuthorityEffectivenessRating
ConstitutionReformProgressMoP
ElectionsConductedProgressMoP
ExternalGovtAdvisorsMoP
FirstRespondersActivityRating
FirstRespondersJobsCreatedMoP
FirstRespondersTrainedProgressMoP
GovernanceRating
GovtDecisionAuthRating
GovtDecisionMakingRating
GovtDestabilizationActivityMoP
GovtLeaderChangeRating
GovtPersonnelEducatedProgressMoP
GovtReformProgressMoP
GovtSuppliesDeliveredMoP
InternatnlDiploActionsMoP
PoliticalLeadersTrainedProgressMoP
RelationshipWithIntervenorsRating
SocialServicesAdequacyRating
TransitionGovtCreationProgressMoP
Overview
CivilStabilityAndDurablePeaceLevelRatingMoPE
GovtDomesticLegitimacyRatingMoFE
GovtInternatnlLegitimacyRating
InstitutionsOfGovernanceEffectivenessAndFairnessRatingMoFE
KeyLeaderDiplomatsRating
SideActivityRating
Politics
ComplianceWithPeaceAccordsMoP
ExternalAntiPeaceForcesActivityRating
FactionalDisputeRating
FreedomRating
GovtTypeOrganizationActivityRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalAntiPeaceRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalDecisionMakingRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalProPeaceRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalRating
MediationAndNegotiationsMoP
OppositionPartyUseOfForceRating
PoliticalPersecutionRating
PowersharingMonitoringMoP
ResolutionOfDifferencesByCompetingGroupsRating
TransferOfControlToHNProgressMoP
Rule of Law
AdministrationOfJusticeEffectivenessAndFairnessRating
CommonCrimeRating
ConnectionBetweenPoliceAndMilitaryRating
CorruptionInCentralAuthorityRating
CorruptionInLawEnforcementRating
CorruptionInPublicOfficeRating
CorruptionInSocialServicesRating
CourtTypeOrganizationRating
DrugCrimeRating
ExternalJusticeAdvisorsMoP ExtortionEtcActivityMoP
ExtrajudicialActivityMoP
GovtCorruptionMonitoringMoP
GovtPoliceForcesEffectivenssRating
HumanRightsMonitoringMoP LawEnforcementOrganizationRating
LegalSystemReformProgressMoP
LegalSystemTradition
OrganizedCrimeRating
OverallCrimeRating
PenalSystemReformProgressMoP
PoliceForceReformProgressMoP
PolicemenJobsCreatedMoP
PolicemenTrainedProgressMoP
PolicingOperationsActivityMoP
PoliticalCrimeRating
PrisonStructureAdequacyRating
PropertyReformProgressMoP
ProtectionOfHumanRightsRating
WarCrimesActivitiesProgressMoP
GovernanceRating
CorruptionInLawEnforcementRating
Connections to secondary PMESII Subcategories are not shown
LOEs Selected for the Ontology
19
Source: mapping from
metric type to LOE (DL7)
Metric
FreedomRating KeyLeaderPoliticalRating
SampleMetricValue1 SampleMetricValue2 SampleMetricValue3
«instance»«instance» «instance»
OperationalEnvironmentCharacteristic
ImpactedByLOE
SMVAID001 SMVAID002 SMVAID003
Source: taxonomy of operational
environment characteristics (DL1)
Source: list of metrics
types in TRAC catalog
(DL2)
Source: list of sample metric values (DL8)
Source: mapping from
metric type to
operational environment
element (DL3)
More items than shown
Directly entered items
Content maintained in database
DL Design List
author
Source: tables listing metric
type annotation attribute
properties including Dublin
Core (DL9)
Source: tables listing metric
value qualifier properties
including Dublin Core (DL10)
value
units
LineOfEffort
Source: list of LOEs (DL6)
Metrics Categories (based on PMESII+)
Metrics Categories (based on LOEs)
Metrics
impactedBy
Subclass
Property
Legend
FULL FILENAME
C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY DESIGN DIAGRAMS\IWMETRICS ONTOLOGY DESIGN 070711.VSD
FreedomHouseFreedomRating AfghanPresidentPoliticalRatingSource: list of metrics
types used in TWG
(DL20)
EnvironmentCharacteristic
PoliticalEnvironmentCharacteristic
GovernanceCharacteristic
EconomicEnvironmentCharacteristic
Metric Ontology Class/Property Design
20
OperationalEnvironment
Ontology
Line of EffortOntology State
VariablesOntology
TRAC IWMetric
Ontology
MetricsEmployedOntology
SampleInstance
File
Beyond the Ontology
Model of ~400 Metric Types + DIME Actions
GovtDecisionAuthorityRating
GovernanceRating
GovtLeaderChangeRating
CentralAuthorityEffectivenessRating
SocialServicesAdequacyRating
GovtDecisionMakingRating
RelationshipWithIntervenorsRating
Provide advisors to govt officials
Educate governments
Train first responders
Train new political leaders
Create governments
Conduct elections
Supply governments
Constitution creation
Establish, staff & fund transition govt
Employ international
diplomatic actions
Destabilize government
KeyLeaderPoliticalDecisionMakingRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalProPeaceRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalAntiPeaceRating
ExternalAntiPeaceForcesActivityRating
OppositionPartyUseOfForceRating
FactionalDisputeRating
ResolutionOfDifferencesByCompetingGr
oupsRating
Mediate & negotiate with conflicting
partiesMaintain compliance with
peace accord milestones
& conditions
Monitor power sharing
arrangements
Transfer control of government
functionsto host nation
officials
CommonCrimeRating
DrugCrimeRating
OrganizedCrimeRating
OverallCrimeRating
CorruptionInCultureRating
CorruptionInSocialServicesRating
CorruptionInLawEnforcementRating
Conduct policing operations
(Re)build & monitor police force
Train police forces
Assist in establishing humane penal
systems
Assist in establishing/
reforming legitimatelegal system
Provide advisors to police & criminal
justiceorganizations &
support establishment of
operations
Monitor and report on corruption by
govtofficials
Monitor human rights practices
Conduct war crimes investigations,
tribunals, etc.
Extort/suppress population/opposition
Reform property procedures
CorruptionInCentralAuthorityRating
ConnectionBetweenPoliceAndMilitaryRa
ting
GovtPoliceForcesEffectivenessRating
PrisonStructureAdequacyRating
ProtectionOfHumanRightsRating
AdministrationOfJusticeEffectivenessAnd
FairnessRating
SideActivityRating
GovtDomesticLegitimacyRatingMoFE
GovtInternationalInternatnlLegitimacyRa
ting
InstitutionsOfGovernanceEffectivenessAndFairnessRatingMo
FE
CivilStabilityAndDurablePeaceLevelRatin
gMoPE
CivilUnrestLevelRatingMoFE
ConflictCivilianDeathAndInjuryRating
ConflictCombatantDeathAndInjuryRating
ConflictPropertyDestructionRating
DisarmamentEffectivenessRating
Conduct intervention Peace
Operations
Conduct Irregular War
Establish demilitarized zones,
sanctions, and arms
embargoes
Establish observer missions &
interpose forces
Implement weapons control regimes
CooperationBetweenHNMilitaryAndInte
rvenorsRating
RegimeSponsoredNonMilitaryArmedFor
cesActivityRating
DemobilizedArmedForcesActivityRating
ArmedForcesProfessionalismRating
HNMilitaryEffectivenessRatingMoFE
Demobilize, reduce, or reintegrate
military& paramilitary units
Create or reform & monitor military
Train military forces
Create or reform & monitor intelligence
services
Train intelligence services
Conduct military exercises
Conduct intervention
Stability Operations
WaterDistributionInfraCapacityRating
WaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraCapacit
yRating
DamsCapacityRating
Rebuild water lines
Rebuild water & sewage treatment
facilities
Rebuild dams
Attack water lines
Attack water & sewage treatment
facilities
Attack dams
TransportInfraCapacityRating
RoadCapacityRating
RailroadCapacityRating
Rebuild roads
Rebuild railroads
Rebuild bridges and tunnels
Attack roads
Attack railroads
Attack bridges and tunnels
BridgeAndTunnelCapacityRating
SeaportCapacityRating
AirportCapacityRating
Attack seaports
Rebuild seaports
Rebuild airports
Attack airports
MediaInfraCapacityRating
Rebuild telecommunications
Attack telecommunications
HealthInfraCapacityRating
Repair health infrastructure
Attack health infrastructure
GovtStructuresCapacityRating
Rebuild/replace mil vehicles
Attack mil vehicles
ElectricProductionCapacityRating
GeneralEnergyInfraCapacityRating
Rebuild electricity production plants
Rebuild Extractive energy
transportation(Oil pipelines)
Attack elecricity production plants
Attack electricity distribution
ElectricDistributionCapacityRating
ExtractiveEnergyProductionCapacityRati
ng
ExtractiveEnergyTransportCapacityRatin
g
Attack Extractive energy (Oil) production
Rebuild electricity distribution
Rebuild Extractive energy (Oil) production
Attack Extractive energy
transportation (Oil pipelines)
EducationInfraCapacityRating
Rebuild schools & education
infrastructure
Attack schools & education
infrastructure
BusinessInfraCapacityRating
Rebuild shops & commercial structures
Attack shops & commercial structures
Provide security for Stability activities
Establish confidence-building
& securitymeasures
Safeguard institutions of
governance & keyofficials
Provide security assistance to the
host nation
Conduct security coordination
Provide force security
Provide security for Humanitarian
Assistanceactivities
KeyLeaderMilitaryDecisionMakingRating
ParamilitaryForcesActivityRating
InsurgentsActivityRating
TerroristsActivityRating
CorruptionInMilitaryRating
ID, interdict & interrupt
recruitment bynon-nation state
actors
ID financial, institutional & local
supportfor non-nation state actors & disrupt it
Mitigate political & social instability & individual unrest actions by non-
nationstate actors
Provide consequence management
supportClear mines/ place
mines
Conduct anti-piracy operations
Conduct intervention
Humanitarian Assistanceoperations
Provide security for Peace Operation
activities
ID & interdict funding of non-
nation stateactors
Conduct Non-combatant Evacuation Operations
AgProductionRating
AgBusinessRating
Support agriculture directly
Reform agricultural policy
Support reduction of drug crops
DrugUseRating
DrugCultivationRating
DrugManufactureRating
DrugTransshipmentRating
BlackMarketActivityRating
CorruptionInBusinessRating
Import energy
EnergySupplyAndDistributionLevelRating
EnergyBusinessRating
MonetaryHealthRating
FinancialSystemRating
FinancialBusinessRating
ForeignInvestmentLevelRating
Create insurance system
Create interbanks payment system Create new currency
Seek investment capital
Develop microfinance
systemsCreate stock market
GovernmentEconomicPolicyRating
Assist targeted privatization
Reform government economic policy
Assiste economic integration & cooperation
Strengthen commercial law
Reform tax & trade policy
AcceptableJobAvailabilityRating
EmploymentLevelRating
Provide job training & employment for
dischargedmilitary personnel
Create public works programs to
generatejobs
Reform social safety net
KeyLeaderEconomicDecisionMakingRati
ng
MarketsRating Manage natural resources
Direct external participation in
economy(buying and selling
commodities)
Influence economy adversely
GeneralEconomyRatingMoFE
BasicNaturalResourceCapacityRating
CriticalIndustriesRating
EconomicStatisticsRating
TransportBusinessRating
TourismIndustryRating
CommercialSectorRating
MediaBusinessRating
FoodSupplyRating
PotableWaterSupplyRating
CivilianHousingCapacityRating
PropertyOwnershipRating
Import food
Distribute food
Distribute water
Provide sanitation & waste water management
Distribute non-food relief
Coordinate NGO activities
OverallImmediateNeedsOfThePeopleSat
isfiedMoFE
Provide temporary shelter/housing/
refugeecamps
Rebuild civilian housing
Preposition humanitarian relief
stocks
Negotiate w/ bureaucracies to get
relief
Attack civilian housing
JobRelatedEducationSystemRating
Promote civic education
Provide education supplies
Train teachers
Provide job help
DeathAndIllnessFromHealthIssuesRatin
g
Support health nation health care
Provide medical treatment
SatisfactionOfHealthRequirementsRating
InternallyDisplacedPopulationActivityRat
ing
Reduce likelihood of population movements
Resettle people
MigrantsActivityRating
StressMigrationActivityRating
FreedomOfMovementRating
RefugeeCampsCapacityRating
ReturnOfExpatriatesRating
ExpatriatesActivityRating
ChangesInPopulationCompositionRating
Health Emergency: famine, epidemic,
etc.
