Post on 07-May-2015
Organization Behaviour
Presentation on
Presented by :-
Mehul RasadiyaPresent for :-
Ms. Neha Rathi(K.K.Parekh Inst. of Mgt. Studies)
• Meaning and Definition
• Characteristics and nature
• Structure
• Challenge
• Approaches
Content
Mehul Rasadiya
Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within an organization. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and management; and it complements the academic studies of Organizational theory (which is more macro-level) and human resource studies (which is more applied and business-related). It may also be referred to as organizational studies or organizational science. The field has its roots in industrial and organizational psychology.
Meaning
Mehul Rasadiya
Definition “Organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates
the impact that individuals, groups and organizational structure have on behaviour within the organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organizational effectiveness.”
The above definition has three main elements; first organizational behaviour Is an investigative study of individuals and groups, second, the impact of organizational structure on human behaviour and the third, the application of knowledge to achieve organizational effectiveness. These factors are interactive in nature and the impact of such behaviour is applied to various systems so that the goals are achieved. The nature of study of organizational behaviour is investigative to establish cause and effect relationship.
Mehul Rasadiya
Continue..
OB involves integration of studies undertaken relating to behavioural sciences like psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, social psychology and political science. Therefore, organizational behaviour Is a comprehensive field of study in which individual, group and organizational structure is studied in relation to organizational growth and organizational culture, in an environment where impact of modern technology is great. The aim of the study is to ensure that the human behaviour contributes towards growth of the organization and greater efficiency is achieved.
Mehul Rasadiya
• Organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.
- STEPHEN P. ROBBINS
• Organizational behaviour is the study and application at knowledge about the how people - as individuals and a groups - act within organization. It strives to identify ways in which people can act more effectively.
-KEITH DAVIS
• Organizational behaviour is concerned with the study of what People do in an organization and how their behaviour affect the performance of the organizations.
-BRIEF.
Continue..
Mehul Rasadiya
Nature1. A separate field of study - > Organizational Behaviour is a separate field
of study. Many researches and analysis have been done in this field. But it is not still accepted as a science. There is no foundation of basic concepts that may guide its development as a science. Therefore, it will be appropriate to call it a field of study rather than discipline.
2. It is an applied science - > The aim of OB it to solve problems of organizations related with human behaviour aspect. Therefore, applied researches are concentrated, in place of fundamental researches. Though many of the researches may be carried in laboratory, but the behaviour of an individual can not be analyzed so. Therefore, Organizational Behaviour is both science as well as art.
3. Goal Oriented - > Since OB is applied science it is oriented towards organizational goals. Sometimes there may be conflict of organizational goals with invidual goals. In that case, both the objectives are achieved simultaneously. Mehul Rasadiya
Continue..
4. Focus Attention On people - > OB focus the attention on people. It is based on the concept that need and motivation of the people should be given priority. if the people are given proper environment and working condition, they are creative, independent and capable of achieving organizational objectives.
5. Interdisciplinary Approach - > Organizational Behaviour is interdisciplinary in nature. It is based on behavioural and social sciences that contributes to the subject. It applies from this disciplines ideas that will improve the relationships between people and organization.
Mehul Rasadiya
Characteristics1. It is a way of thinking about individuals, groups and organizations.
2. It is multidisciplinary – it uses principles, models, theories and methods from other disciplines.
3. There is a distinctly humanistic orientation – people and their, attitudes perceptions, learning capacities, feelings and goals are of major importance.
4. It is performance-orientated – it deals with the factors affecting performance and how it can be improved.
5. The use of scientific method is important in studying variables and relationships.
6. It is applications-orientated in the sense of being concerned with providing useful answers to questions which arise when managing
organizations.
Mehul Rasadiya
Relative contribution of disciplines
Political scienceThe study of the behavior
of individuals & groupswithin a political
enviourment
Psychology the science
of human behavior
Sociology the science of society
Anthropologythe science of
the learned behavior ofhuman beings
Interdisciplinary Influences on
Organizational Behavior
Mehul Rasadiya
Sociology “The study of people in relation to their
fellow human beings”
Group Dynamics Work teams CommunicationPower Conflict Inter-group behavior
Organization System
Sociology
Former Organization theory Organizational technology Organizational changes Organizational culture
Group
Mehul Rasadiya
Anthropology “The Society of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.”
Comparative Value Comparative attitudes Cross-culture analysis
Group
Anthropology
Organizational Culture Organizational environment
Organization System
Mehul Rasadiya
Political Sciences
“The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.”
