Post on 31-Mar-2015
Chapter 4 :Interdependence
Among Living Organisms And
The Environment
InterdependenceAmong living
Organisms and theenvironment
ecosystem
population communities
InteractionBetween
Livingorganisms
Predator-prey
Biologicalcontrol
Lion anddeer
symbiosis
commensalism
Tree andfern
parasitism
A tree and A mistletoe
mutualism
Hermit crabAnd seaanemone
competition
Foodchain
Food web
Humanactivities
Agricultureindustry
PyramidOf
numbers
FeedingRelationshipsAnd the flowOf energy
photosynthesis
Carbon dioxideLightWater
chlorophyll
4.1 Interdependence Among Living Organisms
HabitatSpecies
PopulationCommunityEcosystem
Habitat•The natural home of an organism where it lives and reproduce
Examples :
Species
•A similar organism or same
characteristics
Population•The same species
live and reproduce in a specific habitat
Examples :
Community•Different type of population live
together in a specific habitat and interacting
with one another
Examples :
Ecosystem•The interaction of the
organisms (several community) with the
environment in a habitat
Examples :
Interaction Between Living
Organism1. Prey-Predator2. Symbiosis
2.1. Commensalism2.2. Mutualism2.3. Parasitism
3. Competition
Interaction Between Living
Organism
1.Prey - Predator
2.Symbiosis
2.3 Parasitism
2.2 Mutualism
2.1 Commensalism
3. Competition
Prey - Predator
Predator:A living
organism that hunts other
living organism for food
Prey:A living
organism that is hunted by
predators
Example:Cat
(predator)eats mouse
(prey)
Example 2:Lion
(predator) eats
deer(prey)
Cat eat mouse
Lion eat deer
Prey-predator
APKBS4 2011
APKBS4 2011
Symbiosis
2.1. Commensalism2.2. Mutualism2.3. Parasitism
Commensalism
Meaning:is an interaction between two
different organisms where only one organisms benefits from the
relationship. The other organisms is neither helped nor harmed.
The organisms whichbenefits incommensalism is called the
commensal. The organisms which is not affectedis
called the host.
Example:Sea anemone (the host) uses
poisonous to protect the clown fish(the commensal) from its
predators . The sea anemone is neither helped nor harmed by the
clown fish
Example:The remora fish(the
commensal) feeds on food scattered by the shark(the host) . The shark neither
helped nor harmed by the clown fish
Sea anemone with clown fish
Remora fish with shark
commensalism
Mutualism
Meaning:An interaction that
benefits both organism
Example:Sea anemone obtains food and transport from the hermit crab
whereas hermit crab is protected from its predators by the poisonous
tentacles of the sea anemone
Example 2:The fungus and the green algae live
together in a lichen . The fungus provides water , protection and
nutrients to the algae whereas the algae provides the fungus with food
produced during photosynthesis
Sea anemone with hermit crab
lichen on Corylus
mutualism
Mynah and buffalo
Parasitism
Meaning:An interaction in which one
organism (the parasite) benefits but the others organism(the host) is
harmed
Example:The tapeworm(the parasite) in the human’s intestine(the host) feeds on nutrients in the human’s blood
whereas the human may suffer from abdominal pain , bloatin and
diarrhoea
Example 2:Ticks and lice (parasite) live on the on the skin of
mammals (hosts) and suck their blood .
The tapeworm in the small intestine
The ticks
parasitism
Competition
Meaning:Competition takes place when organisms living in the same
habitat compete to obtain common need such as shelter , water , mate
, minerals ,food or light
Intra-specific competition is the competition between organisms of the same
species , such as wolves compete for meat .
Competition become stronger when the common needs in
ecosystem are limited
Inter-specific competition is the competition
between organisms of different species , such as
crows and wolves compete for meats
PKBS 4 2011
Deers compete for mate
competetion
CONTOH SOALAN PMR 2009
Biological control agent Pests controlled
Owl Rat
Dung beetle Bushfly, buffalo fly
Biological control agents for specific pests PMR03
•Biological control has many advantages as compared to using pesticides. Some of them are 1.does not pollute the environment2.does not kill other pests because natural enemies are used is cheap and safe to use
PMR 08
Soalan 3 – minta pendapat – jawab dalam sains
PMR 05 – Smoking is dangerous to human health.
PMR 06 – suggest one way in which egg could be to float
PMR 07 – apakah kegunaan ubat gigi
PMR 08 – nak tentukan ketulinan air
PMR 09 – mengapa ikan gapi diletakkan didalam longkang
PMR 2010 – mengapa ikan paus perlu kerap timbul dipermukaan air
Terengganu 2011
Producers, Consumers and Decomposers Producers are all green plants that make food
through photosynthesis. Consumers are animals that eat plants or other
animals. Decomposers are organisms that decompose
dead organisms (animals or plants) and change them into simple substances. Examples of decomposers are bacteria and fungi.
FOOD WEBS PMR 03, 04, 07
A food web consists of several food chains that are interlinked.
The organisms in a food web interact with each other.
FOOD WEBS PMR 03, 04, 07
Food Chains PMR 06, PMR 2010
A pyramid of numbers shows the number of organism at each link of the food chain.
From the base of the pyramid to the top◦ the number of organisms decrease◦ the size of the organisms increase◦ more energy is lost
Pyramid of NumbersPMR 05, 06, 07, 2010
The term photosynthesis comes from two root words photo, which means “light”, and synthesis, which means putting together.
Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use light to produce food.
Green plants manufacture glucose from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight in their chlorophyll.
Oxygen is released in the process. The glucose is stored as starch in the plants.
What is photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide Water Glucos
eOxyge
n
Sun Light
chlorophyll
Water
Sunlight
oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Process Of Photosynthesis
Respiration
Respiration is the oxidation of food in the body’s cell to release energy, carbon dioxide and water.
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Pahang 2011
2. Buat inference untuk tumbuhan dalam serkup kaca P.
Kedah 12
Perlis 12
Cuba bandingkan…Kelantan 12
Perlis 12
What is the importance of
photosynthesis?
Maintaining the normal level of oxygen in the
atmosphere.
Providing food to maintain a balanced
ecosystem.
Help plants to produce yield.
Importance of Photosynthesis
Experiment to test presence of starch during photosynthesis.
Experiment to test presence of starch during photosynthesis.
Melaka 2011
Terengganu 2011
Carbon Cycle
Check?
Penutup
2. Tasbih Kifarah.
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr