IW Ontologies Dean S. Hartley III, Hartley Consulting Lee Lacy, DRC Paul Works, TRAC INFORMS...

IW Ontologies

Dean S. Hartley III, Hartley ConsultingLee Lacy, DRC

Paul Works, TRACINFORMS National Meeting, Charlotte, 11/13/11

Operational Environment

includes

Natural and human actorsWith identities, relationships & decision-making processes

ActorInterventions, events and ongoing processesDIME+

Action

Natural and man-made environment

Environment

performs

affects

Description of the world:· States of being· Context of action· Protocol for action· Natural environment· PMESII+

State Variabledescribed by

perceived by

BLUF

• Irregular Warfare Ontologies– Controlled vocabularies– Basic relationships within Operational Environment– Implemented in Web Ontology Language (OWL)

• Elements– Actions– Actors– Environmental (natural & human, physical & conceptual) objects– Metrics (state variables) describing the status of 1st three sets

• Metric Ontology– Begins with taxonomy: PMESII + kinetics + natural environment – Allows metric types to be in multiple categories– “Comprehensive” list of ~400 metric types– Adds links to six Lines of Effort (LOEs)

2

Ontology Development Process

IW Metric Ontology DevelopmentProject Activities and Deliverables

• Producing IW Metrics Ontology– linking LOEs

– to PMESII Metrics

• Created through– Workshops

– Literature review

– Tools review

– Expertise

• Developing– IW definitions

– Ontology definitions

– LOE definitions

– PMESII definitions

– Metric definitions

– Operational knowledge

Literature Review(IW References)

FacilitatedWorkshop Sessions

IW MetricsOntology Report

IW Ontology6

OperationalLOEs

PMESIIMetrics

Expertise

DIME/PMESIITools Review

IW MetricOntology

44

TRAC contracted with DRC and Hartley Consulting to develop an IW Metrics ontology

Scope Domain - Context Diagram

55

Metrics can be thought of as state variables that describe the Operational Environment.


includes



Action


Environment

performs

affects


State Variabledescribed by

perceived by

Ontologies

• Operational Environment (OE) Ontologies – 397 elements (some in more than one ontology)

– Actor Ontology – 68 elements

– Environment Ontology – 150 elements

– Action Ontology – 195 elements

• Actor Ontology Organization– Actor Categories and SubCategories

– PMESII+ Categories and SubCategories

• Environment Ontology Organization– Environment Categories and SubCategories


• Action Ontology Organization– PMESII+ Categories and SubCategories

• Metric Ontology – Derived from the OE Ontologies– 456 elements


– Lines of Effort (LOEs) Categories

6

Operational Environment Ontologies

Actors Ontology

Each actor has both an actor type and belongs to one of the PMESII categories

PhysicalEnvironment

InfrastructureEnvironment

SocialEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

MilitaryEnvironment

PoliticalEnvironment

PMESII

InformationEnvironment

Actor

Actor-IndividualActor-

SignificantGroupActor-

DemographicGroupActor-

PhysicalActor-

Conceptual

Elements

GeoPoliticalDivision

EconomicDivision

KeyLeaderOtherIndividual StaticPopulation MobilePopulation VehiclesEnvrionment

alArmedForce

PoliticalOrganization

EconomicOrganization

SocialOrganization

Actor

PhysicalEnvironment


SocialEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

MilitaryEnvironment


KeyLeader

GovernmentTypeOrganization

PoliticalLeaderProPeaceLeader AgitatorLeader


MilitaryLeader

InterventionForce

GovernmentMilitaryForce

ArmedForce

DemobilizedArmedForce

PrivateSecurityForce

ParamilitaryForce

SocialServicesOrganization

ExternalGovernmentAdvisor

ExternalAgitatorOrganization

JudicialOrganization

LawEnforcementOrganization

DiplomatLeader

IntelligenceServiceOrganization

RegimeSponsoredNonMilitaryArmedOrganization

NonGovernmentArmedLeader

InsurgentOrganization

TerroristOrganization

CriminalLeader

CriminalOrganization

WorkerOrganization

BusinessLeader

EconomicSector

TourismBusiness

NonGovernmentOrganization

NGOLeader EducationLeader

InternallyDisplacedPopul

ation

Migrants(PulledFromOuts

ide)

Refugees(PushedFromOu

tside)

HealthEmergency(FamineEpidemic)

Expatriates

StaticPopulation

FamilyFirstRespoderOrg

anization

SocialLeader SpiritualLeader

MediaLeader

MilitaryVehicleNonMilitaryVehicl

e

AirMovementEarthMovement WaterMovement Fire




PhysicalActor-

Conceptual

PMESII


OtherIndividual

PoliticalPopulation

SocialFaction ReligiousFactionReligiousPo

pulation

CulturalPopulation

PoliticalFaction

CriminalPopulati

on

-End11

-End2*

ManMadeDisaster

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11-End2*-End11

-End2* -End11-End2* -End11

-End2*

-End11-End2

*

-End11-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

MediaBusiness TransportBusiness EnergyBusinessAgricultureBusines

sFinancialServicesB

usiness

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11-End2

*

-End11

-End2

*

GovtDecisionMakingOrg

InterventionOrganization

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

LaborLeader

-End11

-End2*

Side

GeographicalSubdivision

EconomicDivision MobilePopulation

GeneralPopulation

VehiclesEnvrionment

alPoliticalOrganizat

ionEconomicOrgan

izationSocialOrganizati

on

MarketsServiceBusiness

ManufacturingBusiness

Actors Ontology

CriminalLeader


Examples of individual and significant group actors

Actions Ontology

PoliticalActions

Actions

Political-Gov

Political-Pol

Political-ROL

Political-Overview

MilitaryActions

Military-Confl

Military-Gov

Military-Sec

Military-Oth

EconomicActions

Economic-Agri

Economic-Crime

Economic-Energy

Economic-Finance

Economic-Gov

Economic-Jobs

Economic-Oth

SocialActions

Social-BasicNds

Social-Edu

Social-Health

Social-Move

Social-Safety

Social-Oth

InformationActions

Info-General

Info-Media

Info-Opinions

Info-Ops

InfrastructureActions

Infrastructure-Business

Infrastructure-Educat

Infrastructure-Energy

Infrastructure-Gov

Infrastructure-Health

Infrastructure-Media

Infrastructure-Transport

Infrastructure-BasicNds

KineticActions

Logistics

Damage/Attrition

C4I

EnvironmentalActions

Atmospherics

Geometrics

Earth, water & other

Elements

Each action belongs to one or more of the PMESII categories

Provide advisors to govt officials

Educate governments

Train first responders

Train new political leaders Create governments Conduct elections

Supply governments Constitution creation

Establish, staff & fund transition govt

Employ international

diplomatic actions

Destabilize government

Mediate & negotiate with conflicting

parties

Maintain compliance with

peace accord milestones

& conditions

Monitor power sharing

arrangements

Transfer control of government

functionsto host nation

officials

Conduct policing operations

(Re)build & monitor law enforcement

organization

Train law enforcement

personnel

Change the penal system

Change the legal system

Provide advisors to police & criminal

justiceorganizations &

support establishment of

operations

Monitor and report on corruption by

govtofficials

Monitor human rights practices

Conduct war crimes investigations,

tribunals, etc.

Change property procedures

Conduct intervention Peace

Operations

Conduct Irregular War

Establish demilitarized zones,

sanctions, and arms

embargoes

Implement weapons control regimes

Demobilize, reduce, or reintegrate

military& paramilitary units

Create or reform & monitor military Train military forces

Create or reform & monitor intelligence

services

Train intelligence services

Conduct military exercises

Conduct intervention

Stability Operations

Rebuild water distribution

Rebuild water & sewage treatment

facilitiesRebuild dams Attack water

distribution

Attack water & sewage treatment

facilitiesAttack dams

Rebuild roads Rebuild railroads Rebuild bridges and tunnels

Attack roads Attack railroads Attack bridges and tunnels Attack seaports

Rebuild seaports Rebuild airports

Attack airports

Rebuild media infrastructure

Attack media infrastructure

Repair health infrastructure

Attack health infrastructure

Rebuild/replace mil vehicles Attack mil vehicles

Rebuild electricity production plants

Rebuild Extractive energy

transportation(Oil pipelines)

Attack elecricity production plants

Attack electricity distribution

Attack Extractive energy (Oil) production

Rebuild electricity distribution

Rebuild Extractive energy (Oil) production

Attack Extractive energy

transportation (Oil pipelines)

Rebuild schools & education

infrastructure

Attack schools & education

infrastructure

Rebuild shops & commercial structures & equipment

Attack shops & commercial structures & equipment

Provide security for Stability activities

Establish confidence-building

& securitymeasures

Safeguard institutions of

governance & keyofficials

Provide security assistance to the

host nation

Conduct security coordination

Provide force security

Provide security for Humanitarian

Assistanceactivities

ID, interdict & interrupt

recruitment bynon-nation state

actors

ID financial, institutional & local

supportfor non-nation state actors & disrupt it

Mitigate political & social instability & individual unrest actions by non-

nationstate actors

Provide consequence management

support

Clear mines/ place mines

Conduct piracy and anti-piracy operations


Humanitarian Assistanceoperations

Provide security for Peace Operation

activities

ID & interdict funding of non-

nation stateactors

Conduct Non-combatant Evacuation Operations

Support agriculture directly

Change agricultural policy

Support reduction of drug crops

Import energy

Create insurance system

Create interbanks payment system Create new currency Seek investment

capital

Develop microfinance

systemsCreate stock market

Privatize/Nationalize businesses

Change government economic policy

Assiste economic integration & cooperation

Strengthen commercial law

Change tax & trade policy

Provide job training & employment for

dischargedmilitary personnel

Create public works programs to

generatejobs

Change social safety net

Manage natural resources

Direct external participation in

economy(buying and selling

commodities)

Influence economy adversely

Import food Distribute food Distribute waterProvide sanitation &

waste water management

Distribute durable goods relief

Coordinate NGO activities

Provide temporary shelter/housing/

refugeecamps

Rebuild civilian housing

Preposition humanitarian relief

stocks

Negotiate w/ bureaucracies to get

relief

Attack civilian housing

Promote civic education

Provide education supplies Train teachers Provide job training

Support host nation health care

Provide medical treatment

Reduce likelihood of population movements

Resettle people

Health Emergency: famine, epidemic,

etc.

Provide social protection programs

Provide refugee camp security

Rebuild community

Provide anti-trafficking in

persons

Sponsor journalist training &

professionalization

Establish liaison programs with govt

Collect information (on infra, econ, govt

eff, percept, refugees, etc.)

Conduct benign public information

operations

Disseminate information

Conduct negative information operations

Engage in criminal activities

Attack vehicles

Rebuild/replace vehicles

Rebuild military structures

Attack military structures

Rebuild government structures

Attack government structures

Attack religious facilities

Rebuild religious facilities

Reduce pollution

Conduct terrorism and anti- and

counterterrorismops

Conduct personnel recovery ops

Conduct border control, boundary

securityand freedom of

movement

KineticActions

InfrastructureActions

SocialActionsEconomicActi

onsMilitaryActions

PoliticalActions

Actions

InformationActions

Political-Gov

Political-Pol

Political-ROL

Extort/suppress population/opposition

Conduct extrajudicial

activities (killings, intimidations)

Political-Overview

Military-Confl

Conduct conventional war

Establish observer missions &

interpose forces

Military-Gov

Military-Sec

Military-Oth

Economic-Agri

Economic-Crime

Economic-Energy

Economic-Finance

Economic-Gov

Economic-Jobs

Economic-Oth

Social-BasicNds

Social-Edu

Social-Health

Social-Move

Social-Safety

Social-Oth

Info-General

Info-Media

Info-Opinions

Info-Ops

Infrastructure-Business

Infrastructure-Social

Infrastructure-Energy

Infrastructure-Gov

Infrastructure-Transport

Infrastructure-Water

Logistics

Acquire equipment and material

Warehouse equipment and

material

Distribute equipment and

material

Move people, equipment and

material on theground


material throughthe air


material overthe water


material underthe water

Damage/Attrition

Cause air/space to subsurface sea

damage/attrition

Cause air/space to ground/sea surface damage/attrition

Cause air/space to air/space damage/

attrition

Cause ground/sea surface to subsurface

seadamage/attrition

Cause ground/sea surface to ground/

sea surfacedamage/attrition

Cause ground/sea surface to air/space

damage/attrition

Cause subsurface seato subsurface sea

damage/attrition

Cause subsurface seato ground/sea surfacedamage/

attrition

Cause subsurface seato air/space

damage/attrition

Cause high-yield explosives damage/

attrition

Cause chemical damage/attrition

Cause biological damage/attrition

Cause radiological damage/attrition

Cause collateral damage/attrition

C4I

Establish sensor processes

Establish communications

processes

Establish comand and control processes

EnvironmentalActions

Atmospherics

Geometrics

Earth, water & other

Obscurants: fog and manmade

Air movement/storms: blizzard/heavy snowfall;

huricane/cyclone/tropical storm/ thunderstorm/

lightning/wind/hail; tornado

Earth movement: earthquake;

landslide/mudlside/avalanche; volcanic

eruptions

Fire or wildfireWater movement: flood/dam failure;

tsunami/seiche

Manmade: nuclear powerplant/

hazardous materials/chemical

emergency; other manmade & technological

disasters

AttackWaterways

RebuildWaterways

Consume food

Produce goods & equipment

Consume goods & equipment

Produce waste

Rebuild manufacturing

structures & equipment

Attack manufacturing

structures & equipment

Rebuild agriculture structures,

equipment& livestock

Attack agriculture structures,

equipment& livestock

Actions Ontology

Change agricultural policy



Examples of actions with multiple connections

Environment Ontology

Each environmental element has both an environment type and belongs to one of the PMESII categories