GovtTypeOrganizationActivityRating
KeyLeaderPoliticalRating
InterventionForcesActivityRating
GovernmentMilitaryForcesActivityRating
IntelligenceServicesRating KeyLeaderMilitaryR
ating
KeyLeaderNonGovtArmedRating
CriminalsActivityRating
WorkersActivityRating
KeyLeaderBusinessRating
NGOActivityRating
KeyLeaderNGORating
KeyLeaderEducationRating
Provide social protection programs
Provide refugee camp security
PerceptionOfSafeAndSecureEnvironmen
tMoFE
Rebuild community
Provide anti-trafficking in
persons
SocialIssueDecisionMakingRating
ObservationOfSocialAnniversariesRating
PerceptionByPeopleThatTheirInterestsAreRepresentedRating
PerceptionByPeopleOfChangesInTheirSo
cialStatusRatingSatisfactionOfPeoplesSpritualtNeedsRat
ing
ToleranceByPeopleOfTheStatusQuoMoFE
FamilyActivityRating
KeyLeaderSocialAndSpiritualRating
SocialNormsInfluenceRating
KeyIdeasInfluenceRating
GroupActivityRating
InformationAndEntertainmentAvailabilit
yRating
FreedomOfDomesticMediaRating
FreedomOfInternationalMediaRating
KeyLeaderMediaRating
Sponsor journalist training &
professionalization
PopulationOpinionRating
SignificantGroupOpinionRating
KeyLeaderOpinionRating
PopulationOpinionChangeRating
SignificantGroupOpinionChangeRating
KeyLeaderOpinionChangeRating
Establish liaison programs with govt
Collect information (on infra, econ, govt
eff, percept, refugees, etc.)
Conduct benign public information
operations
Disseminate information
Conduct negative information operations
GeneralPopulationActivityRating
Engage in criminal activities
WaterDistributionInfraCapacityRebuiltM
oP
WaterDistributionInfraJobsCreatedMoP
WaterDistributionInfraInvestmentMoP
WaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraCapacit
yRebuiltMoP
WaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraJobsCr
eatedMoPWaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraInvest
mentMoP
DamsInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP
DamsInfraJobsCreatedMoP
DamsInfraInvestmentMoP
WaterDistributionInfraCapacityAttacked
MoP
WaterAndSewageInfraCapacityAttacked
MoP
DamsInfraCapacityAttackedMoP
AirportCapacityAttackedMoP
SeaportCapacityAttackedMoP
BridgeAndTunnelCapacityAttackedMoP
RailroadCapacityAttackedMoP
RoadCapacityAttackedMoP
AirportCapacityRebuiltMoP
AirportJobsCreatedMoP
AirportInvestmentMoP
Attack vehicles
Rebuild/replace vehicles
NonMilVehiclesCapacityAttackedMoP
NonMilVehiclesCapacityRebuiltMoP
NonMilVehiclesJobsCreatedMoP
NonMilVehiclesInvestmentMoP
SeaportCapacityRebuiltMoP
SeaportJobsCreatedMoP
SeaportInvestmentMoP
BridgesAndTunnelsCapacityRebuiltMoP
BridgesAndTunnelsJobsCreatedMoP
BridgesAndTunnelsInvestmentMoP
RailroadCapacityRebuiltMoP
RailroadJobsCreatedMoP
RailroadInvestmentMoP
RoadsCapacityRebuiltMoP
RoadsJobsCreatedMoP
RoadsInvestmentMoP
MediaInfraCapacityAttackedMoP
MediaInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP
MediaInfraJobsCreatedMoP
MediaInfraInvestmentMoP
HealthInfraCapacityAttackedMoP
HealthInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP
HealthInfraJobsCreatedMoP
HealthInfraInvestmentMoP
MilitaryStructuresCapacityRating
MilitaryVehiclesCapacityRating
Rebuild military structures
Attack military structures
Rebuild government structures
Attack government structures
MilitaryVehiclesCapacityAttackedMoP
MilitaryStructuresCapacityAttackedMoP
GovtStructuresCapacityAttackedMoP
MilitaryVehiclesCapacityRebuiltMoP
MilitaryVehiclesJobsCreatedMoP
MilitaryVehiclesInvestmentMoP
MilitaryStructuresCapacityRebuiltMoP
MilitaryStructuresJobsCreatedMoP
MilitaryStructuresInvestmentMoP
GovtStructuresCapacityRebuiltMoP
GovtStructuresJobsCreatedMoP
GovtStructuresInvestmentMoP
ExtractiveEnergyTransportCapacityAttac
kedMoPExtractiveEnergyTransportCapacityRebui
ltMoP
ExtractiveEnergyTransportJobsCreatedM
oPExtractiveEnergyTransportInvestmentM
oP
ExtractiveEnergyProductionCapacityAtta
ckedMoPExtractiveEnergyProductionCapacityReb
uiltMoP
ExtractiveEnergyProductionJobsCreated
MoPExtractiveEnergyProductionInvestment
MoP
ElectricProductionCapacityAttackedMoP
ElectricProductionCapacityRebuiltMoP
ElectricProductionJobsCreatedMoP
ElectricProductionInvestmentMoP
ElectricDistributionCapacityAttackedMo
P
ElectricDistributionCapacityRebuiltMoP
ElectricDistributionJobsCreatedMoP
ElectricDistributionInvestmentMoP
EducationInfraCapacityAttackedMoP
EducationInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP
EducationInfraJobsCreatedMoP
EducationInfraInvestmentMoP
BusinessInfraCapacityAttackedMoP
BusinessInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP
BusinessInfraJobsCreatedMoP
BusinessInfraInvestmentMoP
NegativePRActivitiesMoP
PositivePRActivitiesMoP
InformationDisseminationActivitiesMoP
GovtLiaisonProgramActivitiesMoP
InformationCollectionActivitiesMoP
JournalistTrainingAndProfessionalization
ActivityMoP
NonMilVehiclesCapacityRating
NegativeImpactOfInterventionRating
PublicRecordsTransparencyRating
ReligiousBuildingsCapacityRating Attack religious
facilities
Rebuild religious facilities
RebuildSenseOfCommunityActivitiesMo
P
ReligiousBuildingsCapacityAttackMoP
ReligiousBuildingsCapacityRebuildingPro
gressMoP
AntiTraffickingInPersonsActivityMoP
SocialProtectionProgramsActivityMoP
RefugeeCampSecurityActivityMoP
AntiPopulationMovementActivitiesMoP
ResettledPeopleProgressMoP
ForcedPopulationMovementRating
IllnessCausedByFamineEpidemicMoP
HealthCareProjectsProgressMoP
MedicalTreatmentProvidedMoP
GeneralJobsCreatedMoP
EducationSuppliesCreatedMoP
CivicEducationProjectsActivityMoP
TeachersTrainedProgressMoP
TeacherJobsCreatedMoP
PollutionRating
TrashDisposalRating
Reduce pollution
CivilianHousingCapacityAttackedMoP
NegotiationWBureaucraciesActivitiesMo
P
HumanitarianReliefStockPrepositionedM
oP
CivilianHousingCapacityRebuiltMoP
TemporaryShelterCapacityProvidedMoP
NGOActivityCoordinationActivitiesMoP
NonFoodDistributedMoP
PollutionReductionProjectsMoP
SanitationAndWasteWaterProjectsProgr
essMoP
WaterDistributedMoP
FoodDistributedMoP
FoodImportedMoP
EconomicAttackActivityMoP
CommodityInvestmentMoP
NaturalResourceManagementProgressM
oP
PublicWorksInvestmentMoP
PublicWorksJobsCreatedMoP
SocialSafetyNetReformProgressMoP
DischargedMilitaryTrainedProgressMoP
DischargedMilitaryJobsCreatedMoP
TaxAndTradeReformProgressMoP
CommercialLawReformProgressMoP
EconomicIntegrationProgressMoP
EconomicPolicyReformProgressMoP
PrivatizationProgressMoP
StockMarketReformProgressMoP
MicrofinanceSystemReformProgressMoP
InvestmentCapitalActionsMoP
CurrencyReformProgressMoP
InterbanksPaymentSystemReformProgre
ssMoP
InsuranceSystemReformProgressMoP
EnergyImportationProgressMoP
CriminalActivityMoP
