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The Writing Centre StFX University 1
The Writing Centre Saint Francis Xavier University
Antigonish, Nova Scotia
Integrating Sources
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The Paper All good writers know they will have
experience stages in the writing process:
planningresearchingorganizingwritingrewriting editing proofreading
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Simple (working) Thesis Statement:
Make a statement Defend / support your statement
_________________________
BECAUSE
1)___________________________
2)___________________________
3)___________________________
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Simple (working) Thesis Statement:Make a statement
Defend / support your statement
Chaucer uses the theme of social justice
BECAUSE or TO
1) show the divisions in class
2) subtly make readers aware of the injustice
3) offer solutions
Example
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Take a StandReligious tension in society creates …..
The narrator sets the tone in “The General Prologue” and, thus, focuses the reader’s attention on ............ (characteristic) of the Miller.
Wage inequity is caused by gender stereotyping and traditionally male-dominated workplaces.
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Main Idea
Main point
Main point
Main point
Sub point Sub point
Sub point
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Conclusion
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Essentials of Every Paragraph
SAY IT
SUPPORT IT
EXPLAIN IT
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Integrating quotations
MLA
Joseph Gibaldi notes that a topic sentence should clearly and accurately introduce the quotation (109). Effective quotations are “used selectively” (109) and are
“as brief as possible” (109).
APA
Gibaldi (2003) notes that a topic sentence should clearly and accurately introduce the quotation. Effective quotations are “used selectively” (p. 109) and are “as brief as possible” (109).
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GuidelinesUse your own voice for the thesis and
topic sentences. (SAY IT)
Select quotations that fit your message.
Integrate quotations smoothly. (SUPPORT IT)
Defend the significance of the quotation in your own voice. (EXPLAIN IT)
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Documenting
Support the points you have made in your paper and acknowledge the source of your ideas
Provide references for your reader
Eliminate any chances of plagiarizing
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Use the library!www.stfx.ca
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Troyka adds that “ depending too heavily on quotations gives your readers . . . the impression that you haven’t bothered to develop your own thinking and are letting other people do your talking” (168).
Quick Access
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Effective TransitionsThe narrator says, “ ……” ( ),
Boring, overused
The narrator agrees ….
argues ….
asserts ….
demonstrates …..
defends …..
disagrees …….
notes ……
states ……(Quick Access, p. 177)
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Punctuation for Introducing Quotations
Use a comma after a verb that introduces a quotation.
Smith concludes, “The solution is elusive; years of research are still required” (32).
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Punctuation for Introducing Quotations
Use NO punctuation if the introductory phrase ends with “that.”
Smith emphasizes the need for patience, noting that “. . . years of research are still required” (32).
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Punctuation for Introducing Quotations
Use a colon after a complete sentence that introduces a quotation.
Smith implies that the answer will nor come quickly: “The solution is elusive; years of research are still required” (32).
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Integrating Quotations
The tension builds when Brutus accuses Cassius of accepting bribes. He states, “Let me tell you Cassius …..” (4.3.9-11).
The tension builds when Brutus accuses Cassius of accepting bribes: “Let me tell you Cassius …..” (4.3.9-11).
Stronger, more direct
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Integrating Quotations and Paraphrases
The Duke, disguised as a friar, gets a woman named Mariana to take Isabel’s place. This is one example of how the Duke plans just as a director would do.
The Duke, disguised as a friar, gets a woman named Mariana to take Isabel’s place. Here the Duke acts like a skilled director.
Sharper, less wordy
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Integrating Quotations
Hawking is at heart a rational empiricist, “I think there is a universe out there waiting to be investigated and understood” (44)
Quotation simply dropped in
Hawking is at heart a rational empiricist: “I think there is a universe out there waiting to be investigated and understood” (44)
Quotation fits grammatically
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Integrating Quotations
Quote fragments and integrate into the text.
The narrator refers to the Squire as “ A lovere and a lusty bachelor” (Chaucer line 80).
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Smooth FitToyka suggests: “After writing a sentence that contains a quotations, read it aloud to hear whether the language flows smoothly and gracefully” (169).
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Main Idea
Main point
Main point
Main point
Sub point Sub point
Sub point
Final productIntroduction
Conclusion
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Taking (stealing) another person’s words or ideas, intentionally or unintentionally, and using them as your own.
Plagiarism
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Types of Plagiarism
Intentional
– Using other’s words or ideas as your own with incomplete or no references
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Types of Plagiarism
UnintentionalNot fully understanding the
material (patchwork)
Not fully understanding the need to cite sources (cut and paste)
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“But I didn’t realize…”
It is still plagiarism!
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How to Avoid Plagiarizing? Keep track of all your resource
material and necessary documentation.
Quote judiciously.Quote properly/ Use quotation
marks to indicate the exact words from your source.
Document accurately.
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Tutorial
http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/
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Check your Accuracy
“Her gift of love to Nicholas is literal. ”
www.google.com
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Begin the Works Cited on a new page.
Begin each entry flush on the left margin; indent subsequent lines.
Double space the entire list.
Works Cited
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Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The General Prologue. The
Canterbury Tales. The Norton Anthology
of English Literature. Gen. ed., M.H.
Abrams. 4th ed. Vol. 1 New York: Norton,
1979. 122-39. 2 vols.
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Gibaldi, Joseoph. MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers. 6th ed. New York:
MLA, 2003.
Harvey, Michael. “Effective Quoting.” The Nuts and Bolts
of College Writing. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2003.
16 Sept.2004. <http://nutsandbolts.washcoll.edu/
quoting.html>.
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Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Simon and Schuster
Quick Access Reference for Writers. 2nd
Cdn. ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2004.
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It Is Your Paper
Your name is on the cover.
Make it yours by: Planning Researching Drafting Writing Editing Proofreading
Final Product
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Rating your Paper
http://www.csupomona.edu/~uwc/non_protect/student/CSU-EPTScoringGuide.htm