PhysicalEnvironment

SocialEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

MilitaryEnvironment


PMESII


Elements

PassiveEnvironment

InfrastructureNaturalEnvironme

nt

Transportation EnergyWater ShelterDisaster-ManMade

Condition-ManMade

Disaster-Natural Condition-Natural

ConceptualEnvrionment

ImmediateNeedsGovernment GeneralBusiness Social Geography

Goods&Equipment

Business LegalGovernment Rights Conflict ServicesOpinion Dimensions

PassiveEnvironment

PhysicalEnvironment

SocialEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

MilitaryEnvironment


MilitaryStructures

Prisons

ShopsAndCommercialStructures

ArableLand

NaturalFeatures

CivilianHousing

MediaInfrastructure


ntPMESII


NaturalResources

IDP/RefugeeCamp

ReligiousBuildings

EducationBuildings

ElectricityProductionPlants

ElectricityDistributionInfrastructu

re

ExtractiveEnergyProductionInfras

tructure

ExtractiveEnergyTransportationInf

rastructure

GovernmentStructures

MilitaryVehicles

HealthInfrastructure

Roads

Railroads

BridgesAndTunnels

Seaports

Airports

NonMilitaryVehicles

WaterDistributionInfrastructur

e

WaterAndSewageTreatmentInf

rastructureDams

Pollution

ManMadeDisaster AirMovements EarthMovements

WaterMovementsFire

Temperature

Precipitation/Drought

Day/Night/Season

LandCharacterization

Seastate

TransportationInfra

EnergyInfraWaterInfra ShelterInfraDisaster-ManMade

Condition-ManMade

Obscurant

Disaster-Natural Condition-Natural


Governance

Rights&Freedoms

FactionalDisputesOverall CrimeLegalSystemTradi

tion

Corruption in central authority

HumanRightsDomesticGovtLeg

itimacyStability&Peace

GovtEffectiveness&Fairness

CivilUnrestDeath/Injury of

Combatants from Conflict

ProfessionalismOfArmedForces

Effectiveness of Disarmament

Black&GrayMarkets

MonetaryHealth FinancialSystem InsuranceSystem

ForeignInvestment

EconomicPolicyAvailabilityofAcce

ptableJobsEconomicFounda

tion

FoodSupplyPotableWaterSup

ply

WasteWaterTreatment

PropertyRightsJobRelatedEduca

tionSystem

Death&IllnessFromHealthIssues

Satisfactionof HealthRequireme

nts

StressMigrationFreedomOfMove

mentForcedPopulation

Movement

Safe&SecureEnvironment

SpiritualNeedsToleranceOfStatu

sQuo

Information&EntertainmentAvailabi

lity

PublicRecords&Transparency

InternationalMediaFreedom

OpinionsOfIndividuals

PlanarDimensions

VerticalDimension

Time

ImmediateNeeds

Waterways

GovernmentInfra BusinessInfra

ManufacturingStructures

AgricultureStructures

SocialInfra Geography

Goods&EquipmentEnvironment

AgricultureLivestock&Equipment

CommercialEquipment

Business LegalGovernment Rights Conflict ServicesCognitive Dimensions

GeographicSubdivision

Effectiveness of govt law

enforcement organizations

ConnectionBetweenLawEnforceme

ntAndMilitary

PoliticalPersecution

ForeignConflictNon-

nationStateActorFunding

CriticalIndustriesDrug cultivation

PerceptionOfChangeInSocialStatu

s

PerceptionThatInterestsRepresente

d

KeyIdeas

ChangeInGovtLeadership

Agriculture Production

Energy supply and distribution

ReturnOfExpatriates

Changes in population

composition

NegativeImpact of Intervention (rapes, etc.)

Observation of social

anniversaries

Non-nationStateActor

Recruiting

PoliticalLeaderDecisionMaking

Economic Decision Making

Social issue decision making

Cooperation between govt military and intervenors

General infrastructure

GovernmentDecisionMaking

MilitaryDecisionMaking

GeneralTransportationInfrastructu

re

GeneralEnergyInfrastructure

OverallImmediateNeedsOfThePeopl

e

BasicNaturalResourceManagement

InternationalGovtLegitimacy

EffectivenessOfGovtMilitary

EffectivenessOfCentralAuthority

GeneralEconomy

EconomicStatistics

RelationshipWithIntervenors

CorruptionInMilitary

CorruptionInBusiness

CorruptionInCulture

CorruptionInSocialServices

Drug manufactureDrug

transshipment

Drug use

Common crime

Drug crime Organized crime Political crime

Effectiveness and Fairness of admin

of justice

Corruption in law enforcement

DomesticMediaFreedom

OpinionsChangesOfIndividuals

Death/Injury of Civilians from

Conflict

Property destruction from

conflict

Demobilized armed forces

Resolution of difference by

competing groups

Opposition party use of force

Non-nationStateActorPopularSupport

TrashDisposal

EmploymentLevel

SocialNormsOpinionsOfGroup

s

OpinionsOfPopulations

OpinionsChangesOfGroups

OpinionsChangesOfPopulations

Environment Ontology


tructureFinancialSystem

Examples of two environmental elements

Metric Ontology of the State Variables

Metric Ontology Elements• State variables describe the Operational

Environment– Actors

– Actions

– Environment

• Metrics are derived from the Operational Environment ontologies’ elements

– “Train teachers”• Action: state variable giving the impact of the action

– “Migrants”• Conceptual Environment: state variable describing the

extent of existence of migrants

• Significant Group Actor (if so modeled): state variable describing the characteristics of the group

– “Epidemic”• Action: state variable giving the impact of the action

• Physical Actor (if so modeled): state variable describing the extent of the epidemic

– “Flood/Tsunami”• Environmental element ): state variable describing the

extent of the flood/tsunami

• Action (if so modeled): state variable describing the impact of the action

• Physical Actor (if so modeled): state variable describing the characteristics of the flood/tsunami


Performs

Affects Describedby

Perceivedby

Includes

15

Actor

Actor

PhysicalEnvironment


SocialEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

MilitaryEnvironment


KeyLeader

GovernmentTypeOrganization

PoliticalLeaderProPeaceLeader AgitatorLeader


MilitaryLeader

InterventionForce

GovernmentMilitaryForce

ArmedForce

DemobilizedArmedForce

PrivateSecurityForce

ParamilitaryForce

SocialServicesOrganization

ExternalGovernmentAdvisor

ExternalAgitatorOrganization

JudicialOrganization

LawEnforcementOrganization

DiplomatLeader

IntelligenceServiceOrganization

RegimeSponsoredNonMilitaryArmedOrganization

NonGovernmentArmedLeader

InsurgentOrganization

TerroristOrganization

CriminalLeader


WorkerOrganization

BusinessLeader

EconomicSector

TourismBusiness

NonGovernmentOrganization

NGOLeader EducationLeader

InternallyDisplacedPopul

ation

Migrants(PulledFromOuts

ide)

Refugees(PushedFromOu

tside)

HealthEmergency(FamineEpidemic)

Expatriates

StaticPopulation

FamilyFirstRespoderOrg

anization

SocialLeader SpiritualLeader

MediaLeader

MilitaryVehicleNonMilitaryVehicl

e

AirMovementEarthMovement WaterMovement Fire




PhysicalActor-

Conceptual

PMESII


OtherIndividual

PoliticalPopulation

SocialFaction ReligiousFactionReligiousPo

pulation

CulturalPopulation

PoliticalFaction

CriminalPopulati

on

-End11

-End2*

ManMadeDisaster

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11-End2*-End11

-End2* -End11-End2* -End11-End2*

-End11-End2

*

-End11-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

MediaBusiness TransportBusiness EnergyBusinessAgricultureBusines

sFinancialServicesB

usiness

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

-End11-End2

*

-End11

-End2

*

GovtDecisionMakingOrg

InterventionOrganization

-End11

-End2*

-End11

-End2*

LaborLeader

-End11

-End2*

Side

GeographicalSubdivision

EconomicDivision MobilePopulation

GeneralPopulation

VehiclesEnvrionment

alPoliticalOrganizat

ionEconomicOrgan

izationSocialOrganizati

on

MarketsServiceBusiness

ManufacturingBusiness

Action

Pr o vid e ad vis o rs t o go vt offi c ia ls

Ed uc a te go ver n me nt s

Tr ain fi rs t r es po nd er s

Tr ain n ew p o liti c al le ade rs Cr e ate go ver nm e nt s Co n du c t e lec ti on s

Su pp ly go ve rn m ent s Co n sti t uti o n c r eati o n

Es t ab lis h, s ta ff & fu n d t ra ns iti o n go vt

Em p loy in te rn ati on al

d iplo m ati c ac ti on s

D es t ab iliz e go ver n me nt

M ed iat e & n ego tia te wi th c on fli c tin g

p ar tie s

M ai nt ain c om p lian c e w it h

p eac e ac c or d m iles t o nes

& c on d itio ns

M o nit or p ow er s ha ri ng

ar r ang em en ts

Tr an s fe r c o nt r ol o f go ver n me nt

fu n cti o nst o h os t na tio n

o ffi c ials

Co n du c t p oli c ing o per ati o ns

( R e)b uild & m on it or law en fo r c em en t

o rga niz a tio n

Tr ain la w en fo r c em en t

p er so nn el

Ch an ge t h e p ena l s ys t em

Ch an ge t h e le gal s ys t em

Pr o vid e ad vis o rs t o p olic e & c r im ina l

ju s tic eo rga niz a tio ns &

s up po r t es t ab lis hm e nt of

o per ati o ns

M o nit or an d re po rt o n c o rr up ti on by

go vto ffi c ials

M o nit or h um an r igh ts p ra c tic e s

Co n du c t w ar c ri me s in ves ti gati o ns,

t rib un als, et c.

Ch an ge p r op er ty p ro c ed ur es

Co n du c t in te rv enti o n P eac e

O p er ati on s

Co n du c t Ir r egu lar W a r

Es t ab lis h d em ilit ar iz ed z on es,

s an c tio ns, an d a rm s

em b ar goe s

Im p lem en t w ea po ns c on t ro l r egim e s

D em o bili ze, r ed uc e, o r r ein t egr at e

m ilit ar y& p ar am ilit ar y un it s

Cr e ate or r ef or m & m on it or m ilit ar y Tr ain m ilit ar y f or c es

Cr e ate or r ef or m & m on it or in te llige nc e

s er vic e s

Tr ain in te llige nc e s er vic e s

Co n du c t m ilit ar y ex er c is es

Co n du c t in te rv enti o n

St ab ilit y O p er ati on s

R eb uild wa te r d is tr ib uti on

R eb uild wa te r & s ew age tr ea tm en t

fa c iliti esR eb uild da m s A tt ac k wat er

d is tr ib uti on

A tt ac k wat er & s ew age tr ea tm en t

fa c iliti esA tt ac k da ms

R eb uild r oad s R eb uild r ailr oa ds R eb uild br id ges a nd t un ne ls

A tt ac k ro ad s A tt ac k ra ilr oad s A tt ac k br id ges an d t un ne ls A tt ac k s eap or t s

R eb uild s eap o rt s R eb uild air p or ts

A tt ac k air po r ts

R eb uild m ed ia in fr as t ru c tu r e

A tt ac k m edi a in fr as t ru c tu r e

R ep air he alt h in fr as t ru c tu r e

A tt ac k he alt h in fr as t ru c tu r e

R eb uild/r ep lac e m il ve hic le s A tt ac k m il veh ic le s

R eb uild ele c tr ic it y p ro du c tio n pla nt s

R eb uild Ext r ac ti ve en er gy

t ra ns p or ta tio n( O il pip elin es)

A tt ac k ele c ric it y p ro du c tio n pla nt s

A tt ac k ele c tr ic it y d is tr ib uti on

A tt ac k Ext ra c tiv e en er gy ( O il) p ro du c tio n

R eb uild ele c tr ic it y d is tr ib uti on

R eb uild Ext r ac ti ve en er gy ( O il) p ro du c tio n

A tt ac k Ext ra c tiv e en er gy

t ra ns p or ta tio n (O il pip elin es)

R eb uild s c ho ols & ed uc a tio n

in fr as t ru c tu r e

A tt ac k s c ho ols & ed uc a tio n

in fr as t ru c tu r e

R eb uild s ho ps & c om m er c ia l

s tr u c tu re s & eq ui pm en t

A tt ac k s ho ps & c om m er c ia l


Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty f or St ab ilit y ac ti viti e s

Es t ab lis h c on fi de nc e-b uild in g

& s ec u ri tym eas u r es

Sa feg uar d in s tit uti o ns o f

go ver n anc e & ke yo ffi c ials

Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty as s is t an c e t o t he

h os t nati o n

Co n du c t s ec u r ity c oo r din ati on

Pr o vid e fo r c e s ec u ri ty

Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty f or H um a nit ar ian

A s s is ta nc eac ti viti e s

ID , in te rd ic t & in te rr u pt

r ec r uit m en t b yn on- n ati on s ta te

ac t or s

ID fi na nc ia l, in s tit uti o na l & lo c al

s up po r tfo r no n-n ati on s ta te

ac t or s & d is ru pt it

M iti ga te po liti c al & s oc i al in s ta bilit y & in div idu al u nr es t

ac ti o ns b y no n-n ati on

s ta te ac t or s

Pr o vid e c on s eq ue nc e m an age me nt

s up po r t

Cl ear m in es/ p lac e m ine s

Co n du c t p ir ac y an d an ti-p ira c y o per ati o ns

Co n du c t in te rv enti o n

H um a nit ar ian A s s is ta nc e

o per ati o ns

Pr o vid e s ec u ri ty f or Pe ac e O pe ra tio n

ac ti viti e s

ID & in te rd ic t fu n din g o f n on-

n ati on s ta teac t or s

Co n du c t N o n-c om b at an t Ev ac ua tio n O p er ati on s

Su pp or t agr ic ul tu re d ire c tly

Ch an ge a gr ic ult u ra l p olic y

Su pp or t re du c tio n of d ru g c r op s

Im p or t e ne rg y

Cr e ate in su r anc e s ys t em

Cr e ate in te rb an ks p aym en t s y st em Cr e ate ne w c u rr en c y Se ek in ve st m en t

c ap it al

D ev elo p m ic r ofi na nc e

s ys t em sCr e ate s to c k m ar ke t

Pr iv ati ze/N ati o na liz e b us in es s es

Ch an ge g ove rn m en t ec o no m ic po lic y

A s s is te ec o no mi c in te gr ati on & c oo p er ati on

St r eng th en c om m er c ia l law

Ch an ge t ax & t ra de p olic y

Pr o vid e jo b t r ain ing & em p loy me nt fo r

d is c har ge dm ilit ar y p er s on nel

Cr e ate pu bl ic wo rk s p ro gr am s to

ge ner at ejo bs

Ch an ge s o c ial sa fe ty n et

M an age na tu r al r es ou r c es

D ir ec t ext er na l p ar tic ip ati o n in

ec o no m y(b uyin g a nd se llin g

c om m o diti es)

In flu en c e e c on om y ad ver s ely

Im p or t f oo d D is t rib ut e fo od D is t rib ut e wat erPr o vid e s an ita ti on &

wa s te wa te r m an age me nt

D is t rib ut e du ra ble go od s re lief

Co o rd ina te N G O ac ti viti e s

Pr o vid e t em po r ary s he lt er/h ou si ng/

r ef uge ec am p s

R eb uild c ivil ian h ou si ng

Pr e po si tio n h um an ita ri an r e lief

s to c ks

N eg oti at e w/ b ur eau c r ac ies t o g et

r elie f

A tt ac k c ivilia n h ou si ng

Pr o m ot e c ivi c ed uc a tio n

Pr o vid e ed uc a tio n s up pl ies Tr ain t eac h er s Pr o vid e jo b t r ain ing

Su pp or t ho s t n ati on h ealt h c are

Pr o vid e m ed ic al t re at me nt

R ed uc e l ikeli ho od of p op ula tio n

m ov em en tsR es ett l e p eop le

H ea lth Em er ge nc y: fa m ine, ep id em ic,

et c.

