Ivailo Chakarov

Web Technologies

Basic Internet Terminology

Ivailo Chakarov

We use the Internet for: • Searching for information

• Shopping

• Email

• Downloading files

• Uploading files

• Chats (using web-cams)

• Games

Web Technologies

Internet= Inter Networks

Ivailo Chakarov

Terms:

• Intra = Inside (Intranet)

• Inter = Between (Internet)

Web Technologies

Internet= Inter Networks

Ivailo Chakarov

Web Technologies

Sneakernet

Ivailo Chakarov

Web Technologies

Dial-up Internet

PC PC

California New Jersey

modem

modem

Ivailo Chakarov

Bit = Binary digit • Computers understand bits

• A bit represents:– 0 or 1

– On or Off

– True or False

• A bit is the smallest unit of storage (in computing)

• Example: 10010111 (8 bits long number)

Web Technologies

Binary code

Ivailo Chakarov

Web Technologies

Signals

Analogue signal

Digital signal

- a codified message • a transmitter encodes a

message into a signal

• the signal is carried overa communication channel

• the signal is received bya receiver

- can be digital or analogue

Ivailo Chakarov

- Modulator/Demodulator

Modulation (binary signals)

10010111

Demodulation (signals binary)

10010111

Web Technologies

Modems

Ivailo Chakarov

Cold War • USSR v. USA

• USA created ARPA

• ARPA wanted to create computer-based air defence systems.

• A network needed to be created that is robust and survivable.

• In October 1969 the APRA-Net was created(thus the Internet was initiated)

Web Technologies

History of Internet

Ivailo Chakarov

Web Technologies

Dial-up Internet

PC PC

California New Jersey

modem

modem

10010111

10010111

Ivailo Chakarov

• Computer/PC

• Modem or Network card

• Operating System

• Web browser

• Internet Service Provider

Web Technologies

Connection Requirements

Ivailo Chakarov

• a business or organization that sells to consumers access to the Internet and related services. (Wikipedia)

Web Technologies

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Ivailo Chakarov

• a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. (Wikipedia)

• examples:– Windows

– Unix

– Linux

– Mac OS

Web Technologies

Operating System

Ivailo Chakarov

• a device that modulates an analogue signal to encode digital information, and demodulates such a signal to decode the information. (Wikipedia)

• can be:– Internal

– External

Web Technologies

Modem

Ivailo Chakarov

• a network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network (Wikipedia)

• can be:– Internal– External

Web Technologies

Network Card

Ivailo Chakarov

• a piece of software used to view web pages on the World Wide Web

• examples:– Microsoft Internet Explorer– Netscape Navigator– Opera– Mozilla Firefox– Safari– Browzar

Web Technologies

Web browser