ArableLandCapacityRating
DrugCropReductionProgressMoP
AgPolicyReformProgressMoP
AgInvestmentMoP
AgSupportActivityMoP
AgProductTransactionsLevelMoP
PrivateSecurityForcesActivityRating
Conduct anti- and counterterrorism
ops
NEOActivityMoP
HAActivityMoP
AntiPiracyActivityMoP
MineLevelActivityMoP
ConsequenceManagementActivityMoP
InstabilityMitigationActivityMoP
SupportReductionForNonNationStateAct
orsActivityMoP
RecruitingReductionByNonNationStateA
ctorsActivityMoP
FundingReductionOfNonNationStateActo
rsActivityMoP
AntiAndCounterTerrorismActivityMoP
Conduct personnel recovery ops
PersonnelRecoveryActivityMoP
SecurityForStabilityActivityMoP
SecurityForPOActivityMoP
SecurityForHAActivityMoP
ForceSecurityActivityMoP
SecurityCoordinationActivityMoP
SecurityAssistanceActivityMoP
SafeguardingActivityMoP
ConfidenceBuildingActivityMoP
StabilityOpsActivityMoP
MilitaryExercisesActivityMoP
IntelServceJobsCreatedMoP
IntelServiceTrainedProgressMoP
IntelServiceReformProgressMoP
MilitaryJobsCreatedMoP
MilitaryTrainedProgressMoP
MilitaryReformProgressMoP
DemobProcessProgressMoP
ForeignConflictActivityRating
Conduct border control, boundary
securityand freedom of
movement
Conduct intervention Peace
Operations
BorderControlActivityMoP
WeaponsControlActivityMoP
ObserverMissionsActivityMoP
DemilZonesEtcActivityMoP
IWActivityMoP
PeaceOpsActivityMoP
ConventionalWarActivityMoP
KeyLeaderDiplomatsRating
PoliticalCrimeRating
LawEnforcementOrganizationRating
PoliticalPersecutionRating
LegalSystemTradition
CourtTypeOrganizationRating
Conduct extrajudicial
activities (killings, intimidations)
ExtrajudicialActivityMoP
ExtortionEtcActivityMoP
PropertyReformProgressMoP
PolicemenTrainedProgressMoP
WarCrimesActivitiesProgressMoP
HumanRightsMonitoringMoP
GovtCorruptionMonitoringMoP
ExternalJusticeAdvisorsMoP
LegalSystemReformProgressMoP
PenalSystemReformProgressMoP
PolicemenJobsCreatedMoP
PoliceForceReformProgressMoP
PolicingOperationsActivityMoP
TransferOfControlToHNProgressMoP
PowerSharingMonitoringMoP
ComplianceWithPeaceAccordsMoP
MediationAndNegotiationsMoP
FirstRespondersActivityRating
FreedomRating
GovtDestabilizationActivityMoP
InternatnlDiploActionsMoP
TransitionGovtCreationProgressMoP
FirstRespondersTrainedProgressMoP
ConstitutionReformProgressMoP
GovtSuppliesDeliveredMoP
ElectionsConductedProgressMoP
GovtReformProgressMoP
PoliticalLeadersTrainedProgressMoP
FirstRespondersJobsCreatedMoP
GovtPersonnelEducatedProgressMoP
ExternalGovtAdvisorsMoP
DerivedFrom
xxxMoP: state resulting from an
Action
Action
State of Environment
State of an Actor
Metric subject to data acquisition
MoFE or MoPE
Derived metric
Intervention Justice
Intervention Agriculture
Intervention Central Authority
Intervention LE corruption
Intervention critical industries
Intervention displaced pop
Intervention Education
Intervention Energy
Intervention Financial
Intervention Food
Intervention Connector
Intervention Investment
Intervention Media
Intervention Police
Intervention Govt Military
Intervention Health
Intervention Housing
Intervention Water
Intervention Social Services
Intervention Telecom
Intervention Jobs
FirstRespondersInvestmentMoP
PolicemenInvestmentMoP
MilitaryInvestmentMoP
IntelServiceInvestmentMoP
Intervention Transition
Intervention Peace Operations
Intervention Policing
Intervention govt corruption
Intervention social services corruption
Intervention Demobilization
Intervention Crime
Intervention military retraining
Intervention natural resources
Intervention PR Intervention Negative PR
Intervention Health Infrastructure
Intervention Terrorism & Insurgency
Intervention Operations
GeneralInfrastructureRatingMoFE
EconomyFoundationRatingMoFE
DIME Actions
1. Rebuild roads
2. Road capacity created
2. Road jobs created
2. Road $ investment
3. HN road capacity
3. HN acceptable jobs
3. HN foreign investment
1. LOE 5 Endstate Economy & Infrastructure
2. HN Economy
2. HN Infrastructure
Using the Ontologies
• Create Use Cases– Use lists
• Identify what should be modeled: need list of metric types
• Identify what data are needed for making decisions: need list of LOE related metric types
• Enhance communication and analyze results of model execution: need list of metric types related to model
– VV&A support: need Operational Environment ontologies – Model support: need “model” connections added to ontology– Query ontology for …TBD
• Implement Use Cases– Identify what can be done with current capabilities– Identify what new capabilities are needed– Group capabilities by Use Case– Estimate costs for creating capability groups– Rank potential follow-on projects
23
Done for TRAC IW TWG
Metric Ontology
Action Ontology
EnvironmentOntology
Actor Ontology
One Use Case
Action
Change in State of Environment
Described by
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
LOE #
Actor
Nature of ActorDescribed by
Actor Subcategory
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
LOE #
Environmental Element
State of Environment
Described by
Environment Subcategory
PMESII Environment
PMESII Environment
LOE #
ModelSelect actionbased on LOEand desired impact
Observe impactsbased on model
Select actorbased on nature
Dr. Dean S. Hartley III
Hartley Consulting
DSHartley3@comcast.net
Questions?
From the hills of East Tennessee
BACKUP SLIDES
04/11/23 26Ontology Design
Citations
24 Jan 2011 27IW Metrics Ontology
DoingWindows Bradd C. Hayes and Jeffrey I. Sands, Doing Windows: Non-Traditional Military Responses to Complex Emergencies. CCRP, Washington, DC. 1998.
ISSM Dean S. Hartley III, Operations Other Than War (OOTW) Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies (FAST) Prototype Toolbox: ISSM v4.00 Analysts' Guide. DRC, Orlando, FL. 2006.
VV&A Tool Dean S. Hartley III, DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool (Software). Hartley Consulting, Oak Ridge, TN. 2009.
OCRS Matrix Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization, "Post-Conflict Reconstruction Essential Tasks." US Dept of State, Washington, DC. 2005. http://www.crs.state.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.display&id=10234c2e-a5fc-4333-bd82-037d1d42b725
MPICE Michael Dziedzic, Barbara Sotirin, and John Agoglia, Measuring Progress in Conflict Environments (MPICE): A Metrics Framework for Assessing Conflict Transformation and Stabilization, Version 1.0. US Institute for Peace, Washington, DC. 2008.
Hilson Roger Hilson, et al., Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite. Office of the Secretary of Defense Modeling & Simulation Steering Committee, Washington, DC. 2009.
