IT Fundamentals 1

Input and Output

Describe inputInput Devices

Keyboard entry, pointing devices, scanning devicesImage capture, digitizing, audio-input devices

OutputMonitors, printers, audio outputCombination input and output

devices

IT Fundamentals 2

INPUTINPUT

INPUTInput is any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer.Input Devices An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data or instructions, programs, commands and user responses into a computer.Translate what language people understand into a form that computer can process

keyboard, mouse, stylus, digital pen, microphone, digital camera and scanner, audio input device.

IT Fundamentals 3

Keyboard Entry

Translate numbers, letters and special characters

3 types of keyboard– Traditional keyboard

– Space-saving folding keyboards– Ergonomic keyboard

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Keyboard Entry

Traditional keyboard ESC: escape key, cancel a selection or a procedure– Function keys: shortcut for specific tasks– Numeric keypad

•numbers, arithmetic symbols•Controls cursor or insertion point

– Navigation keys•Controls cursor or insertion point

– Windows key: displays the start menu– Spacebar: enters blank spaces between

characters– Caps lock: toggle key– Ctrl, shift key: combination keys

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Pointing devicesThe most natural gestures of humanMany kinds of pointing devices

– Mouse•Mechanical mouse

– Left button– Right button– Roller ball

•Optical mouse•Cordless or wireless mouse

– Something similar to mouse•Trackball(roller ball)•Touchpad•Pointing stick

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Pointing devices

Many kinds of pointing devices– Joystick

•Primary used for games– Touch screen

•Touch-sensitive display device. Users interface with these devices by touching areas of the screen with a finger

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pointing devices

– Light pen •Light-sensitive penlike device

– Stylus pen– digital pen

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Examples of Direct Entry Input Devices(1)Examples of Direct Entry Input Devices(1)

Scanner Also called optical scanner, is a light-

sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process.

Flatbed 、 Pen 、 Sheet-fed 、 Drum

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Barcode Readers A bar code scanner is an optical

reader that uses laser beams to read bar codes. It is an identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths. The bar code represents data that identifies the manufacturer and the item.

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Character and mark recognition devices– Scanners that are able to

recognize special characters and marks.

– 3 types•Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)

•Optical-character recognition (OCR)

•Optical-mark recognition (OMR), mark sensing

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MICR

Application of OMR

OCR

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Image capturing devices

Create or capture original imagesDigital cameras

– Images are recorded digitally on a disk or in the cameras memory

– Take a picture, view it immediatelyDigital video cameras

– Record motion digitallyWebcams

– Specialized digital video cameras

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Digitizing devices

Convert a sketch or figure into a form that can be processed by a computer

Consist of flat surface and a writing device

2 kinds of digitizing devices– Graphic tablets

•Used by artists, mapmakers, engineers

– Digital notebooks•Use a notepad positioned on top of

an electronic pad or tablet•Electronic pad records the notes

taken and drawings created by regular pen

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Graphic tablets

Digital notebook

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Audio-input devices

Convert sounds for processing– Microphone

Voice recognition systems– Use a microphone, sound card, special

software– 2 types of voice recognition systems

•Discrete-speech recognition systems– Can recognize individual words– Cannot distinguish between same-

sound words•Continuous-speech recognition systems

– Distinguish between same-sound words by evaluating the context

– Example:IBM Via Voice

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Voice recognition system and dictating

a paperPreparing

– Create your personal user profile,which will store your speech patterns

– Read prearranged standard text to teach the software your unique speech patterns

– Refine your profile to include specialized vocabulary

Using a microphone, dictating the text in wordSurfing

– Start internet explore– Go to address www.yahoo.com. – Click auctions

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Examples of Direct Entry Input Devices(2)Examples of Direct Entry Input Devices(2)

Data Collection Deviceobtains data directly at the location

where the transaction or event takes place.

Sensors encode a physical event into data pressure sensor temperature

sensor

IT Fundamentals 18

Terminals

a device that enables you to communicate with a computer. Generally, a terminal is a combination of keyboard and display screen

Point-of-Sale Terminals(POS)The POS transaction is captured using a variety of devices which include computers, cash registers, optical and bar code scanners, magnetic card readers, or any combination of these devices.

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Terminals

IT Fundamentals 20

Terminals

Automated Teller Machine (ATM) • A computerized telecommunications device

that provides the customers of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller.

• On most modern ATMs, the customer is identified by inserting a plastic ATM card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip, which contains a unique card number and some security information, such as an expiration date.

• Security is provided by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN).

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Terminals

ATM

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Terminals

Smart Displays Smart Display was a Microsoft initiative to use a portable touchscreen LCD monitor as a thin client for PCs, connecting via Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity)

IT Fundamentals 23

Biometric Input

Biometricsthe study of measurable biological characteristics.In computer security, biometrics refers to authentication techniques that rely on measurable physical characteristics that can be automatically checked

several types of biometric identification schemes

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Biometric Input

Biometric devicesA biometric device is a device that translates a personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in a computer

Biometric Flash Disk device

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User Interface(UI) User Interface(UI)

The junction between a user and a computer program.

(1) A command-driven interface(2) A menu-driven interface:

Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)