Political Science Conflict Intra-organizational Politics Power
Organizational System
Mehul Rasadiya
Learning Motivation Personality Emotion Perception Training Leadership Effectiveness Job Satisfaction Individual decision making Performance appraisalAttitude measurement Employee Selection Work design Work stress
Psychology Individuals
“The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.”
Psychology
Mehul Rasadiya
Define Psychology “The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.”
Psychology
Sociology
Social Psychology
Anthropology
Organization
Group
Individual
Study of Organizational
Behavior
Mehul Rasadiya
Approaches of OB
Approaches
Classical approach
Scientific management
Administrative
Neo – classical approach
Modern approach
SystemApproach
Contingency approach
Mehul Rasadiya
The Four Principles
1. Study the way the job is performed.
2. Codify the new method into rules.
3. Select workers whose skills match.
4. Establish a fair level of performance.
Mehul Rasadiya
Challenges and opportunities
A quick look at few dramatic changes now taking place in organization.
1. Old employee getting old
2. Corporate Downsizing
3. Temporary working employees
4. Global competition
5. War on terror
In short there are lot of challenges and opportunities today for managers to OB concepts. Mehul Rasadiya
1.Globalization to RespondOrganizations are no longer constrained by national borders, world become global village.
o Increased foreign assignmentTransferred to your employer’s operating division in another country, Once there, you’ll have to manage workforce, aspiration from employees, and attitudes from those you are used to back home
o Working with different peopleWorking with bosses, peers and other employees who were born and raised in different culture, to work effectively with them you’ve to understand how their culture, geographic and religion have shaped them.
o Coping with Anti-capitalism backlash“soak the rich” means fine should be charged with respect of income you earn. Managers at global companies have come to realize that economic values are not universally transferable, need to modify by managers to reflect economic values in those countries they’re working.
o Overseeing Movement of jobs to countries with low cost laborIn a global economy, jobs tend to flow to places where lower cost provide business firms with a comparative advantages
o Managing people During the war on terrorAn understanding of OB topics such as emotions, motivation, communication and leadership can help managers to deal more effectively with their employees’ fear about terrorism
Mehul Rasadiya
2. Managing workforce diversityThe people in organization are becoming heterogeneous demographically, Workforcediversity= whereas globalization focuses on differences between people from different countries, mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, and sexualorientation.Embracing diversity Changing US demographics Changing management philosophy Recognizing and responding to difference
3. Improving Quality and productivityWorld added capacity in response to increase demand. Excess capacity translate in increase competition, is forcing managers to reduce costs and, at the same time; improve the organization quality and productivity.
4. Improving Customer serviceOB can contribute to improving an organization’ performance by showing that howemployees’ attitude and behavior are associated with customer satisfaction.
5.Improving people skillsDesigning motivating jobs, how creating effective teams, techniques for improving interpersonal skills
6.Stimulating innovation and changeVictory will go the organization the maintain their flexibility, continually improve their quality and beat their competition in market place. An organization’s employees can be major block in change, the challenge to the manager to stimulate their creativity and tolerance for change.Mehul Rasadiya
7.Coping with TemporarinessSurvival for the organization, is need to move fast and flexible and innovative in their products, jobs are redesigned, task are done by flexibility, trained old employees with new technology, better understanding of change, overcome resistance to change, create organizational culture
8.Working in network organizationGlobal working through one link i.e. INTERNET, technology changes the people to work together and communicate at thousand miles, people can work from their homeland non office locations.
9.Helping employees Balance work-life conflictsFlexible Working hours, reporting time, creating opportunities for employees, job security, design workplace and jobs.
10.Creating positive Work EnvironmentHuman strength, vitality, right person appointed at right place, effort on what good for organization.
11.Improving Ethical BehaviorManager shouldn’t place an order on which subordinate don’t agreeDefine clearly the right and wrong conduct air policy and appropriate system Increase confidence and trust over organization Have some logic against order you place to employees
Mehul Rasadiya
Functional Structure
Divisional Structures
Matrix structure
Product Team Structure
Geographic Structure
Market Structure
Product Structure
Organizational Structure
Conclusion• Organizational behavior promotes communication – and communication promotes knowledge. In return, the organizational knowledge established the organizational behavior as part of the everyday company routine. The ideas or knowledge that every individual contribute is valued by the firm. All the ideas are examined well and after the successful adaptation, another legacy is left behind that can be used for the next year or product simulation.
•Organizational practice on the other hand, is a form of routine or standardized action which is always subject for improvement. All the practice involved in making the product is based from the knowledge they learned and organized. With this, the cycle of acquiring the knowledge and applying it is emphasized and cannot be broken as part of the organization’s effectiveness.