IWDecomp2009 IW Decomposition Analytic Strategy, TRAC, Overview Briefing for IW WG, 6 January 2009
Corruption Dean S. Hartley III, "Corruption in Afghanistan: Conceptual Model," 21 August 2010
Metrics v3 Metrics v3.xls from TRAC
PRIME PRIME Taxonomy from SRI
HSCB HSCB Taxonomy from Gary Klein, Mitre
File Contents
Operational Environment Elements (DL1)
04/11/23 29Ontology Design
Metrics Types (DL2)
04/11/23 30Ontology Design
Mapping Operational Environment to Metrics (DL3)
04/11/23 31Ontology Design
Sample Metric Values (DL8)
04/11/23 32Ontology Design
Metric Type (Attribute) Properties (DL9)
Property Name in Ontology DescriptiondescribesOpEnvElt identifies the PMESII category by indicating the element of the
Operational Environment being described
impactedByLOE identifies an LOE whose execution impacts the values of metrics of this type
versionInfo (OWL annotation property)
configuration management information (initially just a version number in a string)
classificationLevel initially a string indicating level (e.g., “Unclassified”) (eventually BAH’s ISM3 ontology properties)
associatedHSCBtaxonomyElement descriptor identifying associated HSCB taxonomy
04/11/23 33Ontology Design
Metric Value (Qualifier) Properties (DL10)
Property Name in Ontology DescriptionsubjectOrganization organization being described by the metric valuesubjectLocation location being described by the metric valuetrustLevel trust level with 10 being absolute trust and 0 being no trustrelatedCOCOM COCOM related to metric valueunitOfMeasure initially a string identifying the units of measure for the metric valuemetricValue the metric value itselfrelatedDoSRegionalBureau name of related Department of State regional bureaurelatedDoSFunctionalBureau name of related Department of State functional bureauresponsibleOrganization organization responsible for geographic areacollectionSystemUsed identification of system used to obtain datasourceMetricValue reference to another metric value used to derive the metric’s valuevalueRepresentation explanation of value meanings (e.g., data type or Likert scale from 1-5 with
explanation of values)beginningDateTime Beginning of time period being describedendingDateTime End of time period being describedvalueDatatype Indication of datatype used to describe metric valuederivedMetric yes indicates the value was derived from other valuesdateCollected date that metric value was collectedtransformedMetric yes indicates that the metric value was a transformation of another metric valueobtainedFrom initially a string indicating source of information (e.g., “Wikipedia”)dateObtained date on which metric value was obtained
04/11/23 34Ontology Design
Dublin Core Properties
Property Name in Ontology Descriptioncontributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.
creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.
description An account of the resource.
format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
language A language of the resource. publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available.
relation A related resource.
rights Information about rights held in and over the resource.
source A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
subject The topic of the resource.
title A name given to the resource.
type The nature or genre of the resource. 04/11/23 35Ontology Design
HSCB Taxonomy Items (DL4)
04/11/23 36Ontology Design
Metrics to HSCB Taxonomy Mapping (DL5)
04/11/23 37Ontology Design
What is Ontology?
Ontologies Provide Benefits
• Textual descriptions are ambiguous
• More formal representations enable more automated solutions
• Ontologies form a type of “compromise” between human readable text and computer processable data
• Relationships and restrictions between classes help support inferencing and “discovery” of additional facts
39February 7-10, 2011 39HSCB Focus 2011
From: (Uschold, 2003)
What is an Ontology?
• Gruber Definition– An ontology is a “formal
specification of a conceptualization”
– That is, a formally described, machine readable collection of terms and their relationships expressed with a language in a document file
• Computer science literature differentiates– Terminological components
(Tbox)
– Assertional components (Abox)
February 7-10, 2011 40HSCB Focus 2011
Domain Ontology
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Class 4 Class 5
Class 6 Class 7
specified bymodeled by
describes
Conceptualization
Tbox Abox
Fact InstancesOntology
compliant with
Semantic Spectrum
24 Jan 2011 41IW Metrics Ontology
From: (Uschold, 2003)
Knowledge Representation Spectrum
From: Deborah L. McGuinness. "Ontologies Come of Age". In Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.
24 Jan 2011 42IW Metrics Ontology
Naming the Problem
• End-state goals
• Status vector
• Actions to change status
• Interactions of above
• Describe with taxonomy
• Add properties
• Interactions are a model
43IW Metrics Ontology
Goal 1Goal 2
Goal 3
Noun 1
Noun 2
Noun 3
Noun 4
Noun 5
Verb 1
Verb 2
Verb 3
Interactions
AdjectivesNumbers
AdjectivesNumbers
AdjectivesNumbers
AdjectivesNumbers
AdjectivesNumbers
Taxonomy
Model
Ontology Concepts• Information representation
– Class
– Property
– Individual
• Relations between representations– Is an instance of (membership)
– Has value for
– Restrict (helps define class)
• Relations within representations– Synonymy (similar or identical)
– Antonymy (contrast or dichotomy)
– Hyponymy (is-a)
– Meronymy (part-of)/ Holonymy (contains)
Class
Property
Individual
Individual
PropertyClass
is an instance of has value for
restrict
==
Dessert
Pie Cake
Pie
Crust Filling
24 Jan 2011 44IW Metrics Ontology
Ontology Languages
• Concepts derived from Description Logics
• Represents an evolution (not revolution) in representing information
• Web Ontology Language – OWL standardized by W3C
24 Jan 2011 45IW Metrics Ontology
Applications
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
RDF and RDF/XML
XML and XMLS Datatypes
IRIs and Namespaces
RDF Schema Individuals
Derived from: (Lacy, 2005)
Ontology Layers
From: (Navi, 2004)
24 Jan 2011 46IW Metrics Ontology
Lines of Effort (LOEs)
LOEs, Sub-Tasks, and Endstates
• Taken from FM3-24.2, pg 4-8, 21 April 09
• Sub-Tasks are Actions at a larger scale than our DIME+
LOE LOE Endstate
Establish Civil Security (Combat Operations)
Restore and Maintain Order
Conduct Operations to Halt Violence
Establish Border Security
Provide Public Safety Support
Provide Civil Defense Support
Perform HN Police training and Support
LOE Endstate 1: Safe, secure, and stable environment established.
Establish Civil Control (Police-Type Operations)
Provide Rule of Law Support
Conduct Populace and
Resource Control
Disarm, Demobilize, and Reintegrate Ex-
Combatants
Resettle Displaced Citizans
Provide Populace with Humane Care and treatment
Support HN Police, Fire, Rescue, and Penal Units
LOE Endstate 2: Rule of Law Established.
Support Host Nation Security Forces
Identify Indigineous
Security Forces
Condcut Training of
Security Forcres
Integrate HN Security Forces
into COIN Operations
Trainsisiton to HN Control of
Security Forces
Trainsition to HN Lead in
COIN Operations
Transition to HN-only
Security Forces
LOE Endstate 3: Self sufficient national security forces established.
Restore Essentioal Services
Restore Sewage Services
Restore Water Services
Restore Electrical Power
and Services
Restore Academic Institutions
Restore Trash Services
Restore Medical Services
LOE Endstate 4: Essential services restored.
Support to Economic and Infrastructure
Development
Provide Public Works Support
Provide Commernce
Support
Provide Civilian Supply Support
Provide Civilian Healt Support
Provide Agriculture
Support
Coordinate Civic
Assistance Programs
LOE Endstate 5: Economic foundation w/sufficient infrastructure
established.
Support to GovernanceProvide Public Administration
Support
Identify and Recruit Leaders
Facilitate Local Government
Provide Cultural Affairs Support
Support and Secure
Elections
Support HN Reforms
LOE Endstate 6: Functioning legitimate gov’t that does not
require external support.
Conduct Information Tasks
Tell the Story to the U.S. Public
Marginalize Insurgent Influence
Isolate Population from
Insurgent Forces
Provide Context for Host Nation Government Operations
Reinforce the Legitimacy of
the Host Nation Government
Create Division Between Insurgent
Leadership and Armed
Insurgents
LOE Endstate 7: Increased support to HN (local) government.
Interim States
24 Jan 2011 48Workshop Activity #5
LOE Subtasks LOE Endstate
LOEs Metric Types
• Step 1: Identify DIME actions– FM 3-24.2 calls out subtasks for each LOE– Each subtask is clearly associated with one or more DIME actions– Several DIME actions are also implied (e.g., force security)
• Step 2: Identify DIME MoPs– Measures that are clearly associated with performing the given action, regardless of situation or
modeling choices– Measures are inputs or direct outputs (e.g.,
• $ invested• jobs created• number of diplomatic actions• road capacity built
• Step 3: Identify additional direct Metrics– Requires a model of what interacts with what– Include metric types that are directly affected by DIME MoPs
• Step 4: Work backward from LOE Endstates– Requires a model– Start with LOE Endstates and include metric types that directly effect them– Continue backward
04/11/23 49Ontology Design
Metrics Mapped to LOEs
04/11/23 50Ontology Design
Describing the Elements
Describing a Metric
Attributes of a Metric:– Name
– Definition
– Units
– Geographic association
– Author
– References
– Time-based
• Metrics become “first class” reusable well-defined objects in their own right that belong to classes and not just attributes of a objects being described (less tightly coupled)
• Assertions can be made to describe the attributes of a particular metric value
52
Class1
Attribute1Attribute2
vs.
Class1
Attribute1
Attribute2
February 7-10, 2011 52HSCB Focus 2011
Representing Perceived Metrics
53February 7-10, 2011 53HSCB Focus 2011
Region VotingPopulationPerception
hasRegisteredVoters
ProvinceOfKandahar RegVotersPerception20090903
hasRegisteredVoters
Terminology (Tbox)
Assertions (Abox)hasRegisteredVotersValue
313,900
«instance» «instance»
http://www.afghanistan.gc.ca/canada-afghanistan/progress-progres/benchmarks-reperes/priorit5.aspx
perceptionSource
FULL FILENAME
C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY\IW DOMAIN ONT 011411.VSD
PerceivedStateVariable
UML can be used to describe relationships between classes, properties, individuals/instances, and property values
How do we know what happened?
• Indicators … are not effects
• Better to be observable than not, but “not seen” does not mean “not there”
• Inference from indicator to effect is “reverse direction”
Win the War
Destroy Will Stop Second Echelon(Isolate the Battlefield)
Prevent River Crossing(Deny Access)
DestroyFuel Res.
Carpet Bomb Drop Leaflets
Destroy Br1 Destroy Br2
DMPI 1 DMPI 2
Acceleration of
Straggler Count
River Clear
Units in BivouacTraffic Density
Objective/Task/ActivityEffect Desired
Indicator Source:(Dr. Maris “Buster” McCrabb’s “Effects-based Operations: An Overview”)
24 Jan 2011 54IW Metrics Ontology
Observable Metrics for Deriving LOE Endstate
LOE
Dime 1 Dime 2
DP 1 DP 2 DP 3
MoP 1 MoP 2 MoP 3 MoP 4 MoP 5
MoE 1 MoE 2 MoE 3 MoE 4
MoFE 1 MoFE 1
MoPE = LOE Endstate
M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4
Goal
Mission
DIME actions
DIME action metrics
Metrics depending on DIMEactions and other state variables
The other state variables
derived fromderived from
M 5
I1 I2 I3 I20…
Observable metrics
Required to compute goal value
MoPs based only on DIME
High-level metrics impacting goal
How are State Variables Calculated?