Pr o vid e s oc i al p ro te c tio n pr ogr am s

Pr o vid e r ef uge e c am p s ec ur it y

R eb uild c om m u nit y

Pr o vid e an ti-t ra ffi c kin g in

p er so ns

Sp on s or jo ur na lis t t ra inin g &

p ro fe ss io na liz ati o n

Es t ab lis h l iais o n p ro gr am s wit h govt

Co lle c t in fo r ma ti on ( o n in fr a, ec o n, go vt

eff, p er c ept, r ef uge es, et c.)

Co n du c t b en ign p ub lic in fo rm ati o n

o per ati o ns

D is s em in at e in fo rm ati o n

Co n du c t n ega tiv e in fo rm ati o n o per ati o ns

En gag e in c ri min al ac ti viti e s

A tt ac k veh ic les

R eb uild/r ep lac e ve hic le s

R eb uild m ilit ar y s tr u c tu re s

A tt ac k m ilit ar y s tr u c tu re s

R eb uild go ver nm e nt s tr u c tu re s

A tt ac k gov er nm en t s tr u c tu re s

A tt ac k re ligio us fa c iliti es

R eb uild r eligi ou s fa c iliti es

R ed uc e p ol luti o n

Co n du c t t er r or is m an d a nti- an d

c ou n te rt er ro r is m op s

Co n du c t p er s on ne l r ec o ver y o ps

Co n du c t b or de r c on t ro l, b ou nd ar y

s ec u ri tyan d f r eed om o f

m ov em en t

Ki n et ic Ac ti on

s

In f r as tr u c tu r e

Ac t io n sS o c ia lAc ti o nsE c o no m icA ct i

o n sM il ita r yA ct io n sP o li tic a lAc t io n

s

Ac t io n s

In f o rm at io n Ac

t io n s

P o li tic a l-G o v

P o li tic a l-P o l

P o li tic a l-RO L

Ext o rt/s up pr es s p op ula tio n/o pp os iti on

Co n du c t ex tr aju di ci al

ac ti viti e s ( kil ling s, in tim id ati o ns)

P o li tic a l-

O ve r vi ew

M il ita r y- Co n f l

Co n du c t c on ve nti on al w ar

Es t ab lis h o bs e rv er m is s ion s &

in te rp os e fo rc e s

M il ita r y-G o v

M il ita r y- S e c

M il ita r y- O th

E c o no m ic-Ag r i

E c o no m ic-Cr i m e

E c o no m ic-E n e rg y

E c o no m ic-F in a n ce

E c o no m ic-

G o v

E c o no m ic-

J ob s

E c o no m ic- O th

S o c ia l-

Ba s ic Nd s

S o c ia l-E d u

S o c ia l- He a lth

S o c ia l- M o ve

S o c ia l- S a fe ty

S o c ia l- O th

In f o- G en e r al

In f o- M e di a

In f o-O p in io n s

In f o- O p s

In f r as tr u c tu r e-

Bu s in e ss


S o c ia l


E n e rg y

In f r as tr u c tu r e-G o v


T r an s p o rt

In f r as tr u c tu r e-W a t er

L o g is tic s

A c qu ir e eq ui pm en t an d m a te ria l

W a re ho us e eq ui pm en t a nd

m at er ial

D is t rib ut e eq ui pm en t a nd

m at er ial

M o ve p eo ple, eq ui pm en t a nd

m at er ial o n t he gro un d


m at er ial t h ro ug ht he air


m at er ial o ve rt he wa te r


m at er ial u n der t he wa te r

Da m a g e/

At t ri ti on

Ca us e air/s pa c e t o s ub s ur fa c e s ea

d am age/att riti o n

Ca us e air/s pa c e t o gr ou nd/s ea su r fac e


Ca us e air/s pa c e t o air/s pa c e d am age/

att riti o n

Ca us e gro u nd/s ea s ur f ac e t o

s ub s ur fa c e s ea dam a ge/att riti o n

Ca us e gro u nd/s ea s ur f ac e t o g ro un d/

s ea su r fac e da ma ge/att riti o n

Ca us e gro u nd/s ea s ur f ac e t o a ir/s pa c e


Ca us e su b su r fac e s ea to s ub s ur fa ce s ea


Ca us e su b su r fac e s ea to gr ou nd/s ea s ur f ac ed am age/

att riti o n

Ca us e su b su r fac e s ea to air/s pa c e


Ca us e hig h- yie ld ex plo s ives d am age/

att riti o n

Ca us e c hem ic a l d am age/att riti o n

Ca us e bio log ic al d am age/att riti o n

Ca us e ra dio log ic al d am age/att riti o n

Ca us e c olla te ra l d am age/att riti o n

C4 I

Es t ab lis h s e ns o r p ro c es s es

Es t ab lis h c om m u nic a tio ns

p ro c es s es

Es t ab lis h c o m an d an d c o nt r ol

p ro c es s es

E n v ir o nm en t al

Ac t io n s

At m o s ph e r ic s

G eo m e tr i cs

E a r th, w at er &

o th e r

O b s c ur an ts: fo g a nd m an ma de

A ir m ove me nt/s to r m s: b liz z ar d/h eavy s no wf all;

h ur ic an e/c yc lo ne/t ro pic a l s to r m/ t hu nd er s to rm/

lig ht nin g/wi nd/h ail; t or na do

Ea rt h m o vem e nt: ea rt hq u ake;

lan d sl ide/m ud ls id e/av alan c he; vo lc an ic

er u pti on s

F ir e o r wild fi reW a te r m o vem en t: fl oo d/d am fa ilur e;

t su n am i/s eic h e

M an m ad e: n uc le ar p ow er pla nt/

h az ar do us m at er ials/c he m ic al

em e rge nc y; o th er m an ma de &

t ec hn o logi c ald is as te rs

A tt ac k W at er wa ys

R eb uild W at er w ays

Co n su m e f oo d

Pr o du c e go od s & eq ui pm en t

Co n su m e go od s & eq ui pm en t

Pr o du c e w as te

R eb uild m an uf ac t ur ing


A tt ac k m an uf ac t ur ing


R eb uild agr ic u lt ur e s tr u c tu re s,

eq ui pm en t& liv es to c k

A tt ac k agr ic u ltu re s tr u c tu re s,

eq ui pm en t& liv es to c k

Environment

PassiveEnvironment

PhysicalEnvironment

SocialEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

MilitaryEnvironment


MilitaryStructures

Prisons

ShopsAndCommercialStructures

Arable Land

NaturalFeatures

CivilianHousing

MediaI nfrastructure


ntPMESI I


BasicNaturalResources

IDP/Refuge eCamp

ReligiousBuildings

EducationBuildings

ElectricityProductionPlants

ElectricityDistributionInfrastructu

re


tructure

ExtractiveEnergyTransportationInf

rastructure

GovernmentStructures

MilitaryVehicles

HealthInfrastructure

Roads

Railroa ds

BridgesAndTunnels

Seaports

Airports

NonMilitaryVehicles

WaterDistributionInfra structur

e

WaterAndSewageTreatmentInf

rastructureDams

Pollution

ManMa deDisaster AirMov ements EarthM ovements

WaterMovementsFire

Temperature

Precipitation /Drought

Day/Night/Season

LandCharacterization

Seastate

Transportation EnergyWater ShelterDisaster-ManMa de

Condition -ManMa de

Obscurant

Disaster-Natural Condition -Natural


Governance

PoliticalRights&Freedoms

PoliticalDisputesCrimeLegalSystemTradi

tion

Corruption

HumanRightsGovtLegitimacy Stability&Peace

GovtEffectiveness&Fairness

CivilUnrestComba tDeath/

Injury/DestructionMilitaryQuality

DisarmamentDemobiliationReconst

itution

Black &GrayM arkets

MonetaryHealth

FinancialSystem InsuranceSystem

ForeignInvestment

EconomicPolicy JobsSituationEconomicStatus

FoodSupplyPotableWaterSup

ply

Trash&SewageSystems

PropertyRights EducationSystem

Death&Illness FromHealthIssues

HealthSystem

StressMigration

FreedomOfMovement ForcedPopulation

Movement

Safe&SecureEnvironment

SpiritualNeedsToleranceOfStatu

sQuo

Information &EntertainmentAvailabi

lity

PublicRecords&TransparencyMediaFreedom

OpinionsOfPopulations /Groups/

Individuals

PlanarDimensions

VerticalDimension

Time

ImmediateNeeds

Waterways

Government GeneralBusiness

ManufacturingStructures

AgricultureStructures

Social Geography

Goods&EquipmentEnvironment

AgricultureLivestock&Equipment

CommercialEquipment

Business LegalGovernment Rights Conflic t ServicesOpinion Dimensions

GeographicSubdivision

LegalEffectiveness

Conne ctionBetweenLawEnforceme

ntAndMilitary

PoliticalPersecution

ForeignConflict

Non-nationStateActorFundingRecruitin

gSupport

Critica lIndustriesDrug Business

PerceptionOfChangeInSocialStatu

s

PerceptionThatInterestsRepresente

d

KeyIdeas&Norms

ChangeInGovtLeadership

Agriculture Production

Energy supply and distribution

ReturnOfExpatriates

Changes in population

composition

NegativeImpact of Intervention (rapes, etc .)

Observation of social

anniversaries

Resolution of differences, force

PoliticalLeaderDecisionMaking

Economic Decision Making

Social issue decisi on making

Relationships with intervenors

General infrastructure

Metric

Metric Ontology

Action Ontology

EnvironmentOntology

Actor Ontology

Creating Metric Types

Action

Change in State of Environment

Described by

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

LOE #

Actor

Nature of ActorDescribed by

Actor Subcategory

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

LOE #

Environmental Element

State of Environment

Described by

Environment Subcategory

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

LOE #

Metric Properties

17

Metric

SampleMetricValue1

FULL FILENAME

C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY\IWMETRICS ONTOLOGY DESIGN 031011.VSD

«instance»

Metric Type Attributes (DL9)

Metric Value Qualifiers (DL10)

· describesOpEnvElt (in OF02)· impactedByLOE (in OF08)· versionInfo (OWL annotation property)· classificationLevel (annotation property)· associatedHSCBtaxonomyElement (annotation property)

Dublin Core Metadata Properties

Dublin Core Metadata Properties

· subjectOrganization · subjectLocation · trustLevel · relatedCOCOM · unitOfMeasure · metricValue · relatedDoSRegionalBureau · relatedDoSFunctionalBureau · responsibleOrganization · collectionSystemUsed · sourceMetricValue · valueRepresentation· beginningDateTime· endingDateTime· valueDatatype · derivedMetric· dateCollected· transformedMetric· obtainedFrom· dateObtained

Example Mapping of Political Environment to Associated Metric Types

18

Political Environment

Governance

CentralAuthorityEffectivenessRating

ConstitutionReformProgressMoP

ElectionsConductedProgressMoP

ExternalGovtAdvisorsMoP

FirstRespondersActivityRating

FirstRespondersJobsCreatedMoP

FirstRespondersTrainedProgressMoP

GovernanceRating

GovtDecisionAuthRating

GovtDecisionMakingRating

GovtDestabilizationActivityMoP

GovtLeaderChangeRating

GovtPersonnelEducatedProgressMoP

GovtReformProgressMoP

GovtSuppliesDeliveredMoP

InternatnlDiploActionsMoP

PoliticalLeadersTrainedProgressMoP

RelationshipWithIntervenorsRating

SocialServicesAdequacyRating

TransitionGovtCreationProgressMoP

Overview

CivilStabilityAndDurablePeaceLevelRatingMoPE

GovtDomesticLegitimacyRatingMoFE

GovtInternatnlLegitimacyRating

InstitutionsOfGovernanceEffectivenessAndFairnessRatingMoFE

KeyLeaderDiplomatsRating

SideActivityRating

Politics

ComplianceWithPeaceAccordsMoP

ExternalAntiPeaceForcesActivityRating

FactionalDisputeRating

FreedomRating

GovtTypeOrganizationActivityRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalAntiPeaceRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalDecisionMakingRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalProPeaceRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalRating

MediationAndNegotiationsMoP

OppositionPartyUseOfForceRating

PoliticalPersecutionRating

PowersharingMonitoringMoP

ResolutionOfDifferencesByCompetingGroupsRating

TransferOfControlToHNProgressMoP

Rule of Law

AdministrationOfJusticeEffectivenessAndFairnessRating

CommonCrimeRating

ConnectionBetweenPoliceAndMilitaryRating

CorruptionInCentralAuthorityRating

CorruptionInLawEnforcementRating

CorruptionInPublicOfficeRating

CorruptionInSocialServicesRating

CourtTypeOrganizationRating

DrugCrimeRating

ExternalJusticeAdvisorsMoP ExtortionEtcActivityMoP

ExtrajudicialActivityMoP

GovtCorruptionMonitoringMoP

GovtPoliceForcesEffectivenssRating

HumanRightsMonitoringMoP LawEnforcementOrganizationRating

LegalSystemReformProgressMoP

LegalSystemTradition

OrganizedCrimeRating

OverallCrimeRating

PenalSystemReformProgressMoP

PoliceForceReformProgressMoP

PolicemenJobsCreatedMoP

PolicemenTrainedProgressMoP

PolicingOperationsActivityMoP

PoliticalCrimeRating

PrisonStructureAdequacyRating

PropertyReformProgressMoP

ProtectionOfHumanRightsRating

WarCrimesActivitiesProgressMoP

GovernanceRating


Connections to secondary PMESII Subcategories are not shown

LOEs Selected for the Ontology

19

Source: mapping from

metric type to LOE (DL7)

