14.0 Describe Principles of 14.0 Describe Principles of Plant Growth ProductionPlant Growth Production 14.2 Explore methods of 14.2 Explore methods of

classifying plants.classifying plants.

Introduction To PlantsIntroduction To Plants

Two Groups of PlantsTwo Groups of Plants Nonvascular - most primitive, rely on Nonvascular - most primitive, rely on

water coming to them.water coming to them. Vascular - contain vascular tissue that Vascular - contain vascular tissue that

transports water.transports water. And Fungi – which are not plantsAnd Fungi – which are not plants

And Non PlantsAnd Non Plants Fungi - Fungi -

most primitive; do not havemost primitive; do not have true roots, leaves, true roots, leaves, stems stems

do not contain chlorophyll in their do not contain chlorophyll in their cellscells

Obtain their food from other sources Obtain their food from other sources – heterotrophs or parasites– heterotrophs or parasites Reproduce asexually - sporesReproduce asexually - spores Example:Example: Mushrooms, molds, puffballs, Mushrooms, molds, puffballs,

lichenslichens

Mushrooms and Toadstools

Found in damp, shady places

Very short lifespan

Most are poisonous

(if it is red it is poison)

Some grown for commercial use

fungi which grow in symbiosis with algae, fungi which grow in symbiosis with algae, forming a structure in which the algal cells forming a structure in which the algal cells are imbedded in the fungal structure are imbedded in the fungal structure (hyphae)(hyphae)

the algae gets water and minerals from the the algae gets water and minerals from the fungusfungus

the fungus gets food from the algae which the fungus gets food from the algae which is able to conduct photosynthesisis able to conduct photosynthesis

found on bare rocks in a crust like, shrub found on bare rocks in a crust like, shrub like, or leaf like formlike, or leaf like form

can be used to make perfume or for dyescan be used to make perfume or for dyes

LichensLichens

Non-vascular PlantNon-vascular Plant NonvascularNonvascular

no vascular tissueno vascular tissue no leaves, stems, or no leaves, stems, or

rootsroots low growing, close to low growing, close to

the groundthe ground reach maturity quicklyreach maturity quickly can grow in varying can grow in varying

climatesclimates Produce food in every Produce food in every

cellcell

MossesMosses

a flowerless planta flowerless plant lies flat and grows in moist areas lies flat and grows in moist areas

(carpet like appearance) (carpet like appearance) reproduces sexuallyreproduces sexually Economics - used by gardeners as a Economics - used by gardeners as a

mulch because it helps keep moisture mulch because it helps keep moisture close to the plants roots.close to the plants roots.

AlgaeAlgae different shapes, sizes, and colorsdifferent shapes, sizes, and colors simple plants that contain simple plants that contain

photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll)photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll) found in wet soilfound in wet soil

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants has vascular tissue – has vascular tissue –

tissue that moves food tissue that moves food and nutrients around and nutrients around plantplant

leaves, stems, and rootsleaves, stems, and roots produces food for plant produces food for plant

only in leavesonly in leaves

May have a long life span – May have a long life span – one season or manyone season or many grows tall and widegrows tall and wide Has chlorophyll for photosynthesis Has chlorophyll for photosynthesis

examples: ferns, trees, examples: ferns, trees, grasses and grasses and

flowering flowering plantsplants

Two Groups of Vascular PlantsTwo Groups of Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms - naked seedGymnosperms - naked seed Angiosperms -  vessel seedAngiosperms -  vessel seed

Gymnosperm vs. AngiospermGymnosperm vs. Angiosperm

Gymnosperm -Gymnosperm -expose their seedsexpose their seedsexamples-pine, spruce, ferns examples-pine, spruce, ferns

and conifers treesand conifers trees

AngiospermAngiospermproduce and store their produce and store their seeds in an ovary – often seeds in an ovary – often called fruitcalled fruitexamples - roses, elm examples - roses, elm trees, geraniums, apple trees, geraniums, apple trees, etc.trees, etc.

Subclasses of AngiospermsSubclasses of AngiospermsA. Monocots – A. Monocots –

single seed leaf single seed leaf (cotyledon)(cotyledon)

flowers/petals grow in flowers/petals grow in groups of threegroups of three

leaves have parallel leaves have parallel veinsveins

Flowers often small, overlookedFlowers often small, overlooked Usually grow for only one yearUsually grow for only one year Examples: corn, grasses, onions, Examples: corn, grasses, onions,

lilies and many grainslilies and many grains

DicotsDicots

two seed leaves (cotyledons)two seed leaves (cotyledons) flowers/petals grow in groups flowers/petals grow in groups

of four or fiveof four or five leaves have network veins leaves have network veins

that branch outthat branch out

Examples: trees, sunflower, Examples: trees, sunflower, beans, pumpkins and cloverbeans, pumpkins and clover..

Greatest number of plants are dicots

Tend to live a long time – one season or many

Produce food, clothing, housing

Review: Review: Vascular or Non-vascular?Vascular or Non-vascular?

Moss

Review: Review: Vascular or Non-vascular?Vascular or Non-vascular?

flowering tree

Review:Review:Gymnosperm or Angiosperm?Gymnosperm or Angiosperm?

Rose

Review:Review:Gymnosperm or Angiosperm?Gymnosperm or Angiosperm?

Pine Tree

Review:Review:Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?

Corn

Review:Review:Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?

Bean