The separation of a person

with infectious disease

from contact with other

human beings for the

period of communicability

Of all the links in the chain of infection, the

mode of transmission is the easiest to break

Airborne Precautions

Droplet Precautions

Contact Precautions

Causative agents of diseases under

airborne precaution are less than 5

μm, thus can be carried away by air

currents

• Measles

• Tuberculosis (Pulmonary/Laryngeal)

• Varicella

• Single room with negative

air pressure

• 6-12 air exchanges per

hour

• Room door closed

Testing Negative Pressure

•Automatic pressure monitors

The smoke tube

Applay Standard Precautions

N95 respirator

will be used as PPE

Limit patient movement

the patient should wear

a surgical mask

outside the isolation

room

SEAL CHECK

• Every time you wear the

95 mask ,you should make

Sure that it is well sealed over

Your face featueres

Sealed testing

Respiratory Protection

• N95 respirator

Airborne Precautions

TUBERCULOSIS

• Laryngeal/Pulmonary TB with positive smear sputum sample for acid fast bacilli is transmitted by airborne.

• After 2 weeks from starting effective treatment, 3 sputum samples (with 8 hours in between & at least one morning sample) should be negative to discontinue the isolation.

MERS CoV

• Suspected or confirmed cases of MERS-COV will be under AIRBORNE and CONTACT PRECAUTION.

• For positive cases we can discontinue isolation 48hrs after S/S disappearance with at least one negative lab result.

Causative agents of diseases under droplet

precaution are greater than 5 μm. They can

travel up to 3 feet (1 meter) before

falling to the ground

• Haemophilus influenzae type B

disease, including meningitis,

pneumonia, epiglottis and sepsis

• Streptococcal (group A)

pharyngitis, scarlet fever in

infants and young children

• Influenza, Mumps

Patient placement

•Private room

•Cohort nursing

•Maintain special separation of at least 3 feet (1 meter) in between

Protection for HCW

• Standard precautions• Surgical mask if working within 3 feet of the patient

Patient Transport

• Limit movement• Mask the patient with

surgical mask

Use In addition to standard precaution,

for patients known or suspected to have

serious illness transmitted through

contact

Direct Contact

Transmission

In-Direct Contact

Transmission

• Multi-drug resistant

microorganisms (MDRO’s), VRE,

MRSA, ESBL, B.cepacia

• RSV infection in infants, young

childrena nd immunocompromised

patients

• Clostridium defficile

enterocolitis

Patient placement

• Private room

• Cohort nursing

Protection for HCW

• Handwashing

• Gloves

• Gown

Patient Transport

• Limit movement

MDRO

• All Colonization/Infection patients with MDRO should be under Contact Isolation.

• Isolation can be discontinued after receiving 3 negative lab result 48hrs after antimicrobial discontinuation.

• The risk of infection transmission may

be highest before a definitive

diagnosis can be reached

• Therefore, patients with certain

clinical syndromes should be isolated

empirically until we have a definitive

diagnosis.

Example

Patient with chronic cough more than 2 weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweat.

The patient should be under empiric airborne Isolation until sputum sample AFB lab result is received

If positive continu isolation. If 3 negative ,

D/C isolation

PROTECTIVE ISOLATION

• It is implemented for immunocompromised patient.

• Patient is placed in positive pressure room. With HEPA-FILTER for air supply.

• Sick people are not allowed to visit the patient.

• Pets and plants are also not allowed.

•CARD