Introduction to

Human Anatomy

Sanjaya Adikari

Department of Anatomy

Why do you need to study anatomy?

• A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs

– Pains

– Lumps/bumps

– Withdrawing of blood & giving injections

– Basic medical procedures

Why do you need to study anatomy?

• Surgeons need to know what they

cut

– Where to cut

– How to find the structures/organs

– Relationship of stuctures/organs

– Normal variations

Subsections in the study of Anatomy

• Dissections/Macroscopic structure

• Histology/Microscopic structure

• Embryology

• Genetics

Dissection is done in regions

– Head and neck (with Nervous control M)

– Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M)

– Abdomen (with Alimentation M)

– Pelvis & Perineum (with Excretion & Reproduc M)

– Limbs (with Locomotion M)

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical Position

Anterior = Ventral

Posterior = Dorsal

Superior =

Cephalic

Inferior = Caudal

Left and Right

Medial and Lateral

Anatomical planes

Para saggital/Para median

‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’

‘B’ is medial to ‘A’

A B

Superior/cephalic

Inferior/caudal

A

B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’

‘B’ is distal to ‘A’

A

B

Pre-axial border

Post-axial border

Abduction

Adduction

Extension

Flexion

FlexionMovement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it

ExtensionMovement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it

Flexion

Extension

Rotation

Circumduction

Superficial

Closer to the skin/out side

Deep

Away from the skin/out side

Books Recommended• Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy

• McMinn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy

• Grant’s Dissector

• Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J.W. Heath or

Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh

Books Recommended

• LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED

• Gray’s Anatomy for students

• Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh

• Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore

• Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera

List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections• Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group• Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per

group • Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group • Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group• Cotton wool - 400 g packet• Gauze bandage - 06 per group • Two pairs of socks• One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply

body fluid• A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters

long

• Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat

Instruments

Scalpel handle (No. 4)

Scalpel blade (No 22)

Instruments

Instruments

Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors

5-6 inch Forceps

Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies

Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies

Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies

Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies

Communication with staff• Talk during practical classes

• Meet us personally in the office

• ‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor)

• Email: Our: headanatomy@pdn.ac.lk

adikarisb@yahoo.com

Your: m1001@med.pdn.ac.lk

Batch Stu. No.

Exams•Semester Exams – 4

• SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%)

• Each OSPE item will have equal weightage

•No separate merit exam

• Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide

‘Distinctions in Anatomy’