• Some state variables may be observed directly
• Most state variables will be calculated– Some state variables will be calculated from a single indicator/metric
– Many state variables will be calculated from several indicators/metrics
• Most indicators/metrics will require reformatting
• Example: “Agriculture Sector Strength”– Indicator: Crop Production
– Indicator: Meat Production
– Combination: (CP+MP)/2
– Scaling
24 Jan 2011 56Workshop Activity #7 56
Description of the world:· States of being· Context of action· Protocol for action· Natural environment· PMESII+
Natural and human actorsWith identities, relationships & decision-making processes
State Variable
perceived by
Actor
Crop Production
• Metric: Hectares of permanent crops per 1000 people
• Data from 175 countries
• Scaling equation to yield nearly normal distribution– ScaledCrops = 2*(log10(hectaresperKpeople)-1.1)
24 Jan 2011 57Workshop Activity #7 57
Meat Production
• Metric: Annual metric tons of meat per person
• Data from 150 countries
• Scaling equation to yield nearly normal distribution– ScaledMeat = 2*(log10(MetTonspercapita)+1.9)
24 Jan 2011 58Workshop Activity #7 58
Agriculture Sector Strength
• First step– AvgCrops&Meat = (ScaledCrops+ScaledMeat)/2
• Second step: Calculate current figure for the country (use equations)• Third step: Find the difference in standard deviations of the current figure
from the international mean (a + or – number). Use this to represent the estimate of the current Agriculture Sector Strength
• Note: this is a model, not a fact
5924 Jan 2011 59Workshop Activity #7
How are DIME Variables Calculated?
• DIME variables are both action variables and state variables
• As state variables, DIME variables represent the state of the action
• As action variables, DIME variables directly impact the environment, changing some state variables
• DIME variables are represented– Usually in two parts, an amount of work and an amount of work needed, that can be
converted into a fraction
– Sometimes as a fraction of completion, that can be scaled
– Sometimes as a scaled variable, e.g., -3 to +3, representing “horrible” to “fantastic” total capability achieved
• Choosing the proper denominator is critical
• E.g., Electricity Production
60
Description of the world:· States of being· Context of action· Protocol for action· Natural environment· PMESII+
Natural and human actorsWith identities, relationships & decision-making processes
State Variable
perceived by
ActorInterventions, events and ongoing processesDIME+
Action
Natural and man-made environment
Environment
24 Jan 2011 60Workshop Activity #7
Rebuilding Electrical Production
• In Iraq, electrical production capacity was destroyed in the war
• Reconstruction requirements were massive and required intermediate goals
• A construction project might involve building a megawatt generator– Beginning the project would involve purchasing materials and hiring and paying people– During the project, more materials would be purchased and people would continue to be paid– At completion, increased electricity would be produced, no new materials would be purchased and people
would be laid off
• Project DIME variables– A DIME variable could be created that consisted of fraction of the project completed– Alternatively, a DIME variable could be created that consisted of amount of electrical production generated
versus total capacity of the project
• A broader view would consider all construction projects in a phase– Create a DIME variable consisting of total work/total phase work– Create a DIME variable consisting of total electrical production/total electrical production desired from the
phase
• A still broader view would consider all construction to restore production to pre-war levels
• The broadest view would consider all construction to create capacity that brings Iraq into a better than 3rd world status
• Note that – Red forces might destroy some work in progress, what does this do to DIME variables?– Red forces might destroy some electrical production capacity that was undamaged or completed in a previous
project, what does this do?
• Which DIME variables are appropriate?
24 Jan 2011 61Workshop Activity #7 61
Prices as Metrics
• Price is determined by Supply, Demand, particular item, & other factors
• For an item, Supply & Demand are usually dominant– Price is proportional to Demand/Supply
– Examples• Reduction in drug supply
– Crop eradication– Drug interdiction– Capture or killing drug operatives– Raises price – Metric says price increase is good– May increase violent competition
• Reduce demand– Education of buyers– Law enforcement against buyers– Lowers price – Metric says price decrease is good– May reduce competition as high price producers leave market
• Do both– Conflicting Metric interpretation
• Measuring Supply and Demand directly is preferable – just harder
24 Jan 2011 63Workshop Activity #6
Context Diagram made Concrete
24 Jan 2011 6324 Jan 2011 63
You (the Actor)
Cook (the Action)
a Turkey in an Oven (collectively, the Environment)
and decide when to take it out with State Variables:
Example: Cooking a Turkey
24 Jan 2011 64Workshop Activity #6
Action: P
ut in Oven
Act
ion:
Tak
e ou
t of O
ven
Process: Cook
Indicator: Cooking Time
Indicator: Meat Temperature
MoM: Turkey is done
24 Jan 2011 65Workshop Activity #6
How Do We Get This Picture?
• Taking a raw turkey and putting it in the oven (almost always) results in “turkey is in oven”-state: fact
• Cooking the turkey (almost always) results in “turkey in oven is browner”-state: fact
• Taking a “cooked” turkey out of the oven (almost always) results in “brown turkey out of oven”-state: fact
• Desired Measure of Merit is “turkey is done”-state: given
• Connections among – “cooking time” and “turkey is done” – “meat temperature” and “turkey is done”– “cooking time” and “meat temperature”– model – subject to verification & validation
• Most MoMs are not directly observable, require models using observable indicators
• More complex MoMs use models with sub-MoMs and many indicators
24 Jan 2011 65
24 Jan 2011 66Workshop Activity #6
Modeling Alternatives• Case 1: Situational Awareness
– Monitor the indicators, when they say “go”, intervene and eat the turkey
– Requires analysis to develop a model of the relationship between the indicators and the MoM
– The resultant model is (relatively simple), connecting observations of reality with the inferred MoM value
• Case 2: Simple Control Theory Model– Set the temperature, timer & thermometer, monitor for deviations. If the
guests are late, turn down the temperature setting. If the guests are early and hungry, turn up the temperature setting.
– Develop model of the relationships among the controls and the indicators, as well as a model between indicators and MoM
– The resultant model is more complex than in Case 1; however, it still has simplifications. E.g., in IW case, Red actions and their results can be treated as indicators
• Case 3: Complex Model– Compute which controls actions will give the best results as the situation
changes.
– The relationship models need to be more complex and accurate, taking into account actor and action interactions and dynamics.
– The resultant model is very complex.24 Jan 2011 66
Ontology Implementation
Ontology Development Process
68
A1
Scope Domain
A2
Identify Ontology Reuse
Candidates
A3
Define Classes and Properties
A4
Document and Encode
tasking
existing ontologies
ontology requirements
ontology reuse candidates
ontology design artifacts
ontology report
ontology files
IDEF0 Notation Legend
ActivityInput Output
Mechanism
Control / Constraint
February 7-10, 2011 68HSCB Focus 2011
Operational Environment Decomposition
Environment
PoliticalEnvironment
MilitaryEnvironment
EconomicEnvironment
SocialEnvironment
InformationEnvironment
InfrastructureEnvironment
KineticEnvironment
NaturalEnvironment
Atmospherics GeometricsEarth, water,& other
Logistics C4IDamage/Attrition
Government Media
Health
Business Energy
EducationTransport Water
Media OperationsOpinionsGeneral
Movement
Safety
Education Other
HealthBasicNeeds
Finance GovernmentCrime JobsEnergyAgriculture Other
OtherGovernment SecurityConflict
OverviewPolitics Rule ofLaw
Governance
Actors Actions
OperationalEnvironment
04/11/23 Ontology Design 69
High Level Ontology Context
04/11/23 70Ontology Design
LOEOperational
Environment
describes
Catalog ofMetric Types Lines of Effort
impactedBy
Metric Value
instantiated from
Particular value within a defined area and timeframe
(e.g., 500 metric tons of food distributed in Afghan province X between January 1, 2009 and
December 31, 2009)
Taxonomy of operational environment elements
(categories) (e.g., Governance within Political Environment)
List of available metric types (e.g., FoodDistributedMoP)
List of actions (lines of effort) (e.g., Establish Civil Support)
FULL FILENAME
C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\ONTOLOGY DESIGN\TOP LEVEL DOMAIN 031011.VSD
DL1
DL3
DL2 DL6
DL7
DL8
List of operational environment elements (DL1)
List of metric types (DL2)
Mapping of metrics to PMESII categories (possibly more than one) (DL3)
List of LOEs (DL6)
Mapping of metrics to LOEs (possibly more than one) (DL7)
List of sample metrics values (DL8)
Ontology and Instance File Relationships
04/11/23 71Ontology Design
Started / Prototyped
Not Yet Started
Drafted / Exists
Legend
Metric Ontology(OF01)
Operational Environment
Ontology(OF02)
TRAC IW Metric
Ontology(OF03)
Relationship Assumption
Ontology (Model)(OF04)
Sample Metric Values(IF01)
imports
Metric ClassMetric Attributes (class variable
properties)Metric Qualifiers (instance properties)
Environment classesActor classAction class
Classes for Metrics (e.g., Voter Turnout Metric class)
Roads impact voter turnout
FoodDistributionMoP in Afghan Province AF1 in
November 2009 was 35MT
IESOntology(OF06)
Domain Ontologies
External Ontologies
Instance Files
Dublin Core (Metadata)Ontology(OF07)
Ontology Alignment
Map(OF05)
imports
FULL FILENAME
C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\ONTOLOGY DESIGN\TRAC ONT DESIGN 031511.VSD
Line of Effort Ontology(OF08)
all files reference
namespace
impo
rts
impo
rts
MetricOF01.owl
OperationalEnvironmentOF02.owl LOEOF08.owl
TRACIWMetricCatalogOF03.owl
SMV0311IF01.owl
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
OWL Encoding Evolution
04/11/23 72Ontology Design
Hartley Spreadsheets
IW Metrics Organization
Database
DOAT Database Tool
OWL Ontology Files
Sources of Concepts
Literature
• General concepts and relationships– Doctrine (e.g., Joint Pubs, Army FMs)– Workshops (MORS, NDU, HSCB)– Books, articles and presentations
• Initial sources for metrics and taxonomy– Hayes & Sands Doing Windows: 119– Interim Semi-static Stability Model (ISSM): 195– DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool: 285
• Confirmatory and Additional metrics and taxonomies– HSCB Taxonomy: 345– Metrics v3: 226– OCRS Matrix: 217– NDU Corruption Workshop: 131– IW Decomp 2009: 99– MPICE: 62– PRIME Taxonomy: 59– Hilson: 54– Others
• Total metric types 415
24 Jan 2011 74IW Metrics Ontology
Why We Need Authoritative References and Resources
• Ground concepts in vetted terms and definitions whenever possible
• Vetted terms and definitions have evolved from collaborative development and review
• Support provenance / pedigree of information in the ontology
24 Jan 2011 75
Descriptive Requirements (Actions, Effects, and Overarching)
Source:Smith, Young (2009) Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite” (N81)
76IW Metrics Ontology
24 Jan 2011 77Workshop Activity #5
LOE Typical Tasks From FM 3-24.2
24 Jan 2011 77
FM 3.24-2 LOEs(within scope of DRC effort)
Stability Tasks
Support Host Nation Security LOE
Establish Civil Security LOE
Establish Civil Control LOE
Support to Governance LOE
Restore Essential Services LOE
Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development LOE
Enforce cessation of hostilities.