Metric

FreedomRating KeyLeaderPoliticalRating

SampleMetricValue1 SampleMetricValue2 SampleMetricValue3

«instance»«instance» «instance»

OperationalEnvironmentCharacteristic

ImpactedByLOE

SMVAID001 SMVAID002 SMVAID003

Source: taxonomy of operational

environment characteristics (DL1)

Source: list of metrics

types in TRAC catalog

(DL2)

Source: list of sample metric values (DL8)

Source: mapping from

metric type to

operational environment

element (DL3)

More items than shown

Directly entered items

Content maintained in database

DL Design List

author

Source: tables listing metric

type annotation attribute

properties including Dublin

Core (DL9)

Source: tables listing metric

value qualifier properties

including Dublin Core (DL10)

value

units

LineOfEffort

Source: list of LOEs (DL6)

Metrics Categories (based on PMESII+)

Metrics Categories (based on LOEs)

Metrics

impactedBy

Subclass

Property

Legend

FULL FILENAME

C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY DESIGN DIAGRAMS\IWMETRICS ONTOLOGY DESIGN 070711.VSD

FreedomHouseFreedomRating AfghanPresidentPoliticalRatingSource: list of metrics

types used in TWG

(DL20)

EnvironmentCharacteristic

PoliticalEnvironmentCharacteristic

GovernanceCharacteristic

EconomicEnvironmentCharacteristic

Metric Ontology Class/Property Design

20

OperationalEnvironment

Ontology

Line of EffortOntology State

VariablesOntology

TRAC IWMetric

Ontology

MetricsEmployedOntology

SampleInstance

File

Beyond the Ontology

Model of ~400 Metric Types + DIME Actions

GovtDecisionAuthorityRating

GovernanceRating

GovtLeaderChangeRating

CentralAuthorityEffectivenessRating

SocialServicesAdequacyRating

GovtDecisionMakingRating

RelationshipWithIntervenorsRating

Provide advisors to govt officials

Educate governments

Train first responders

Train new political leaders

Create governments

Conduct elections

Supply governments

Constitution creation

Establish, staff & fund transition govt

Employ international

diplomatic actions

Destabilize government

KeyLeaderPoliticalDecisionMakingRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalProPeaceRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalAntiPeaceRating

ExternalAntiPeaceForcesActivityRating

OppositionPartyUseOfForceRating

FactionalDisputeRating

ResolutionOfDifferencesByCompetingGr

oupsRating

Mediate & negotiate with conflicting

partiesMaintain compliance with

peace accord milestones

& conditions

Monitor power sharing

arrangements

Transfer control of government

functionsto host nation

officials

CommonCrimeRating

DrugCrimeRating

OrganizedCrimeRating

OverallCrimeRating

CorruptionInCultureRating

CorruptionInSocialServicesRating


Conduct policing operations

(Re)build & monitor police force

Train police forces

Assist in establishing humane penal

systems

Assist in establishing/

reforming legitimatelegal system

Provide advisors to police & criminal

justiceorganizations &

support establishment of

operations

Monitor and report on corruption by

govtofficials

Monitor human rights practices

Conduct war crimes investigations,

tribunals, etc.

Extort/suppress population/opposition

Reform property procedures

CorruptionInCentralAuthorityRating

ConnectionBetweenPoliceAndMilitaryRa

ting

GovtPoliceForcesEffectivenessRating

PrisonStructureAdequacyRating

ProtectionOfHumanRightsRating

AdministrationOfJusticeEffectivenessAnd

FairnessRating

SideActivityRating

GovtDomesticLegitimacyRatingMoFE

GovtInternationalInternatnlLegitimacyRa

ting

InstitutionsOfGovernanceEffectivenessAndFairnessRatingMo

FE

CivilStabilityAndDurablePeaceLevelRatin

gMoPE

CivilUnrestLevelRatingMoFE

ConflictCivilianDeathAndInjuryRating

ConflictCombatantDeathAndInjuryRating

ConflictPropertyDestructionRating

DisarmamentEffectivenessRating


Operations

Conduct Irregular War

Establish demilitarized zones,

sanctions, and arms

embargoes

Establish observer missions &

interpose forces

Implement weapons control regimes

CooperationBetweenHNMilitaryAndInte

rvenorsRating

RegimeSponsoredNonMilitaryArmedFor

cesActivityRating

DemobilizedArmedForcesActivityRating

ArmedForcesProfessionalismRating

HNMilitaryEffectivenessRatingMoFE

Demobilize, reduce, or reintegrate

military& paramilitary units

Create or reform & monitor military

Train military forces

Create or reform & monitor intelligence

services

Train intelligence services

Conduct military exercises


Stability Operations

WaterDistributionInfraCapacityRating

WaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraCapacit

yRating

DamsCapacityRating

Rebuild water lines

Rebuild water & sewage treatment

facilities

Rebuild dams

Attack water lines

Attack water & sewage treatment

facilities

Attack dams

TransportInfraCapacityRating

RoadCapacityRating

RailroadCapacityRating

Rebuild roads

Rebuild railroads

Rebuild bridges and tunnels

Attack roads

Attack railroads

Attack bridges and tunnels

BridgeAndTunnelCapacityRating

SeaportCapacityRating

AirportCapacityRating

Attack seaports

Rebuild seaports

Rebuild airports

Attack airports

MediaInfraCapacityRating

Rebuild telecommunications

Attack telecommunications

HealthInfraCapacityRating

Repair health infrastructure

Attack health infrastructure

GovtStructuresCapacityRating

Rebuild/replace mil vehicles

Attack mil vehicles

ElectricProductionCapacityRating

GeneralEnergyInfraCapacityRating

Rebuild electricity production plants



Attack elecricity production plants

Attack electricity distribution

ElectricDistributionCapacityRating

ExtractiveEnergyProductionCapacityRati

ng

ExtractiveEnergyTransportCapacityRatin

g

Attack Extractive energy (Oil) production

Rebuild electricity distribution

Rebuild Extractive energy (Oil) production

Attack Extractive energy

transportation (Oil pipelines)

EducationInfraCapacityRating

Rebuild schools & education

infrastructure

Attack schools & education

infrastructure

BusinessInfraCapacityRating

Rebuild shops & commercial structures

Attack shops & commercial structures

Provide security for Stability activities

Establish confidence-building

& securitymeasures

Safeguard institutions of

governance & keyofficials

Provide security assistance to the

host nation

Conduct security coordination

Provide force security

Provide security for Humanitarian

Assistanceactivities

KeyLeaderMilitaryDecisionMakingRating

ParamilitaryForcesActivityRating

InsurgentsActivityRating

TerroristsActivityRating

CorruptionInMilitaryRating

ID, interdict & interrupt

recruitment bynon-nation state

actors

ID financial, institutional & local

supportfor non-nation state actors & disrupt it

Mitigate political & social instability & individual unrest actions by non-

nationstate actors

Provide consequence management

supportClear mines/ place

mines

Conduct anti-piracy operations


Humanitarian Assistanceoperations

Provide security for Peace Operation

activities

ID & interdict funding of non-

nation stateactors

Conduct Non-combatant Evacuation Operations

AgProductionRating

AgBusinessRating

Support agriculture directly

Reform agricultural policy

Support reduction of drug crops

DrugUseRating

DrugCultivationRating

DrugManufactureRating

DrugTransshipmentRating

BlackMarketActivityRating

CorruptionInBusinessRating

Import energy

EnergySupplyAndDistributionLevelRating

EnergyBusinessRating

MonetaryHealthRating

FinancialSystemRating

FinancialBusinessRating

ForeignInvestmentLevelRating

Create insurance system

Create interbanks payment system Create new currency

Seek investment capital

Develop microfinance

systemsCreate stock market

GovernmentEconomicPolicyRating

Assist targeted privatization

Reform government economic policy

Assiste economic integration & cooperation

Strengthen commercial law

Reform tax & trade policy

AcceptableJobAvailabilityRating

EmploymentLevelRating

Provide job training & employment for

dischargedmilitary personnel

Create public works programs to

generatejobs

Reform social safety net

KeyLeaderEconomicDecisionMakingRati

ng

MarketsRating Manage natural resources

Direct external participation in

economy(buying and selling

commodities)

Influence economy adversely

GeneralEconomyRatingMoFE

BasicNaturalResourceCapacityRating

CriticalIndustriesRating

EconomicStatisticsRating

TransportBusinessRating

TourismIndustryRating

CommercialSectorRating

MediaBusinessRating

FoodSupplyRating

PotableWaterSupplyRating

CivilianHousingCapacityRating

PropertyOwnershipRating

Import food

Distribute food

Distribute water

Provide sanitation & waste water management

Distribute non-food relief

Coordinate NGO activities

OverallImmediateNeedsOfThePeopleSat

isfiedMoFE

Provide temporary shelter/housing/

refugeecamps

Rebuild civilian housing

Preposition humanitarian relief

stocks

Negotiate w/ bureaucracies to get

relief

Attack civilian housing

JobRelatedEducationSystemRating

Promote civic education

Provide education supplies

Train teachers

Provide job help

DeathAndIllnessFromHealthIssuesRatin

g

Support health nation health care

Provide medical treatment

SatisfactionOfHealthRequirementsRating

InternallyDisplacedPopulationActivityRat

ing

Reduce likelihood of population movements

Resettle people

MigrantsActivityRating

StressMigrationActivityRating

FreedomOfMovementRating

RefugeeCampsCapacityRating

ReturnOfExpatriatesRating

ExpatriatesActivityRating

ChangesInPopulationCompositionRating

Health Emergency: famine, epidemic,

etc.

GovtTypeOrganizationActivityRating

KeyLeaderPoliticalRating

InterventionForcesActivityRating

GovernmentMilitaryForcesActivityRating

IntelligenceServicesRating KeyLeaderMilitaryR

ating

KeyLeaderNonGovtArmedRating

CriminalsActivityRating

WorkersActivityRating

KeyLeaderBusinessRating

NGOActivityRating

KeyLeaderNGORating

KeyLeaderEducationRating

Provide social protection programs

Provide refugee camp security

PerceptionOfSafeAndSecureEnvironmen

tMoFE

Rebuild community

Provide anti-trafficking in

persons

SocialIssueDecisionMakingRating

ObservationOfSocialAnniversariesRating

PerceptionByPeopleThatTheirInterestsAreRepresentedRating

PerceptionByPeopleOfChangesInTheirSo

cialStatusRatingSatisfactionOfPeoplesSpritualtNeedsRat

ing

ToleranceByPeopleOfTheStatusQuoMoFE

FamilyActivityRating

KeyLeaderSocialAndSpiritualRating

SocialNormsInfluenceRating

KeyIdeasInfluenceRating

GroupActivityRating

InformationAndEntertainmentAvailabilit

yRating

FreedomOfDomesticMediaRating

FreedomOfInternationalMediaRating

KeyLeaderMediaRating

Sponsor journalist training &

professionalization

PopulationOpinionRating

SignificantGroupOpinionRating

KeyLeaderOpinionRating

PopulationOpinionChangeRating

SignificantGroupOpinionChangeRating

KeyLeaderOpinionChangeRating

Establish liaison programs with govt

Collect information (on infra, econ, govt

eff, percept, refugees, etc.)

Conduct benign public information

operations

Disseminate information

Conduct negative information operations

GeneralPopulationActivityRating

Engage in criminal activities

WaterDistributionInfraCapacityRebuiltM

oP

WaterDistributionInfraJobsCreatedMoP

WaterDistributionInfraInvestmentMoP

WaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraCapacit

yRebuiltMoP

WaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraJobsCr

eatedMoPWaterAndSewageTreatmentInfraInvest

mentMoP

DamsInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP

DamsInfraJobsCreatedMoP

DamsInfraInvestmentMoP

WaterDistributionInfraCapacityAttacked

MoP

WaterAndSewageInfraCapacityAttacked

MoP

DamsInfraCapacityAttackedMoP

AirportCapacityAttackedMoP

SeaportCapacityAttackedMoP

BridgeAndTunnelCapacityAttackedMoP

RailroadCapacityAttackedMoP

RoadCapacityAttackedMoP

AirportCapacityRebuiltMoP

AirportJobsCreatedMoP

AirportInvestmentMoP

Attack vehicles

Rebuild/replace vehicles

NonMilVehiclesCapacityAttackedMoP

NonMilVehiclesCapacityRebuiltMoP

NonMilVehiclesJobsCreatedMoP

NonMilVehiclesInvestmentMoP

SeaportCapacityRebuiltMoP

SeaportJobsCreatedMoP

SeaportInvestmentMoP

BridgesAndTunnelsCapacityRebuiltMoP

BridgesAndTunnelsJobsCreatedMoP

BridgesAndTunnelsInvestmentMoP

RailroadCapacityRebuiltMoP

RailroadJobsCreatedMoP

RailroadInvestmentMoP

RoadsCapacityRebuiltMoP

RoadsJobsCreatedMoP

RoadsInvestmentMoP

MediaInfraCapacityAttackedMoP

MediaInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP

MediaInfraJobsCreatedMoP

MediaInfraInvestmentMoP

HealthInfraCapacityAttackedMoP

HealthInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP

HealthInfraJobsCreatedMoP

HealthInfraInvestmentMoP

MilitaryStructuresCapacityRating

MilitaryVehiclesCapacityRating

Rebuild military structures

Attack military structures

Rebuild government structures

Attack government structures

MilitaryVehiclesCapacityAttackedMoP

MilitaryStructuresCapacityAttackedMoP

GovtStructuresCapacityAttackedMoP

MilitaryVehiclesCapacityRebuiltMoP

MilitaryVehiclesJobsCreatedMoP

MilitaryVehiclesInvestmentMoP

MilitaryStructuresCapacityRebuiltMoP

MilitaryStructuresJobsCreatedMoP

MilitaryStructuresInvestmentMoP

GovtStructuresCapacityRebuiltMoP

GovtStructuresJobsCreatedMoP

GovtStructuresInvestmentMoP

ExtractiveEnergyTransportCapacityAttac

kedMoPExtractiveEnergyTransportCapacityRebui

ltMoP

ExtractiveEnergyTransportJobsCreatedM

oPExtractiveEnergyTransportInvestmentM

oP

ExtractiveEnergyProductionCapacityAtta

ckedMoPExtractiveEnergyProductionCapacityReb

uiltMoP

ExtractiveEnergyProductionJobsCreated

MoPExtractiveEnergyProductionInvestment

MoP

ElectricProductionCapacityAttackedMoP

ElectricProductionCapacityRebuiltMoP

ElectricProductionJobsCreatedMoP

ElectricProductionInvestmentMoP

ElectricDistributionCapacityAttackedMo

P

ElectricDistributionCapacityRebuiltMoP

ElectricDistributionJobsCreatedMoP

ElectricDistributionInvestmentMoP

EducationInfraCapacityAttackedMoP

EducationInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP

EducationInfraJobsCreatedMoP

EducationInfraInvestmentMoP

BusinessInfraCapacityAttackedMoP

BusinessInfraCapacityRebuiltMoP

BusinessInfraJobsCreatedMoP

BusinessInfraInvestmentMoP

NegativePRActivitiesMoP

PositivePRActivitiesMoP

InformationDisseminationActivitiesMoP

GovtLiaisonProgramActivitiesMoP

InformationCollectionActivitiesMoP

JournalistTrainingAndProfessionalization

ActivityMoP

NonMilVehiclesCapacityRating

NegativeImpactOfInterventionRating

PublicRecordsTransparencyRating

ReligiousBuildingsCapacityRating Attack religious

facilities

Rebuild religious facilities

RebuildSenseOfCommunityActivitiesMo

P

ReligiousBuildingsCapacityAttackMoP

ReligiousBuildingsCapacityRebuildingPro

gressMoP

AntiTraffickingInPersonsActivityMoP

SocialProtectionProgramsActivityMoP

RefugeeCampSecurityActivityMoP

AntiPopulationMovementActivitiesMoP

ResettledPeopleProgressMoP

ForcedPopulationMovementRating

IllnessCausedByFamineEpidemicMoP

HealthCareProjectsProgressMoP

MedicalTreatmentProvidedMoP

GeneralJobsCreatedMoP

EducationSuppliesCreatedMoP

CivicEducationProjectsActivityMoP

TeachersTrainedProgressMoP

TeacherJobsCreatedMoP

PollutionRating

TrashDisposalRating

Reduce pollution

CivilianHousingCapacityAttackedMoP

NegotiationWBureaucraciesActivitiesMo

P

HumanitarianReliefStockPrepositionedM

oP

CivilianHousingCapacityRebuiltMoP

TemporaryShelterCapacityProvidedMoP

NGOActivityCoordinationActivitiesMoP

NonFoodDistributedMoP

PollutionReductionProjectsMoP

SanitationAndWasteWaterProjectsProgr

essMoP

WaterDistributedMoP

FoodDistributedMoP

FoodImportedMoP

EconomicAttackActivityMoP

CommodityInvestmentMoP

NaturalResourceManagementProgressM

oP

PublicWorksInvestmentMoP

PublicWorksJobsCreatedMoP

SocialSafetyNetReformProgressMoP

DischargedMilitaryTrainedProgressMoP

DischargedMilitaryJobsCreatedMoP

TaxAndTradeReformProgressMoP

CommercialLawReformProgressMoP

EconomicIntegrationProgressMoP

EconomicPolicyReformProgressMoP

PrivatizationProgressMoP

StockMarketReformProgressMoP

MicrofinanceSystemReformProgressMoP

InvestmentCapitalActionsMoP

CurrencyReformProgressMoP

InterbanksPaymentSystemReformProgre

ssMoP

InsuranceSystemReformProgressMoP

EnergyImportationProgressMoP

CriminalActivityMoP

ArableLandCapacityRating

DrugCropReductionProgressMoP

AgPolicyReformProgressMoP

AgInvestmentMoP

AgSupportActivityMoP

AgProductTransactionsLevelMoP

PrivateSecurityForcesActivityRating

Conduct anti- and counterterrorism

ops

NEOActivityMoP

HAActivityMoP

AntiPiracyActivityMoP

MineLevelActivityMoP

ConsequenceManagementActivityMoP

InstabilityMitigationActivityMoP

SupportReductionForNonNationStateAct

orsActivityMoP

RecruitingReductionByNonNationStateA

ctorsActivityMoP

FundingReductionOfNonNationStateActo

rsActivityMoP

AntiAndCounterTerrorismActivityMoP

Conduct personnel recovery ops

PersonnelRecoveryActivityMoP

SecurityForStabilityActivityMoP

SecurityForPOActivityMoP

SecurityForHAActivityMoP

ForceSecurityActivityMoP

SecurityCoordinationActivityMoP

SecurityAssistanceActivityMoP

SafeguardingActivityMoP

ConfidenceBuildingActivityMoP

StabilityOpsActivityMoP

MilitaryExercisesActivityMoP

IntelServceJobsCreatedMoP

IntelServiceTrainedProgressMoP

IntelServiceReformProgressMoP

MilitaryJobsCreatedMoP

MilitaryTrainedProgressMoP

MilitaryReformProgressMoP

DemobProcessProgressMoP

ForeignConflictActivityRating

Conduct border control, boundary

securityand freedom of

movement


Operations

BorderControlActivityMoP

WeaponsControlActivityMoP

ObserverMissionsActivityMoP

DemilZonesEtcActivityMoP

IWActivityMoP

PeaceOpsActivityMoP

ConventionalWarActivityMoP

KeyLeaderDiplomatsRating

PoliticalCrimeRating

LawEnforcementOrganizationRating

PoliticalPersecutionRating

LegalSystemTradition

CourtTypeOrganizationRating

Conduct extrajudicial

activities (killings, intimidations)

ExtrajudicialActivityMoP

ExtortionEtcActivityMoP

PropertyReformProgressMoP

PolicemenTrainedProgressMoP

WarCrimesActivitiesProgressMoP

HumanRightsMonitoringMoP

GovtCorruptionMonitoringMoP

ExternalJusticeAdvisorsMoP

LegalSystemReformProgressMoP

PenalSystemReformProgressMoP

PolicemenJobsCreatedMoP

PoliceForceReformProgressMoP

PolicingOperationsActivityMoP

TransferOfControlToHNProgressMoP

PowerSharingMonitoringMoP

ComplianceWithPeaceAccordsMoP

MediationAndNegotiationsMoP

FirstRespondersActivityRating

FreedomRating

GovtDestabilizationActivityMoP

InternatnlDiploActionsMoP

TransitionGovtCreationProgressMoP

FirstRespondersTrainedProgressMoP

ConstitutionReformProgressMoP

GovtSuppliesDeliveredMoP

ElectionsConductedProgressMoP

GovtReformProgressMoP

PoliticalLeadersTrainedProgressMoP

FirstRespondersJobsCreatedMoP

GovtPersonnelEducatedProgressMoP

ExternalGovtAdvisorsMoP

DerivedFrom

xxxMoP: state resulting from an

Action

Action


State of an Actor

Metric subject to data acquisition

MoFE or MoPE

Derived metric

Intervention Justice

Intervention Agriculture

Intervention Central Authority

Intervention LE corruption

Intervention critical industries

Intervention displaced pop

Intervention Education

Intervention Energy

Intervention Financial

Intervention Food

Intervention Connector

Intervention Investment

Intervention Media

Intervention Police

Intervention Govt Military

Intervention Health

Intervention Housing

Intervention Water

Intervention Social Services

Intervention Telecom

Intervention Jobs

FirstRespondersInvestmentMoP

PolicemenInvestmentMoP

MilitaryInvestmentMoP

IntelServiceInvestmentMoP

Intervention Transition

Intervention Peace Operations

Intervention Policing

Intervention govt corruption

Intervention social services corruption

Intervention Demobilization

Intervention Crime

Intervention military retraining

Intervention natural resources

Intervention PR Intervention Negative PR

Intervention Health Infrastructure

Intervention Terrorism & Insurgency

Intervention Operations

GeneralInfrastructureRatingMoFE

EconomyFoundationRatingMoFE

DIME Actions

1. Rebuild roads

2. Road capacity created

2. Road jobs created

2. Road $ investment

3. HN road capacity

3. HN acceptable jobs

3. HN foreign investment

1. LOE 5 Endstate Economy & Infrastructure

2. HN Economy

2. HN Infrastructure

Using the Ontologies

• Create Use Cases– Use lists

• Identify what should be modeled: need list of metric types

• Identify what data are needed for making decisions: need list of LOE related metric types

• Enhance communication and analyze results of model execution: need list of metric types related to model

– VV&A support: need Operational Environment ontologies – Model support: need “model” connections added to ontology– Query ontology for …TBD

• Implement Use Cases– Identify what can be done with current capabilities– Identify what new capabilities are needed– Group capabilities by Use Case– Estimate costs for creating capability groups– Rank potential follow-on projects

23

Done for TRAC IW TWG

Metric Ontology

Action Ontology

EnvironmentOntology

Actor Ontology

One Use Case

Action

Change in State of Environment

Described by

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

LOE #

Actor

Nature of ActorDescribed by

Actor Subcategory

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

LOE #

Environmental Element


Described by

Environment Subcategory

PMESII Environment

PMESII Environment

LOE #

ModelSelect actionbased on LOEand desired impact

Observe impactsbased on model

Select actorbased on nature

Dr. Dean S. Hartley III

Hartley Consulting

[email protected]

Questions?

From the hills of East Tennessee

BACKUP SLIDES

04/11/23 26Ontology Design

Citations

24 Jan 2011 27IW Metrics Ontology

DoingWindows Bradd C. Hayes and Jeffrey I. Sands, Doing Windows: Non-Traditional Military Responses to Complex Emergencies. CCRP, Washington, DC. 1998.

ISSM Dean S. Hartley III, Operations Other Than War (OOTW) Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies (FAST) Prototype Toolbox: ISSM v4.00 Analysts' Guide. DRC, Orlando, FL. 2006.

VV&A Tool Dean S. Hartley III, DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool (Software). Hartley Consulting, Oak Ridge, TN. 2009.

OCRS Matrix Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization, "Post-Conflict Reconstruction Essential Tasks." US Dept of State, Washington, DC. 2005. http://www.crs.state.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.display&id=10234c2e-a5fc-4333-bd82-037d1d42b725

MPICE Michael Dziedzic, Barbara Sotirin, and John Agoglia, Measuring Progress in Conflict Environments (MPICE): A Metrics Framework for Assessing Conflict Transformation and Stabilization, Version 1.0. US Institute for Peace, Washington, DC. 2008.

Hilson Roger Hilson, et al., Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite. Office of the Secretary of Defense Modeling & Simulation Steering Committee, Washington, DC. 2009.

IWDecomp2009 IW Decomposition Analytic Strategy, TRAC, Overview Briefing for IW WG, 6 January 2009

Corruption Dean S. Hartley III, "Corruption in Afghanistan: Conceptual Model," 21 August 2010

Metrics v3 Metrics v3.xls from TRAC

PRIME PRIME Taxonomy from SRI

HSCB HSCB Taxonomy from Gary Klein, Mitre

File Contents

Operational Environment Elements (DL1)


Metrics Types (DL2)


Mapping Operational Environment to Metrics (DL3)


Sample Metric Values (DL8)


Metric Type (Attribute) Properties (DL9)

Property Name in Ontology DescriptiondescribesOpEnvElt identifies the PMESII category by indicating the element of the

Operational Environment being described

impactedByLOE identifies an LOE whose execution impacts the values of metrics of this type

versionInfo (OWL annotation property)

configuration management information (initially just a version number in a string)

classificationLevel initially a string indicating level (e.g., “Unclassified”) (eventually BAH’s ISM3 ontology properties)

associatedHSCBtaxonomyElement descriptor identifying associated HSCB taxonomy


Metric Value (Qualifier) Properties (DL10)

Property Name in Ontology DescriptionsubjectOrganization organization being described by the metric valuesubjectLocation location being described by the metric valuetrustLevel trust level with 10 being absolute trust and 0 being no trustrelatedCOCOM COCOM related to metric valueunitOfMeasure initially a string identifying the units of measure for the metric valuemetricValue the metric value itselfrelatedDoSRegionalBureau name of related Department of State regional bureaurelatedDoSFunctionalBureau name of related Department of State functional bureauresponsibleOrganization organization responsible for geographic areacollectionSystemUsed identification of system used to obtain datasourceMetricValue reference to another metric value used to derive the metric’s valuevalueRepresentation explanation of value meanings (e.g., data type or Likert scale from 1-5 with

explanation of values)beginningDateTime Beginning of time period being describedendingDateTime End of time period being describedvalueDatatype Indication of datatype used to describe metric valuederivedMetric yes indicates the value was derived from other valuesdateCollected date that metric value was collectedtransformedMetric yes indicates that the metric value was a transformation of another metric valueobtainedFrom initially a string indicating source of information (e.g., “Wikipedia”)dateObtained date on which metric value was obtained


Dublin Core Properties

Property Name in Ontology Descriptioncontributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.

coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.

creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.

date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.

description An account of the resource.

format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.

identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.

language A language of the resource. publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available.

relation A related resource.

rights Information about rights held in and over the resource.

source A related resource from which the described resource is derived.

subject The topic of the resource.

title A name given to the resource.

type The nature or genre of the resource. 04/11/23 35Ontology Design

HSCB Taxonomy Items (DL4)


Metrics to HSCB Taxonomy Mapping (DL5)


What is Ontology?

Ontologies Provide Benefits

• Textual descriptions are ambiguous

• More formal representations enable more automated solutions

• Ontologies form a type of “compromise” between human readable text and computer processable data

• Relationships and restrictions between classes help support inferencing and “discovery” of additional facts

39February 7-10, 2011 39HSCB Focus 2011

From: (Uschold, 2003)

What is an Ontology?