Enforce peace agreements and other arrangements Conduct disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration
Conduct border control, boundary security, and freedom of movement
Support identification
Protect key personnel and facilities
Clear explosive and CBRN hazards
Establish public order and safety
Establish interim criminal justice system Support law enforcement and police reform
Support judicial reform
Support property dispute resolution processes
Support corrections reform Support public outreach and community rebuilding programs
Support transitional administrations
Support development of local governance Support anticorruption initiatives
Support elections
Provide essential civil services
Tasks related to civilian dislocation Support famine prevention and emergency food relief programs Support public health programs
Support education programs
Support economic generation and enterprise creation Support public sector investment programs
Support private sector development
Protect natural resources and environment Support agricultural development programs Restore transportation infrastructure Restore telecommunications infrastructure Support general infrastructure reconstruction programs Use money as a weapon
Measure (Assess)
Organize
Rebuild/build facilities
Train
Equip
Advise
Mentor
to 34113
to 39114
to 53115
to 1112
Civil stability anddurable peace exists
9
Economy issound
19
People aretolerant of the
status quo
42
Safe and secureenvironment is
perceived
52
Civil (internal) unrestis not present
8
Core
Institutions ofgovernance areeffective and fair
37
Government hasdomestic legitimacy
29
Immediate needsof the peopleare satisfied
36
to 3283
to 3780
to 4187
to 4688
Human rightsare protected
35
Police aredistinct fromthe military
45
to 4284
to 5281
Government policeforce is effective
against crime
30
Administration ofjustice is effective
and fair
2
Central authorityis effective
6
Social servicesare adequate
53Corruption insocial servicesis not rampant
14
Corruption inlaw enforcementis not rampant
13
to 2282
Crime is nota problem
70
to 1089
to 2591
to 1590
to 5692
Common crimeis not a problem
73Organized crimeis not a problem
69Drug crime
is not a problem
68
to 386
Drug transshipmentis not a problem
67Drug use
is not a problem
72
to 2985
Prison structureis adequate
49Central
government exists
122
Corruption inpublic officeis not part of
culture
121
to 1893
to 2695
to 3297
to 4798
to 4899
Agricultural systemis productive
3
Telecominfrastructure
is in place
55
Critical industriesare sound
15
Efficient marketsare in place
22
Acceptable jobsare available
1
to 4294
to 1996
Foreigninvestmentis available
124
Tourism industryis robust
56
Foreigninvestment
suffices
27
Transportationinfrastructure
is in place
57
Financialsystemis solid
71
Financial systemis sufficient
25
Commercial sectorcontributes to
national welfare
10
Energy supplyand distribution
are sufficient
23
to 3100
to 36101
Water distributioninfrastructureis sufficient
58
to 1118
to 29120
to 8119
to 42116
to 52117
People's spiritualneeds are met
44Education system
is structuredtoward jobs
21
Basic naturalresource management
is in place
5
to 18103
to 46102
Healthrequirements
are met
33
Potable wateris sufficient
48
Food issufficient
26
Healthinfrastructureis adequate
32
Housing stockis sufficient
34
Government does notcontrol domestic media's
reporting of events
125Education
infrastructureis adequate
126
Educationinfrastructure
suffices
20
People perceivethat their interestsare represented
43International media
have open access tothe reporting of events
38Domestic media
is free
28
Misc
Needs
Reversib
le
244
Reversib
le
247
to 5276
to 3078
to 3777
to 875
Armed forces arewell structured
4
Competing groupsresolve differences
11
Opposition partydoes not
espouse force
59
There haven'tbeen any
paramilitary forces
60There haven't been
any regime-sponsored,non-military armed forces
61
There are nofactional disputes
74
to 4679
Opposition partydoesn't attempt todominate by force
40
Government-runmilitary is effective
31
Regime-sponsored,non-military armed forces
are demobilized
51
Paramilitary forcesare not present
41
Demobilized armedforces are
integrated into society
16
Disarmamentis effective
17
No insurgentsare operating
148
Conflict
No terroristsare operating
149
to 29107
to 41108
to 52109
to 22110
to 32104
to 42105
Stress migrationis not present
54
There are noexpatriates
62
There is nodisplacedpopulation
63
There areno migrants
64
to 36111
Expatriots returnto country
24
Population is notforced to move
46
Changes in populationcomposition improve
outlook
7
Population isfree to move
47
Displaced populationdecreases
18
Migrants leavecountry
39
to 10106
Movement
Property ownershipissues are resolved
50
Reversible
237
Reversib
le
238
Reversible
239
Reversible
241
Reversib
le
240
Reversib
le
242
Reversib
le
243
Reversib
le
245
Reversib
le
246
Foodimportation
151Providingtemporary
shelter/housing
156
Train policeforces
165
(Re)buildingmonitoring
police
207
Resettlementprocess
155
Support newplanting
158Buy localproduce
157
Targetedprivatization
180
Electricitydistribution
168
Newcurrency
178
Interbankspaymentsystem
179
Development ofmicrofinance
systems
181
Rebuildtelecommun-
ications
177
Insurancesystem
184
Public worksprograms to
generate jobs
183
Commercial lawto improveinvestment
182
Assisting ineconomic
integration &cooperation
193
Rebuildroads
169Rebuildbridges
170Rebuildairports
171Rebuildseaports
172
Managingnatural
resources
194
Electricityproduction
plants
167Rebuild oilpipelines
174Rebuild oilproduction
173
Interventionsocial services
144
Interventionpolicing
226
Rebuildwater lines
175
Fooddistribution
152Water
distribution
153
Rebuild water& sewage
treatment facilities
176
Interventionhealth
141
Interventionwater
143
Medicaltreatment
150
Interventioneducation
133
Trainteachers
161
Educationfacilities
159
Educationsupplies
160
Interventionhousing
142
Interventionmedia
138Intervention
PR
223
Interventionnegative PR
236
Negativeimpact of
intevention
222
Intervention
Reducinglikelihood of
population moves
216
Interventiongovt military
140Intervention
demobilization
228
Government
Drug manufactureis not a problem
66
Interventionjustice
127
Corruption incentral authorityis not rampant
12
Interventionsocial services
corruption
225
Drug cultivationis not a problem
65
Conductingbenign PRoperations
213
Interventionfood
136
Promotingcivic
education
214Sponsoringjournalisttraining
215
Train militaryforces
166
Negotiatingbureacraciesto get relief
154
Interventiontransition
224
Interventioncentral authority
129
Conductingconstabularyoperations
198
Mediate & negotiatew/ conflicting parties
185
Establishing demilitarizedzones, sanctions, and
arms embargoes
186
Maintaining compliancew/ peace accord
milestones & conditions
187
Implementing weaponscontrol regimes
188
Establishing observermissions & interposing
forces
191
Conductingwar crimes
investigations
197
Interventionpolice
139
Interventiongovt
corruption
227
Demobilizing, reducingor reintegrating military
& paramilitary units
189
Providing job training &employment for discharged
military personnel
190
Monitoringgovt
corruption
204
Create localgovernments
162Supply localgovernments
164Educate localgovernments
163
Providingadvisors to
police & justice
208Creating/reforming
military
209
Safeguardinggovt institutions
& officials
221Establishingconfidence
building measures
219Providingsecurity
assistance
220
Trainingnew electednat leaders
202Conductingnationwideelections
201Establishingconstitutional
reform
200Creatingtransitionnat govt
199
Providingadvisors to
nat govt
203Transfercontrolto govt
205Monitoring
govtpowersharing
206
Assistinghumane
penal system
210Assistingreforming
legal system
211Monitoring
humanrights
212
Reforming govteconomic policy
192
Seekinginvestment
capital
195
Energyimportation
196
Providingsecurity for
PO
233
Interventionpeace
operations
230Intervention
militaryretraining
229
Providingsecurity for
Stability activities
234
Providingsecurity forHA activities
232
Interventionfinancial
135Intervention
jobs
147Intervention
energy
134
Interventioninvestment
137
Interventionagriculture
128Intervention
naturalresources
231Intervention
transportation
146
Interventiondisplaced pop
132Intervention
telecom
145Intervention
critical industries
131
CoordinatingNGO
activities
217
Prepositioninghumanitarianrelief stocks
218
InterventionLE corruption
130
Economy
Providingforce security
235
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 1
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 2
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 3
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 4
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 5
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 6
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 7
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 8
ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 9
ISSM
We get our initial meronymy connections here, but not our hyponymy connections
78IW Metrics Ontology
Conflict Ecosystem
79IW Metrics Ontology
© David J. Kilcullen, 2007
Theater ofOperations
The Conflict Ecosystem
Open / PorousSystem boundaries
Foreign Recruits
Funds
Equipment, Weapons & ammo
Propaganda
Refugees / DPs
Trained / radicalizedfighters
Sympathy &support
Ethnic group
Tribe
Tribe
Clan
Smugglers
Mafia
Businesses
NGOs
InternationalMedia
InternationalOrganizations
Refugees
Coalitionagencies
National government
Localmedia
Tribalfighters
InsurgentGroup A
InsurgentGroup B
Ethnic militia
NationalPolice
NationalArmy
Armed PrivateContractors
Frontierinfiltrators
CoalitionForces
TerroristCells
© David J. Kilcullen, 2007 from “Counterinsurgency in Iraq: Theory and Practice, 2007”
Operator’s View
80
Battlespace
(+)Effect
(-)Effect
(+/-)Effect
(-)Effect
(-/+) Effect
(+)
Effect
TasksTasks
TasksTasks
FriendliesFriendliesAdversaryAdversary EnvironmentEnvironment
• Performing tasks is a science – achieving desired effects is an art.
• The commander’s CONOPs contains the broad flow of tasks to assigned units intended to achieve the desired effects and the required endstate. It is a theory that is tested in execution against an adversary and his CONOPs.
Capability• Means + Ways• Freedom of Action• Potential to
Perform Tasks
Capability• Means + Ways• Freedom of Action• Potential to
Perform Tasks
Conditions• Affect Quality / Capacity
of Task Performance
Source:(Kiefer, 2004)
24 Jan 2011 IW Metrics Ontology
Interaction Space
Data Architect’s View
Environment• Elements & Attributes• Action & Reaction Queue• Action Standards• Action Conditions
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
ActionsActions
AgentState0
AgentState0
ObjectState0
ObjectState0
EnvironmentState0
EnvironmentState0
• State = set of elements + their attributes at a moment in time
• A State Engine increments time; examines all elements and attributes; triggers actions and reactions whose state conditions are met; degrades or prohibits actions as limited by states; tests susceptibility state conditions of objects and, if met, changes attributes as a result of actions & reactions.
• Actions change state by changing attributes (if conditions permit)
Agent Capability• Elements & Attributes• Action Queue• Action Triggers• Action Performance Standards
Object Susceptibility• Elements & Attributes• Reaction Queue• Reaction Triggers• Action Susceptibility Standards
Source:(Kiefer, 2004)
24 Jan 2011 81IW Metrics Ontology
Attack
Taliban People
InsurgentActivityTaliban
InformationOperations
Emphasizepower
Taliban Courts
De-legitimizeROL
Labor Pool
TalibanAccounts
Supplies &Services
CorruptionIn Law Enforcement
CorruptionIn Central Authority
CorruptionIn Public Office
CorruptionIn Social Services Bad Govt
Behavior
PettyCorruption
CorruptFunds
CorruptionIn Business
CorruptionIn Military
Non-TalibanPopulace
Public“Rage”
People’sFunds
Supplies &Services
Entity Model
OrganizedCrime
DrugCrime
CommonCrime
Stable,Growing, Licit
Economy
BankAccounts
Sustained LicitGrowth
BusinessEnablers
EconomicEnablers
Right of Ownership
Access to Capital
Markets & Customers
Loans
CrimeEconomy
Labor Pool
Materials
Ability to Incorporate
IllilicitFunds
Access to Energy
Transport & Infrastructure
Goods &Services
DrugEconomy
Rural GovtLegitimacy
National GovtLegitimacy
Urban GovtLegitimacy
PerceivedSecurity
EconomicStatus
IllicitEconomic
Status
Corruption
CrimeROL
National/ProvincialGovernance
Village-LevelGovernance
Urban-LevelGovernance
Support
CommunityCouncil
Reintegration
District-LevelGovernance
ChoiceProcess
Education &Social
Services
Labor Pool
GovernmentAccounts
Taxes
Policy
Supplies &Services
Dispute,Detain,Trial,Jail
Ownership
Corrections
Cops
Courts
Shura
Jirga
Labor Pool
ROLAccounts
Dispute ResolutionSupplies &Services
NGOSystem
ExternalFunding
PakistanIran,
Others
ExternalPopulation
ExternalGoods &Services
Control
Influence
IOCrime
Corrupt InfluenceCorrupt ActsRed ForceBlue Force
Manpower FlowFunds Flow
Illicit FundsGoods & ServicesMOM Calculation
Protect
LocalSecurity
AfghanNationalPolice
AfghanNational
ArmyISAF
InformationOperations
ISAFSecurity
Emphasizeprotection
Attack
Re-legitimizeROL
Labor Pool
SecurityAccounts
Labor Pool
Supplies &Services Supplies &
Services
LocalFunding
Rule of Law
Governance
Security
Economic Development
Population
Taliban
Corruption
External
MOMs
24 Jan 2011 82IW Metrics Ontology
Force Model
National/ProvincialGovernance
OrganizedCrime
DrugCrime
CorruptionIn Law Enforcement
CorruptionIn Central Authority
CorruptionIn Public Office
CorruptionIn Social Services
Non-TalibanPopulace
Bad GovtBehavior
CommonCrime
Protect
Attack
Village-LevelGovernance
Urban-LevelGovernance
LocalSecurity
AfghanNationalPolice
AfghanNational
Army
Taliban People
Public“Rage”
InsurgentActivity
Support
Rural GovtLegitimacy
National GovtLegitimacy
Urban GovtLegitimacy
PerceivedSecurity
CommunityCouncil
Reintegration
District-LevelGovernance
ISAFInformationOperations
TalibanInformationOperations
Emphasizepower
ChoiceProcess
Education &Social
Services
NGOSystem
ISAFSecurity
Taliban Courts
DrugEconomy
Stable,Growing, Licit
Economy
BankAccounts
Sustained LicitGrowth
BusinessEnablers
EconomicEnablers
Right of Ownership
Access to Capital
Markets & Customers
ExternalFunding
Loans
EconomicStatus
CrimeEconomy
IllicitEconomic
Status
Dispute,Detain,Trial,Jail
Ownership
Emphasizeprotection
Corruption
PettyCorruption
CrimeROL
Corrections
Cops
Courts
Shura
Jirga
Attack
Re-legitimizeROL
De-legitimizeROL
PakistanIran,
Others
Labor Pool
Materials
Ability to Incorporate
Labor Pool
Labor Pool
Labor Pool
Labor Pool
GovernmentAccounts
People’sFunds
SecurityAccounts
ROLAccounts
TalibanAccounts
Labor Pool
IllilicitFunds
ExternalPopulation
Access to Energy
Transport & Infrastructure
Goods &Services
Taxes
Dispute Resolution
Policy
Supplies &Services
Supplies &Services Supplies &
Services
Supplies &Services
Supplies &Services
Supplies &Services
ExternalGoods &Services
Control
Influence
IOCrime
Corrupt InfluenceCorrupt ActsRed ForceBlue Force
Manpower FlowFunds Flow
Illicit FundsGoods & ServicesMOM Calculation
LocalFunding
CorruptFunds
CorruptionIn Business
CorruptionIn Military
24 Jan 2011 83IW Metrics Ontology
Funds Flow Model
National/ProvincialGovernance
OrganizedCrime
DrugCrime
CorruptionIn Law Enforcement
CorruptionIn Central Authority
CorruptionIn Public Office
CorruptionIn Social Services
Non-TalibanPopulace
Bad GovtBehavior
CommonCrime
Protect
Attack
Village-LevelGovernance
Urban-LevelGovernance
LocalSecurity
AfghanNationalPolice
AfghanNational
Army
Taliban People
Public“Rage”
InsurgentActivity
Support
Rural GovtLegitimacy
National GovtLegitimacy
Urban GovtLegitimacy
PerceivedSecurity
CommunityCouncil
Reintegration
District-LevelGovernance
ISAFInformationOperations
TalibanInformationOperations
Emphasizepower
ChoiceProcess
Education &Social
Services
NGOSystem
ISAFSecurity
Taliban Courts
DrugEconomy
Stable,Growing, Licit
Economy
BankAccounts
Sustained LicitGrowth
BusinessEnablers
EconomicEnablers
Right of Ownership
Access to Capital
Markets & Customers
ExternalFunding
Loans
EconomicStatus
CrimeEconomy
IllicitEconomic
Status
Dispute,Detain,Trial,Jail
Ownership
Emphasizeprotection
Corruption
PettyCorruption
CrimeROL
Corrections
Cops
Courts
Shura
Jirga
Attack
Re-legitimizeROL
De-legitimizeROL
PakistanIran,
Others
Labor Pool
Materials
Ability to Incorporate
Labor Pool
Labor Pool
Labor Pool
Labor Pool
GovernmentAccounts
People’sFunds
SecurityAccounts
ROLAccounts
TalibanAccounts
Labor Pool
IllilicitFunds
ExternalPopulation
Access to Energy
Transport & Infrastructure
Goods &Services
Taxes
Dispute Resolution
Policy
Supplies &Services
Supplies &Services Supplies &
Services
Supplies &Services
Supplies &Services
Supplies &Services
ExternalGoods &Services
Control
Influence
IOCrime
Corrupt InfluenceCorrupt ActsRed ForceBlue Force
Manpower FlowFunds Flow
Illicit FundsGoods & ServicesMOM Calculation
LocalFunding
CorruptFunds
CorruptionIn Business
CorruptionIn Military
24 Jan 2011 84IW Metrics Ontology
Potential Sources for Ontology Elements
Citation Reference
DoingWindows Bradd C. Hayes and Jeffrey I. Sands, Doing Windows: Non-Traditional Military Responses to Complex Emergencies. CCRP, Washington, DC. 1998.