• Gruber Definition– An ontology is a “formal

specification of a conceptualization”

– That is, a formally described, machine readable collection of terms and their relationships expressed with a language in a document file

• Computer science literature differentiates– Terminological components

(Tbox)

– Assertional components (Abox)

February 7-10, 2011 40HSCB Focus 2011

Domain Ontology

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Class 4 Class 5

Class 6 Class 7

specified bymodeled by

describes

Conceptualization

Tbox Abox

Fact InstancesOntology

compliant with

Semantic Spectrum


From: (Uschold, 2003)

Knowledge Representation Spectrum

From: Deborah L. McGuinness. "Ontologies Come of Age". In Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.


Naming the Problem

• End-state goals

• Status vector

• Actions to change status

• Interactions of above

• Describe with taxonomy

• Add properties

• Interactions are a model

43IW Metrics Ontology

Goal 1Goal 2

Goal 3

Noun 1

Noun 2

Noun 3

Noun 4

Noun 5

Verb 1

Verb 2

Verb 3

Interactions

AdjectivesNumbers

AdjectivesNumbers

AdjectivesNumbers

AdjectivesNumbers

AdjectivesNumbers

Taxonomy

Model

Ontology Concepts• Information representation

– Class

– Property

– Individual

• Relations between representations– Is an instance of (membership)

– Has value for

– Restrict (helps define class)

• Relations within representations– Synonymy (similar or identical)

– Antonymy (contrast or dichotomy)

– Hyponymy (is-a)

– Meronymy (part-of)/ Holonymy (contains)

Class

Property

Individual

Individual

PropertyClass

is an instance of has value for

restrict

==

Dessert

Pie Cake

Pie

Crust Filling


Ontology Languages

• Concepts derived from Description Logics

• Represents an evolution (not revolution) in representing information

• Web Ontology Language – OWL standardized by W3C


Applications

OWL 2 Web Ontology Language

RDF and RDF/XML

XML and XMLS Datatypes

IRIs and Namespaces

RDF Schema Individuals

Derived from: (Lacy, 2005)

Ontology Layers

From: (Navi, 2004)


Lines of Effort (LOEs)

LOEs, Sub-Tasks, and Endstates

• Taken from FM3-24.2, pg 4-8, 21 April 09

• Sub-Tasks are Actions at a larger scale than our DIME+

LOE LOE Endstate

Establish Civil Security (Combat Operations)

Restore and Maintain Order

Conduct Operations to Halt Violence

Establish Border Security

Provide Public Safety Support

Provide Civil Defense Support

Perform HN Police training and Support

LOE Endstate 1: Safe, secure, and stable environment established.

Establish Civil Control (Police-Type Operations)

Provide Rule of Law Support

Conduct Populace and

Resource Control

Disarm, Demobilize, and Reintegrate Ex-

Combatants

Resettle Displaced Citizans

Provide Populace with Humane Care and treatment

Support HN Police, Fire, Rescue, and Penal Units

LOE Endstate 2: Rule of Law Established.

Support Host Nation Security Forces

Identify Indigineous

Security Forces

Condcut Training of

Security Forcres

Integrate HN Security Forces

into COIN Operations

Trainsisiton to HN Control of

Security Forces

Trainsition to HN Lead in

COIN Operations

Transition to HN-only

Security Forces

LOE Endstate 3: Self sufficient national security forces established.

Restore Essentioal Services

Restore Sewage Services

Restore Water Services

Restore Electrical Power

and Services

Restore Academic Institutions

Restore Trash Services

Restore Medical Services

LOE Endstate 4: Essential services restored.

Support to Economic and Infrastructure

Development

Provide Public Works Support

Provide Commernce

Support

Provide Civilian Supply Support

Provide Civilian Healt Support

Provide Agriculture

Support

Coordinate Civic

Assistance Programs

LOE Endstate 5: Economic foundation w/sufficient infrastructure

established.

Support to GovernanceProvide Public Administration

Support

Identify and Recruit Leaders

Facilitate Local Government

Provide Cultural Affairs Support

Support and Secure

Elections

Support HN Reforms

LOE Endstate 6: Functioning legitimate gov’t that does not

require external support.

Conduct Information Tasks

Tell the Story to the U.S. Public

Marginalize Insurgent Influence

Isolate Population from

Insurgent Forces

Provide Context for Host Nation Government Operations

Reinforce the Legitimacy of

the Host Nation Government

Create Division Between Insurgent

Leadership and Armed

Insurgents

LOE Endstate 7: Increased support to HN (local) government.

Interim States

24 Jan 2011 48Workshop Activity #5

LOE Subtasks LOE Endstate

LOEs Metric Types

• Step 1: Identify DIME actions– FM 3-24.2 calls out subtasks for each LOE– Each subtask is clearly associated with one or more DIME actions– Several DIME actions are also implied (e.g., force security)

• Step 2: Identify DIME MoPs– Measures that are clearly associated with performing the given action, regardless of situation or

modeling choices– Measures are inputs or direct outputs (e.g.,

• $ invested• jobs created• number of diplomatic actions• road capacity built

• Step 3: Identify additional direct Metrics– Requires a model of what interacts with what– Include metric types that are directly affected by DIME MoPs

• Step 4: Work backward from LOE Endstates– Requires a model– Start with LOE Endstates and include metric types that directly effect them– Continue backward


Metrics Mapped to LOEs


Describing the Elements

Describing a Metric

Attributes of a Metric:– Name

– Definition

– Units

– Geographic association

– Author

– References

– Time-based

• Metrics become “first class” reusable well-defined objects in their own right that belong to classes and not just attributes of a objects being described (less tightly coupled)

• Assertions can be made to describe the attributes of a particular metric value

52

Class1

Attribute1Attribute2

vs.

Class1

Attribute1

Attribute2


Representing Perceived Metrics

53February 7-10, 2011 53HSCB Focus 2011

Region VotingPopulationPerception

hasRegisteredVoters

ProvinceOfKandahar RegVotersPerception20090903

hasRegisteredVoters

Terminology (Tbox)

Assertions (Abox)hasRegisteredVotersValue

313,900

«instance» «instance»

http://www.afghanistan.gc.ca/canada-afghanistan/progress-progres/benchmarks-reperes/priorit5.aspx

perceptionSource

FULL FILENAME

C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\DOMAIN ONTOLOGY\IW DOMAIN ONT 011411.VSD

PerceivedStateVariable

UML can be used to describe relationships between classes, properties, individuals/instances, and property values

How do we know what happened?

• Indicators … are not effects

• Better to be observable than not, but “not seen” does not mean “not there”

• Inference from indicator to effect is “reverse direction”

Win the War

Destroy Will Stop Second Echelon(Isolate the Battlefield)

Prevent River Crossing(Deny Access)

DestroyFuel Res.

Carpet Bomb Drop Leaflets

Destroy Br1 Destroy Br2

DMPI 1 DMPI 2

Acceleration of

Straggler Count

River Clear

Units in BivouacTraffic Density

Objective/Task/ActivityEffect Desired

Indicator Source:(Dr. Maris “Buster” McCrabb’s “Effects-based Operations: An Overview”)


Observable Metrics for Deriving LOE Endstate

LOE

Dime 1 Dime 2

DP 1 DP 2 DP 3

MoP 1 MoP 2 MoP 3 MoP 4 MoP 5

MoE 1 MoE 2 MoE 3 MoE 4

MoFE 1 MoFE 1

MoPE = LOE Endstate

M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4

Goal

Mission

DIME actions

DIME action metrics

Metrics depending on DIMEactions and other state variables

The other state variables

derived fromderived from

M 5

I1 I2 I3 I20…

Observable metrics

Required to compute goal value

MoPs based only on DIME

High-level metrics impacting goal

How are State Variables Calculated?

• Some state variables may be observed directly

• Most state variables will be calculated– Some state variables will be calculated from a single indicator/metric

– Many state variables will be calculated from several indicators/metrics

• Most indicators/metrics will require reformatting

• Example: “Agriculture Sector Strength”– Indicator: Crop Production

– Indicator: Meat Production

– Combination: (CP+MP)/2

– Scaling

24 Jan 2011 56Workshop Activity #7 56



State Variable

perceived by

Actor

Crop Production

• Metric: Hectares of permanent crops per 1000 people

• Data from 175 countries

• Scaling equation to yield nearly normal distribution– ScaledCrops = 2*(log10(hectaresperKpeople)-1.1)


Meat Production

• Metric: Annual metric tons of meat per person

• Data from 150 countries

• Scaling equation to yield nearly normal distribution– ScaledMeat = 2*(log10(MetTonspercapita)+1.9)


Agriculture Sector Strength

• First step– AvgCrops&Meat = (ScaledCrops+ScaledMeat)/2

• Second step: Calculate current figure for the country (use equations)• Third step: Find the difference in standard deviations of the current figure

from the international mean (a + or – number). Use this to represent the estimate of the current Agriculture Sector Strength

• Note: this is a model, not a fact


How are DIME Variables Calculated?

• DIME variables are both action variables and state variables

• As state variables, DIME variables represent the state of the action

• As action variables, DIME variables directly impact the environment, changing some state variables

• DIME variables are represented– Usually in two parts, an amount of work and an amount of work needed, that can be

converted into a fraction

– Sometimes as a fraction of completion, that can be scaled

– Sometimes as a scaled variable, e.g., -3 to +3, representing “horrible” to “fantastic” total capability achieved

• Choosing the proper denominator is critical

• E.g., Electricity Production

60



State Variable

perceived by


Action


Environment


Rebuilding Electrical Production

• In Iraq, electrical production capacity was destroyed in the war

• Reconstruction requirements were massive and required intermediate goals

• A construction project might involve building a megawatt generator– Beginning the project would involve purchasing materials and hiring and paying people– During the project, more materials would be purchased and people would continue to be paid– At completion, increased electricity would be produced, no new materials would be purchased and people

would be laid off

• Project DIME variables– A DIME variable could be created that consisted of fraction of the project completed– Alternatively, a DIME variable could be created that consisted of amount of electrical production generated

versus total capacity of the project

• A broader view would consider all construction projects in a phase– Create a DIME variable consisting of total work/total phase work– Create a DIME variable consisting of total electrical production/total electrical production desired from the

phase

• A still broader view would consider all construction to restore production to pre-war levels

• The broadest view would consider all construction to create capacity that brings Iraq into a better than 3rd world status

• Note that – Red forces might destroy some work in progress, what does this do to DIME variables?– Red forces might destroy some electrical production capacity that was undamaged or completed in a previous

project, what does this do?

• Which DIME variables are appropriate?


Prices as Metrics

• Price is determined by Supply, Demand, particular item, & other factors

• For an item, Supply & Demand are usually dominant– Price is proportional to Demand/Supply

– Examples• Reduction in drug supply

– Crop eradication– Drug interdiction– Capture or killing drug operatives– Raises price – Metric says price increase is good– May increase violent competition

• Reduce demand– Education of buyers– Law enforcement against buyers– Lowers price – Metric says price decrease is good– May reduce competition as high price producers leave market

• Do both– Conflicting Metric interpretation

• Measuring Supply and Demand directly is preferable – just harder


Context Diagram made Concrete

24 Jan 2011 6324 Jan 2011 63

You (the Actor)

Cook (the Action)

a Turkey in an Oven (collectively, the Environment)

and decide when to take it out with State Variables:

Example: Cooking a Turkey


Action: P

ut in Oven

Act

ion:

Tak

e ou

t of O

ven

Process: Cook

Indicator: Cooking Time

Indicator: Meat Temperature

MoM: Turkey is done


How Do We Get This Picture?

• Taking a raw turkey and putting it in the oven (almost always) results in “turkey is in oven”-state: fact

• Cooking the turkey (almost always) results in “turkey in oven is browner”-state: fact

• Taking a “cooked” turkey out of the oven (almost always) results in “brown turkey out of oven”-state: fact

• Desired Measure of Merit is “turkey is done”-state: given

• Connections among – “cooking time” and “turkey is done” – “meat temperature” and “turkey is done”– “cooking time” and “meat temperature”– model – subject to verification & validation

• Most MoMs are not directly observable, require models using observable indicators

• More complex MoMs use models with sub-MoMs and many indicators

24 Jan 2011 65


Modeling Alternatives• Case 1: Situational Awareness

– Monitor the indicators, when they say “go”, intervene and eat the turkey

– Requires analysis to develop a model of the relationship between the indicators and the MoM

– The resultant model is (relatively simple), connecting observations of reality with the inferred MoM value

• Case 2: Simple Control Theory Model– Set the temperature, timer & thermometer, monitor for deviations. If the

guests are late, turn down the temperature setting. If the guests are early and hungry, turn up the temperature setting.

– Develop model of the relationships among the controls and the indicators, as well as a model between indicators and MoM

– The resultant model is more complex than in Case 1; however, it still has simplifications. E.g., in IW case, Red actions and their results can be treated as indicators

• Case 3: Complex Model– Compute which controls actions will give the best results as the situation

changes.

– The relationship models need to be more complex and accurate, taking into account actor and action interactions and dynamics.