ISSM AG Dean S. Hartley III, Operations Other Than War (OOTW) Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies (FAST) Prototype Toolbox: ISSM v4.00 Analysts' Guide. DRC, Orlando, FL. 2006.
VV&A Tool Dean S. Hartley III, DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool (Software). Hartley Consulting, Oak Ridge, TN. 2009.
Haskins Casey Haskins, "A Practical Approach to Cultural Insight," Military Review, Sept-Oct 2010.
OCRS Matrix Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization, "Post-Conflict Reconstruction Essential Tasks." US Dept of State, Washington, DC. 2005. http://www.crs.state.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.display&id=10234c2e-a5fc-4333-bd82-037d1d42b725
Kilcullen David Kilcullen, Counterinsurgency. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. 2010.
MPICE Michael Dziedzic, Barbara Sotirin, and John Agoglia, Measuring Progress in Conflict Environments (MPICE): A Metrics Framework for Assessing Conflict Transformation and Stabilization, Version 1.0 . US Institute for Peace, Washington, DC. 2008.
Young2010 William C. Young and Jerry R. Smith, "Requirements for Modeling DIME Actions and PMESII Effects" presented at FOCUS 2010 Conference. 2009.
Bennett William H. Bennett, "Media and Influence," Estimating Impact: A Handbook of Computational Methods and Models for Anticipating Economic, Social, Political and Security Effects in International Interventions, A. Kott and G Citrenbaum, eds. Springer, New York. 2010.
Hilson Roger Hilson, et al., Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite. Office of the Secretary of Defense Modeling & Simulation Steering Committee, Washington, DC. 2009.
A2
Identify Ontology Reuse
Candidates
24 Jan 2011 85IW Metrics Ontology
Doctrine
Strategic/Operational Level – US Government COIN Guide
– IW Joint Operating Concept
– JP 3-24
– Joint Doctrine Pub 3-40
– FM 3-0
– FM 3-24
– FM 3-07
• Tactical Level – FM 3-24
– FM 3-07
– FM 3-07.1
– FM 3-24.2
– CALL Leader’s Handbook 07-27
– CALL PRT Playbook
24 Jan 2011 86IW Metrics Ontology
From: (Azimuth, 2010)
IW Metrics Lexicon
• JP 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001, as amended through September 2010
• Some terms identified as part of Capabilities Based Planning
• Some terms identified as part of MORS workshops
• Other terms will be defined as part of ontology development effort
CBP Data Architecture Primitives
– Element: a physical or mental thing that exists. (noun)
– Attribute: a quantitative or qualitative characteristic of an element or its actions. (adjective or adverb)
– Action: A behavior by an element that changes the state of any element. (verb)
– State: the set of attributes an element possesses at a point in time.
88
From: (Kief, 2004) derived from (Dubois, 1997)
CBP Terminology for Operators
• Terminology discussed at MORS CPB Workshops
89
From: (Kief, 2004) and updated at (MORS, 2007)
CBP Terminology for Data Architects
• Classes: physical/mental (all), agent/object (elements only)
• State: the set of attributes an element possesses at a point in time
• Capability: the set of all actions that an agent element may take as permitted by its state.
• Susceptibility: the set of all actions that can change an attribute of an object element as permitted by its current state.
• Condition: a range of states that affects performance of an action or an action’s impact on changing an attribute.
• Standard: the proficiency and sufficiency specified for performance of a task.
• Effect: a state change
• Endstate: the state that defines achievement of the commander’s mission.
• Metric: quantitative measure associated with an attribute.
90
From: (Kief, 2004)
Bibliography – Books (1 of 2)
• Allemang, D., & Hendler, J. (2008). Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
• Baader, F., Calvanese, D., McGuinness, D. L., Nardi, D., & Patel-Schneider, P. F. (Eds) (2010). The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation and Applications (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.
• Daconta, M. C. (2007). Information As Product: How to Deliver the Right Information, To the Right Person, At the Right Time. Denver, CO: Outskirts.
• Davies, J. L. & Gurr, T. R., (Eds.) (1998). Preventive Measures: Building Risk Assessment and Crisis Early Warning Systems. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.
• Fensel, D., Hendler, J., Lieberman, H., & Wahlster, W. (Eds) (2003).Spinning the Semantic Web. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
• Galula, D. (1964). Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice. Westport, CN: Praeger Secutity International.
• Gilbert, N. & Troitzsch, K. G. (2005). Simulation for the Social Scientist (2nd ed).Glasgow, U.K.: Bell & Bain.
• Grady, R. B., & Caswell, D. L. (1987). Software Metrics: Establishing a Company-Wide Program. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Hayes, B. C., & Sands, J. I. (1998). Doing Windows: Non-Traditional Military Responses to Complex Emergencies. Washington D.C.: CCRP.
• Kaner, S., Lind, L., Toldi, C., Fisk, S., & Berger, D. (2007). Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-Making (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Kilcullen, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency. New York: Oxford.
• Nelson, R. B., & Wallick, J. (1994). The Presentation Primer: Getting Your Point Across. New York; Irwin.
• Orr, R. C. (Ed) (2004). Winning the Peace: An American Strategy for Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
• Rumbaugh, J., Blaha, M., Premerlani, W., Eddy, F., & Lorensen, W. (1991).Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Salmoni, B. A. & Holmes-Eber, P. (2008). Operational Culture for the Warfighter: Principles and Applications. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps University.
24 Jan 2011 91IW Metrics Ontology
Bibliography – Books (2 of 2)
• Schwarz, R., (2002). The Skilled Facilitator New & Revised: A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, and Coaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Sharp, E. B. (Ed.) (1999). Culture Wars & Local Politics. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
• Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, Event Planners, and Educators. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Wilkinson, M. (2004). The Secrets of Facilitation: the S.M.A.R.T. Guide to Getting Results with Groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Zeigler, B.P., Praehofer, H., & Kim, T. G. (2000). Theory of Modeling and Simulation (2nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Harcourt India.
24 Jan 2011 92IW Metrics Ontology
Bibliography – Papers and Presentations
• Albe2003.pdf Power to the Edge
• Alberts, D. S., & Hayes, R. E. (2003). Power to the Edge: Command…Control… in the information Age. Washington D.C.: Command and Control Research Program.
• Bach2007.pdf A Toolkit for Building Hybrid, Multi-resolution PMESII Models
• Bachman, J. A., & Harper, K. A. (Nov 2007). A Toolkit for Building Hybrid, Multi-Resolution PMESII Models. Rome, NY: Air Force Research Laboratory.
• Cana2010.pdf Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan Quarterly Report
• Canada (2010). Canada’s Engagement in Afghanistan: Quarterly Report to Parliament For the Period of April 1 to June 30, 2010. Canada: Government of Canada.
• Chal2009.pdf Tipping Sacred Cows - Moral Potential Through Operational Art
• Challand, LT COL T. (2009). Tipping Sacred Cows: Moral Potential Through Operational Art. Military Review, Sept-Oct 2009, pp. 19-28.
• Jack2009.pdf Analyzing Populations in Stability Operations
• Jack (2009, 5 Aug). Analyzing Populations in Stability Operations using Cultural Geography. Monterey, CA: U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center.
• Kilcullen, D. (2007). Counterinsurgency in Iraq: Theory and Practice. A seminar at the Marine Corps Base at Quantico, VA, Sept 26, 2007.
• Kilcullen, D. (2010). Book included above.
24 Jan 2011 93IW Metrics Ontology
Bibliography – Papers and Presentations
• Mand2008.pdfThe Ontology of Counterinsurgency
• Mandrick, MAJ W. S. (2008). The Ontology of Counterinsurgency. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MPSA Annual National Conference, Chicago, IL, Apr 03, 2008. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p267785_index.html
• The listing immediately above is what I came up with based on my reading of the manual.
• Mandrick, W. S. , 2008-04-03 "The Ontology of Counterinsurgency" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MPSA Annual National Conference, Palmer House Hotel, Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2010-11-08 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p267785_index.html
• The listing immediately above is listed online as the APA citation.
• Mans2007.pdf Linking Doctrine to Action: A New COIN Center-of-Gravity Analysis
• Mansoor, COL P. R., & Ulrich, MAJ M. S. (Oct 2007). Linking Doctrine to Action: A New Coin Center-of-Gravity Analysis. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Army Combined Arms Center, Army & Marine CounterInsurgency Center.
• McCr2001.pdfEffects-based Operations: An Overview
• McCrabb, M. (2001). Effects-based Operations: an Overview.
• McCrabb, Maris. Effects-Based Operations: An Overview. 52 slides.
• Available online at: http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/ideas_concepts/ebo.ppt
• Note: the hyperlink above would not work for me. This listing was available under ‘Internet Resources’ at http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/ebo.htm a January 2008 Maxwell AFB, AL, site.
• Smit2009 PPT.pdf Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite
• Smith, J. R., Young, W. C., et. al. (2009, Aug 4). Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite. Presentation.
24 Jan 2011 94IW Metrics Ontology