– The resultant model is very complex.24 Jan 2011 66

Ontology Implementation

Ontology Development Process

68

A1

Scope Domain

A2

Identify Ontology Reuse

Candidates

A3

Define Classes and Properties

A4

Document and Encode

tasking

existing ontologies

ontology requirements

ontology reuse candidates

ontology design artifacts

ontology report

ontology files

IDEF0 Notation Legend

ActivityInput Output

Mechanism

Control / Constraint


Operational Environment Decomposition

Environment


MilitaryEnvironment

EconomicEnvironment

SocialEnvironment



KineticEnvironment

NaturalEnvironment

Atmospherics GeometricsEarth, water,& other

Logistics C4IDamage/Attrition

Government Media

Health

Business Energy

EducationTransport Water

Media OperationsOpinionsGeneral

Movement

Safety

Education Other

HealthBasicNeeds

Finance GovernmentCrime JobsEnergyAgriculture Other

OtherGovernment SecurityConflict

OverviewPolitics Rule ofLaw

Governance

Actors Actions

OperationalEnvironment

04/11/23 Ontology Design 69

High Level Ontology Context


LOEOperational

Environment

describes

Catalog ofMetric Types Lines of Effort

impactedBy

Metric Value

instantiated from

Particular value within a defined area and timeframe

(e.g., 500 metric tons of food distributed in Afghan province X between January 1, 2009 and

December 31, 2009)

Taxonomy of operational environment elements

(categories) (e.g., Governance within Political Environment)

List of available metric types (e.g., FoodDistributedMoP)

List of actions (lines of effort) (e.g., Establish Civil Support)

FULL FILENAME

C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\ONTOLOGY DESIGN\TOP LEVEL DOMAIN 031011.VSD

DL1

DL3

DL2 DL6

DL7

DL8

List of operational environment elements (DL1)

List of metric types (DL2)

Mapping of metrics to PMESII categories (possibly more than one) (DL3)

List of LOEs (DL6)

Mapping of metrics to LOEs (possibly more than one) (DL7)

List of sample metrics values (DL8)

Ontology and Instance File Relationships


Started / Prototyped

Not Yet Started

Drafted / Exists

Legend

Metric Ontology(OF01)


Ontology(OF02)

TRAC IW Metric

Ontology(OF03)

Relationship Assumption

Ontology (Model)(OF04)

Sample Metric Values(IF01)

imports

Metric ClassMetric Attributes (class variable

properties)Metric Qualifiers (instance properties)

Environment classesActor classAction class

Classes for Metrics (e.g., Voter Turnout Metric class)

Roads impact voter turnout

FoodDistributionMoP in Afghan Province AF1 in

November 2009 was 35MT

IESOntology(OF06)

Domain Ontologies

External Ontologies

Instance Files

Dublin Core (Metadata)Ontology(OF07)

Ontology Alignment

Map(OF05)

imports

FULL FILENAME

C:\BACKUP_LL\PM\ORLANDO\PROJECTS\PMESII LOE METRIC ONTOLOGY\WORK\ONTOLOGY DESIGN\TRAC ONT DESIGN 031511.VSD

Line of Effort Ontology(OF08)

all files reference

namespace

impo

rts

impo

rts

MetricOF01.owl

OperationalEnvironmentOF02.owl LOEOF08.owl

TRACIWMetricCatalogOF03.owl

SMV0311IF01.owl

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

OWL Encoding Evolution


Hartley Spreadsheets

IW Metrics Organization

Database

DOAT Database Tool

OWL Ontology Files

Sources of Concepts

Literature

• General concepts and relationships– Doctrine (e.g., Joint Pubs, Army FMs)– Workshops (MORS, NDU, HSCB)– Books, articles and presentations

• Initial sources for metrics and taxonomy– Hayes & Sands Doing Windows: 119– Interim Semi-static Stability Model (ISSM): 195– DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool: 285

• Confirmatory and Additional metrics and taxonomies– HSCB Taxonomy: 345– Metrics v3: 226– OCRS Matrix: 217– NDU Corruption Workshop: 131– IW Decomp 2009: 99– MPICE: 62– PRIME Taxonomy: 59– Hilson: 54– Others

• Total metric types 415


Why We Need Authoritative References and Resources

• Ground concepts in vetted terms and definitions whenever possible

• Vetted terms and definitions have evolved from collaborative development and review

• Support provenance / pedigree of information in the ontology

24 Jan 2011 75

Descriptive Requirements (Actions, Effects, and Overarching)

Source:Smith, Young (2009) Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite” (N81)



LOE Typical Tasks From FM 3-24.2

24 Jan 2011 77

FM 3.24-2 LOEs(within scope of DRC effort)

Stability Tasks

Support Host Nation Security LOE

Establish Civil Security LOE

Establish Civil Control LOE

Support to Governance LOE

Restore Essential Services LOE

Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development LOE

Enforce cessation of hostilities.

Enforce peace agreements and other arrangements Conduct disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration

Conduct border control, boundary security, and freedom of movement

Support identification

Protect key personnel and facilities

Clear explosive and CBRN hazards

Establish public order and safety

Establish interim criminal justice system Support law enforcement and police reform

Support judicial reform

Support property dispute resolution processes

Support corrections reform Support public outreach and community rebuilding programs

Support transitional administrations

Support development of local governance Support anticorruption initiatives

Support elections

Provide essential civil services

Tasks related to civilian dislocation Support famine prevention and emergency food relief programs Support public health programs

Support education programs

Support economic generation and enterprise creation Support public sector investment programs

Support private sector development

Protect natural resources and environment Support agricultural development programs Restore transportation infrastructure Restore telecommunications infrastructure Support general infrastructure reconstruction programs Use money as a weapon

Measure (Assess)

Organize

Rebuild/build facilities

Train

Equip

Advise

Mentor

to 34113

to 39114

to 53115

to 1112

Civil stability anddurable peace exists

9

Economy issound

19

People aretolerant of the

status quo

42

Safe and secureenvironment is

perceived

52

Civil (internal) unrestis not present

8

Core

Institutions ofgovernance areeffective and fair

37

Government hasdomestic legitimacy

29

Immediate needsof the peopleare satisfied

36

to 3283

to 3780

to 4187

to 4688

Human rightsare protected

35

Police aredistinct fromthe military

45

to 4284

to 5281

Government policeforce is effective

against crime

30

Administration ofjustice is effective

and fair

2

Central authorityis effective

6

Social servicesare adequate

53Corruption insocial servicesis not rampant

14

Corruption inlaw enforcementis not rampant

13

to 2282

Crime is nota problem

70

to 1089

to 2591

to 1590

to 5692

Common crimeis not a problem

73Organized crimeis not a problem

69Drug crime

is not a problem

68

to 386

Drug transshipmentis not a problem

67Drug use

is not a problem

72

to 2985

Prison structureis adequate

49Central

government exists

122

Corruption inpublic officeis not part of

culture

121

to 1893

to 2695

to 3297

to 4798

to 4899

Agricultural systemis productive

3

Telecominfrastructure

is in place

55

Critical industriesare sound

15

Efficient marketsare in place

22

Acceptable jobsare available

1

to 4294

to 1996

Foreigninvestmentis available

124

Tourism industryis robust

56

Foreigninvestment

suffices

27

Transportationinfrastructure

is in place

57

Financialsystemis solid

71

Financial systemis sufficient

25

Commercial sectorcontributes to

national welfare

10

Energy supplyand distribution

are sufficient

23

to 3100

to 36101

Water distributioninfrastructureis sufficient

58

to 1118

to 29120

to 8119

to 42116

to 52117

People's spiritualneeds are met

44Education system

is structuredtoward jobs

21

Basic naturalresource management

is in place

5

to 18103

to 46102

Healthrequirements

are met

33

Potable wateris sufficient

48

Food issufficient

26

Healthinfrastructureis adequate

32

Housing stockis sufficient

34

Government does notcontrol domestic media's

reporting of events

125Education

infrastructureis adequate

126

Educationinfrastructure

suffices

20

People perceivethat their interestsare represented

43International media

have open access tothe reporting of events

38Domestic media

is free

28

Misc

Needs

Reversib

le

244

Reversib

le

247

to 5276

to 3078

to 3777

to 875

Armed forces arewell structured

4

Competing groupsresolve differences

11

Opposition partydoes not

espouse force

59

There haven'tbeen any

paramilitary forces

60There haven't been

any regime-sponsored,non-military armed forces

61

There are nofactional disputes

74

to 4679

Opposition partydoesn't attempt todominate by force

40

Government-runmilitary is effective

31

Regime-sponsored,non-military armed forces

are demobilized

51

Paramilitary forcesare not present

41

Demobilized armedforces are

integrated into society

16

Disarmamentis effective

17

No insurgentsare operating

148

Conflict

No terroristsare operating

149

to 29107

to 41108

to 52109

to 22110

to 32104

to 42105

Stress migrationis not present

54

There are noexpatriates

62

There is nodisplacedpopulation

63

There areno migrants

64

to 36111

Expatriots returnto country

24

Population is notforced to move

46

Changes in populationcomposition improve

outlook

7

Population isfree to move

47

Displaced populationdecreases

18

Migrants leavecountry

39

to 10106

Movement

Property ownershipissues are resolved

50

Reversible

237

Reversib

le

238

Reversible

239

Reversible

241

Reversib

le

240

Reversib

le

242

Reversib

le

243

Reversib

le

245

Reversib

le

246

Foodimportation

151Providingtemporary

shelter/housing

156

Train policeforces

165

(Re)buildingmonitoring

police

207

Resettlementprocess

155

Support newplanting

158Buy localproduce

157

Targetedprivatization

180

Electricitydistribution

168

Newcurrency

178

Interbankspaymentsystem

179

Development ofmicrofinance

systems

181

Rebuildtelecommun-

ications

177

Insurancesystem

184

Public worksprograms to

generate jobs

183

Commercial lawto improveinvestment

182

Assisting ineconomic

integration &cooperation

193

Rebuildroads

169Rebuildbridges

170Rebuildairports

171Rebuildseaports

172

Managingnatural

resources

194

Electricityproduction

plants

167Rebuild oilpipelines

174Rebuild oilproduction

173

Interventionsocial services

144

Interventionpolicing

226

Rebuildwater lines

175

Fooddistribution

152Water

distribution

153

Rebuild water& sewage

treatment facilities

176

Interventionhealth

141

Interventionwater

143

Medicaltreatment

150

Interventioneducation

133

Trainteachers

161

Educationfacilities

159

Educationsupplies

160

Interventionhousing

142

Interventionmedia

138Intervention

PR

223

Interventionnegative PR

236

Negativeimpact of

intevention

222

Intervention

Reducinglikelihood of

population moves

216

Interventiongovt military

140Intervention

demobilization

228

Government

Drug manufactureis not a problem

66

Interventionjustice

127

Corruption incentral authorityis not rampant

12

Interventionsocial services

corruption

225

Drug cultivationis not a problem

65

Conductingbenign PRoperations

213

Interventionfood

136

Promotingcivic

education

214Sponsoringjournalisttraining

215

Train militaryforces

166

Negotiatingbureacraciesto get relief

154

Interventiontransition

224

Interventioncentral authority

129

Conductingconstabularyoperations

198

Mediate & negotiatew/ conflicting parties

185

Establishing demilitarizedzones, sanctions, and

arms embargoes

186

Maintaining compliancew/ peace accord

milestones & conditions

187

Implementing weaponscontrol regimes

188

Establishing observermissions & interposing

forces

191

Conductingwar crimes

investigations

197

Interventionpolice

139

Interventiongovt

corruption

227

Demobilizing, reducingor reintegrating military

& paramilitary units

189

Providing job training &employment for discharged

military personnel

190

Monitoringgovt

corruption

204

Create localgovernments

162Supply localgovernments

164Educate localgovernments

163

Providingadvisors to

police & justice

208Creating/reforming

military

209

Safeguardinggovt institutions

& officials

221Establishingconfidence

building measures

219Providingsecurity

assistance

220

Trainingnew electednat leaders

202Conductingnationwideelections

201Establishingconstitutional

reform

200Creatingtransitionnat govt

199

Providingadvisors to

nat govt

203Transfercontrolto govt

205Monitoring

govtpowersharing

206

Assistinghumane

penal system

210Assistingreforming

legal system

211Monitoring

humanrights

212

Reforming govteconomic policy

192

Seekinginvestment

capital

195

Energyimportation

196

Providingsecurity for

PO

233

Interventionpeace

operations

230Intervention

militaryretraining

229

Providingsecurity for

Stability activities

234

Providingsecurity forHA activities

232

Interventionfinancial

135Intervention

jobs

147Intervention

energy

134

Interventioninvestment

137

Interventionagriculture

128Intervention

naturalresources

231Intervention

transportation

146

Interventiondisplaced pop

132Intervention

telecom

145Intervention

critical industries

131

CoordinatingNGO

activities

217

Prepositioninghumanitarianrelief stocks

218

InterventionLE corruption

130

Economy

Providingforce security

235

ISSM v 2, file: (Untitled), 9/26/04, page: 1









ISSM

We get our initial meronymy connections here, but not our hyponymy connections


Conflict Ecosystem


© David J. Kilcullen, 2007

Theater ofOperations

The Conflict Ecosystem

Open / PorousSystem boundaries

Foreign Recruits

Funds

Equipment, Weapons & ammo

Propaganda

Refugees / DPs

Trained / radicalizedfighters

Sympathy &support

Ethnic group

Tribe

Tribe

Clan

Smugglers

Mafia

Businesses

NGOs

InternationalMedia

InternationalOrganizations

Refugees

Coalitionagencies

National government

Localmedia

Tribalfighters

InsurgentGroup A

InsurgentGroup B

Ethnic militia

NationalPolice

NationalArmy

Armed PrivateContractors

Frontierinfiltrators

CoalitionForces

TerroristCells

© David J. Kilcullen, 2007 from “Counterinsurgency in Iraq: Theory and Practice, 2007”

Operator’s View

80

Battlespace

(+)Effect

(-)Effect

(+/-)Effect

(-)Effect

(-/+) Effect

(+)

Effect

TasksTasks

TasksTasks

FriendliesFriendliesAdversaryAdversary EnvironmentEnvironment

• Performing tasks is a science – achieving desired effects is an art.

• The commander’s CONOPs contains the broad flow of tasks to assigned units intended to achieve the desired effects and the required endstate. It is a theory that is tested in execution against an adversary and his CONOPs.

Capability• Means + Ways• Freedom of Action• Potential to

Perform Tasks

Capability• Means + Ways• Freedom of Action• Potential to

Perform Tasks

Conditions• Affect Quality / Capacity

of Task Performance

Source:(Kiefer, 2004)

24 Jan 2011 IW Metrics Ontology

Interaction Space

Data Architect’s View

Environment• Elements & Attributes• Action & Reaction Queue• Action Standards• Action Conditions

Attributes

Attributes

Attributes

ActionsActions

AgentState0

AgentState0

ObjectState0

ObjectState0

EnvironmentState0

EnvironmentState0

• State = set of elements + their attributes at a moment in time

• A State Engine increments time; examines all elements and attributes; triggers actions and reactions whose state conditions are met; degrades or prohibits actions as limited by states; tests susceptibility state conditions of objects and, if met, changes attributes as a result of actions & reactions.

• Actions change state by changing attributes (if conditions permit)

Agent Capability• Elements & Attributes• Action Queue• Action Triggers• Action Performance Standards

Object Susceptibility• Elements & Attributes• Reaction Queue• Reaction Triggers• Action Susceptibility Standards

Source:(Kiefer, 2004)


Attack

Taliban People

InsurgentActivityTaliban

InformationOperations

Emphasizepower

Taliban Courts

De-legitimizeROL

Labor Pool

TalibanAccounts

Supplies &Services

CorruptionIn Law Enforcement

CorruptionIn Central Authority

CorruptionIn Public Office

CorruptionIn Social Services Bad Govt

Behavior

PettyCorruption

CorruptFunds

CorruptionIn Business

CorruptionIn Military

Non-TalibanPopulace

Public“Rage”

People’sFunds

Supplies &Services

Entity Model

OrganizedCrime

DrugCrime

CommonCrime

Stable,Growing, Licit

Economy

BankAccounts

Sustained LicitGrowth

BusinessEnablers

EconomicEnablers

Right of Ownership

Access to Capital

Markets & Customers

Loans

CrimeEconomy

Labor Pool

Materials

Ability to Incorporate

IllilicitFunds

Access to Energy

Transport & Infrastructure

Goods &Services

DrugEconomy

Rural GovtLegitimacy

National GovtLegitimacy

Urban GovtLegitimacy

PerceivedSecurity

EconomicStatus

IllicitEconomic

Status

Corruption

CrimeROL

National/ProvincialGovernance

Village-LevelGovernance

Urban-LevelGovernance

Support

CommunityCouncil

Reintegration

District-LevelGovernance

ChoiceProcess

Education &Social

Services

Labor Pool

GovernmentAccounts

Taxes

Policy

Supplies &Services

Dispute,Detain,Trial,Jail

Ownership

Corrections

Cops

Courts

Shura

Jirga

Labor Pool

ROLAccounts

Dispute ResolutionSupplies &Services

NGOSystem

ExternalFunding

PakistanIran,

Others

ExternalPopulation

ExternalGoods &Services

Control

Influence

IOCrime

Corrupt InfluenceCorrupt ActsRed ForceBlue Force

Manpower FlowFunds Flow

Illicit FundsGoods & ServicesMOM Calculation

Protect

LocalSecurity

AfghanNationalPolice

AfghanNational

ArmyISAF

InformationOperations

ISAFSecurity

Emphasizeprotection

Attack

Re-legitimizeROL

Labor Pool

SecurityAccounts

Labor Pool

Supplies &Services Supplies &

Services

LocalFunding

Rule of Law

Governance

Security

Economic Development

Population

Taliban

Corruption

External

MOMs


Force Model


OrganizedCrime

DrugCrime




CorruptionIn Social Services

Non-TalibanPopulace

Bad GovtBehavior

CommonCrime

Protect

Attack



LocalSecurity


AfghanNational

Army

Taliban People

Public“Rage”

InsurgentActivity

Support




PerceivedSecurity

CommunityCouncil

Reintegration


ISAFInformationOperations

TalibanInformationOperations

Emphasizepower

ChoiceProcess

Education &Social

Services

NGOSystem

ISAFSecurity

Taliban Courts

DrugEconomy


Economy

BankAccounts


BusinessEnablers

EconomicEnablers

Right of Ownership

Access to Capital

Markets & Customers

ExternalFunding

Loans

EconomicStatus

CrimeEconomy

IllicitEconomic

Status


Ownership

Emphasizeprotection

Corruption

PettyCorruption

CrimeROL

Corrections

Cops

Courts

Shura

Jirga

Attack

Re-legitimizeROL

De-legitimizeROL

PakistanIran,

Others

Labor Pool

Materials


Labor Pool

Labor Pool

Labor Pool

Labor Pool

GovernmentAccounts

People’sFunds

SecurityAccounts

ROLAccounts

TalibanAccounts

Labor Pool

IllilicitFunds

ExternalPopulation

Access to Energy


Goods &Services

Taxes

Dispute Resolution

Policy

Supplies &Services


Services

Supplies &Services

Supplies &Services

Supplies &Services


Control

Influence

IOCrime




LocalFunding

CorruptFunds




Funds Flow Model


OrganizedCrime

DrugCrime




CorruptionIn Social Services

Non-TalibanPopulace

Bad GovtBehavior

CommonCrime

Protect

Attack



LocalSecurity


AfghanNational

Army

Taliban People

Public“Rage”

InsurgentActivity

Support




PerceivedSecurity

CommunityCouncil

Reintegration


ISAFInformationOperations

TalibanInformationOperations

Emphasizepower

ChoiceProcess

Education &Social

Services

NGOSystem

ISAFSecurity

Taliban Courts

DrugEconomy


Economy

BankAccounts


BusinessEnablers

EconomicEnablers

Right of Ownership

Access to Capital

Markets & Customers

ExternalFunding

Loans

EconomicStatus

CrimeEconomy

IllicitEconomic

Status


Ownership

Emphasizeprotection

Corruption

PettyCorruption

CrimeROL

Corrections

Cops

Courts

Shura

Jirga

Attack

Re-legitimizeROL

De-legitimizeROL

PakistanIran,

Others

Labor Pool

Materials


Labor Pool

Labor Pool

Labor Pool

Labor Pool

GovernmentAccounts

People’sFunds

SecurityAccounts

ROLAccounts

TalibanAccounts

Labor Pool

IllilicitFunds

ExternalPopulation

Access to Energy


Goods &Services

Taxes

Dispute Resolution

Policy

Supplies &Services


Services

Supplies &Services

Supplies &Services

Supplies &Services


Control

Influence

IOCrime




LocalFunding

CorruptFunds




Potential Sources for Ontology Elements

Citation Reference

DoingWindows Bradd C. Hayes and Jeffrey I. Sands, Doing Windows: Non-Traditional Military Responses to Complex Emergencies. CCRP, Washington, DC. 1998.

ISSM AG Dean S. Hartley III, Operations Other Than War (OOTW) Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies (FAST) Prototype Toolbox: ISSM v4.00 Analysts' Guide. DRC, Orlando, FL. 2006.

VV&A Tool Dean S. Hartley III, DIME/PMESII VV&A Tool (Software). Hartley Consulting, Oak Ridge, TN. 2009.

Haskins Casey Haskins, "A Practical Approach to Cultural Insight," Military Review, Sept-Oct 2010.

OCRS Matrix Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization, "Post-Conflict Reconstruction Essential Tasks." US Dept of State, Washington, DC. 2005. http://www.crs.state.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.display&id=10234c2e-a5fc-4333-bd82-037d1d42b725

Kilcullen David Kilcullen, Counterinsurgency. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. 2010.

MPICE Michael Dziedzic, Barbara Sotirin, and John Agoglia, Measuring Progress in Conflict Environments (MPICE): A Metrics Framework for Assessing Conflict Transformation and Stabilization, Version 1.0 . US Institute for Peace, Washington, DC. 2008.

Young2010 William C. Young and Jerry R. Smith, "Requirements for Modeling DIME Actions and PMESII Effects" presented at FOCUS 2010 Conference. 2009.

Bennett William H. Bennett, "Media and Influence," Estimating Impact: A Handbook of Computational Methods and Models for Anticipating Economic, Social, Political and Security Effects in International Interventions, A. Kott and G Citrenbaum, eds. Springer, New York. 2010.

Hilson Roger Hilson, et al., Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite. Office of the Secretary of Defense Modeling & Simulation Steering Committee, Washington, DC. 2009.

A2

Identify Ontology Reuse

Candidates


Doctrine

Strategic/Operational Level – US Government COIN Guide

– IW Joint Operating Concept

– JP 3-24

– Joint Doctrine Pub 3-40

– FM 3-0

– FM 3-24

– FM 3-07

• Tactical Level – FM 3-24

– FM 3-07

– FM 3-07.1

– FM 3-24.2

– CALL Leader’s Handbook 07-27

– CALL PRT Playbook


From: (Azimuth, 2010)

IW Metrics Lexicon

• JP 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001, as amended through September 2010

• Some terms identified as part of Capabilities Based Planning

• Some terms identified as part of MORS workshops

• Other terms will be defined as part of ontology development effort

CBP Data Architecture Primitives

– Element: a physical or mental thing that exists. (noun)

– Attribute: a quantitative or qualitative characteristic of an element or its actions. (adjective or adverb)

– Action: A behavior by an element that changes the state of any element. (verb)

– State: the set of attributes an element possesses at a point in time.

88

From: (Kief, 2004) derived from (Dubois, 1997)

CBP Terminology for Operators

• Terminology discussed at MORS CPB Workshops

89

From: (Kief, 2004) and updated at (MORS, 2007)

CBP Terminology for Data Architects

• Classes: physical/mental (all), agent/object (elements only)

• State: the set of attributes an element possesses at a point in time

• Capability: the set of all actions that an agent element may take as permitted by its state.

• Susceptibility: the set of all actions that can change an attribute of an object element as permitted by its current state.

• Condition: a range of states that affects performance of an action or an action’s impact on changing an attribute.

• Standard: the proficiency and sufficiency specified for performance of a task.

• Effect: a state change

• Endstate: the state that defines achievement of the commander’s mission.

• Metric: quantitative measure associated with an attribute.

90

From: (Kief, 2004)

Bibliography – Books (1 of 2)

• Allemang, D., & Hendler, J. (2008). Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.

• Baader, F., Calvanese, D., McGuinness, D. L., Nardi, D., & Patel-Schneider, P. F. (Eds) (2010). The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation and Applications (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.

• Daconta, M. C. (2007). Information As Product: How to Deliver the Right Information, To the Right Person, At the Right Time. Denver, CO: Outskirts.

• Davies, J. L. & Gurr, T. R., (Eds.) (1998). Preventive Measures: Building Risk Assessment and Crisis Early Warning Systems. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.

• Fensel, D., Hendler, J., Lieberman, H., & Wahlster, W. (Eds) (2003).Spinning the Semantic Web. Cambridge, MA: MIT.

• Galula, D. (1964). Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice. Westport, CN: Praeger Secutity International.

• Gilbert, N. & Troitzsch, K. G. (2005). Simulation for the Social Scientist (2nd ed).Glasgow, U.K.: Bell & Bain.

• Grady, R. B., & Caswell, D. L. (1987). Software Metrics: Establishing a Company-Wide Program. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

• Hayes, B. C., & Sands, J. I. (1998). Doing Windows: Non-Traditional Military Responses to Complex Emergencies. Washington D.C.: CCRP.

• Kaner, S., Lind, L., Toldi, C., Fisk, S., & Berger, D. (2007). Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-Making (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

• Kilcullen, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency. New York: Oxford.

• Nelson, R. B., & Wallick, J. (1994). The Presentation Primer: Getting Your Point Across. New York; Irwin.

• Orr, R. C. (Ed) (2004). Winning the Peace: An American Strategy for Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies.

• Rumbaugh, J., Blaha, M., Premerlani, W., Eddy, F., & Lorensen, W. (1991).Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

• Salmoni, B. A. & Holmes-Eber, P. (2008). Operational Culture for the Warfighter: Principles and Applications. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps University.


Bibliography – Books (2 of 2)

• Schwarz, R., (2002). The Skilled Facilitator New & Revised: A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, and Coaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

• Sharp, E. B. (Ed.) (1999). Culture Wars & Local Politics. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

• Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, Event Planners, and Educators. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

• Wilkinson, M. (2004). The Secrets of Facilitation: the S.M.A.R.T. Guide to Getting Results with Groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

• Zeigler, B.P., Praehofer, H., & Kim, T. G. (2000). Theory of Modeling and Simulation (2nd ed.). New Delhi, India: Harcourt India.


Bibliography – Papers and Presentations

• Albe2003.pdf Power to the Edge

• Alberts, D. S., & Hayes, R. E. (2003). Power to the Edge: Command…Control… in the information Age. Washington D.C.: Command and Control Research Program.

• Bach2007.pdf A Toolkit for Building Hybrid, Multi-resolution PMESII Models

• Bachman, J. A., & Harper, K. A. (Nov 2007). A Toolkit for Building Hybrid, Multi-Resolution PMESII Models. Rome, NY: Air Force Research Laboratory.

• Cana2010.pdf Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan Quarterly Report

• Canada (2010). Canada’s Engagement in Afghanistan: Quarterly Report to Parliament For the Period of April 1 to June 30, 2010. Canada: Government of Canada.

• Chal2009.pdf Tipping Sacred Cows - Moral Potential Through Operational Art

• Challand, LT COL T. (2009). Tipping Sacred Cows: Moral Potential Through Operational Art. Military Review, Sept-Oct 2009, pp. 19-28.

• Jack2009.pdf Analyzing Populations in Stability Operations

• Jack (2009, 5 Aug). Analyzing Populations in Stability Operations using Cultural Geography. Monterey, CA: U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center.

• Kilcullen, D. (2007). Counterinsurgency in Iraq: Theory and Practice. A seminar at the Marine Corps Base at Quantico, VA, Sept 26, 2007.

• Kilcullen, D. (2010). Book included above.


Bibliography – Papers and Presentations

• Mand2008.pdfThe Ontology of Counterinsurgency

• Mandrick, MAJ W. S. (2008). The Ontology of Counterinsurgency. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MPSA Annual National Conference, Chicago, IL, Apr 03, 2008. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p267785_index.html

• The listing immediately above is what I came up with based on my reading of the manual.

• Mandrick, W. S. , 2008-04-03 "The Ontology of Counterinsurgency" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MPSA Annual National Conference, Palmer House Hotel, Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2010-11-08 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p267785_index.html

• The listing immediately above is listed online as the APA citation.

• Mans2007.pdf Linking Doctrine to Action: A New COIN Center-of-Gravity Analysis

• Mansoor, COL P. R., & Ulrich, MAJ M. S. (Oct 2007). Linking Doctrine to Action: A New Coin Center-of-Gravity Analysis. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Army Combined Arms Center, Army & Marine CounterInsurgency Center.

• McCr2001.pdfEffects-based Operations: An Overview

• McCrabb, M. (2001). Effects-based Operations: an Overview.

• McCrabb, Maris. Effects-Based Operations: An Overview. 52 slides.

• Available online at: http://www.dtic.mil/jointvision/ideas_concepts/ebo.ppt

• Note: the hyperlink above would not work for me. This listing was available under ‘Internet Resources’ at http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/ebo.htm a January 2008 Maxwell AFB, AL, site.

• Smit2009 PPT.pdf Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite

• Smith, J. R., Young, W. C., et. al. (2009, Aug 4). Requirements for a Government Owned DIME/PMESII Model Suite. Presentation.


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IW Ontologies Dean S. Hartley III, Hartley Consulting Lee Lacy, DRC Paul Works, TRAC INFORMS...

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