Int All Ques

Cardiology

(special pathology)

What is the best recommendation for diet of patient with cardiac insufficiency:

Don’t change any food habits

Extend the level of carbohydrates

Reduce the level of potassium, extend the level of natrium

Extend the level of potassium, reduce the level of natrium

Extend the level of calcium, reduce the level of potassium

Artic stenosis happens together with all deseases, exept:

Chronic rheumatic disease

Syphilis

Myocarditis

Infective endocarditis

Atherosclerosis

Cor pulmonale isn’t a complication of:

Emphysema

Sarcoidosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Funnel breast

Atherosclerosis

What is not usual for exertional angina:

Pain appears during physical activity

Pain can be reducted with nitroglycerine

Pain can be reducted with validol

Pain appears with rise of heart rate and blood pressure

Pain continues for 15min

Pathognomonic and the most frequent skin changes during acute rheumatic fever are:

Nettle-rash

Unstable patches and papules

Annular erythema

Hemorrhages

Petechias

Acute rheumatic fever differs from allergic infectious myocarditis in such features, exept:

Connection with rhinopharyngeal streptococcic infection

Latent period from the end of previous infection till the firsr clinical presentations

Detection of polyarthritis and arthralgia as initial manifestation of illness

Symptoms of cardiopathy

Neuropathy (chorea)

What signs are not characteristic of acute rheumatic fever:

Appearing at children and youths

Chronological connection with non-streptococcic infection

Acute beginning

Articular syndrome at the beginning of illness

Cardiopathy

Carditis during acute rheumatic fever is:

Infectious disease induced with streptococcus

Slow hyperergic reaction on streptococcus antigen

Disease induced with virus

Disease induced with protozoa

Disease induced with fungi

Symptoms of what desease are carditis, polyarthritis, erythema:

Acute rheumatic fever

Pericarditis

Cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis

Man, 48 years old. Suffers from stenocardia attack appeared during light physical activity, sometimes during rest. Latest days attacks became frequent, medical treat has no effect. On EKG signs of hypertrophy of left ventricle. Results of what method are the most important for further treatment:

Scintigraphy of myocardium

Echocardiography

Holter’s monitoring

Velorgomethry

Coronarography

The main clinical symptom of acute rheumatic fever is:

Weakness

Osteoporosis

Arthropathy of hands and feet

Low efficiency

Carditis

Name symptoms of rheumatic endocarditis:

Shivering

Polyserositis

Endothelial symptoms

Heart trouble

Paleness

Clinical symptom of diffusive myocarditis:

Systemic circulation insufficiency

Hemorrhages

Splenomegaly

Diastolic murmur

Accent of II tone over aorta

Pain at cardiac region in the presence of myocarditis often happens to be:

Shooting-pain

Pressing

Constricting pain

Pinching

What is the main diagnostic criterion of acute rheumatic fever:

Hemarthros

Low grade fever

Chorea

Nasal hemorrhages

Pain at cardiac region

What antibacterial agent is used against acute rheumatic fever:

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides

Penicillines

Rifampicin

Lincomycin

Direct symptom of mitral stenosis is:

Weakening of the first tone over the apex of heart

Intensification of the first tone over the apex of heart

Systolic murmur over the apex of heart

Systolic murmur over auscultation point of aortic valve

Accent of II tone over pulmonary artery

The complication of mitral stenosis is:

Pneumonia

Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter

Pleurisy

Thromboembolism of peripheric vessels

Hepatitis

Direct symptom of mitral insufficiency is:

Weakening of the second tone over auscultation point of aortic valve

Systolic murmur over xiphoid process

Systolic murmur over the apex of heart in conjunction with weakening of the first tone

Diastolic murmur over the Botkin’s point

Physical symptom of mitral insufficiency is:

Heart boundary displacement up and to the left

Weakening of the first heart tone

Diastolic murmur over the apex of heart

Systolic thrill

Heart boundary displacement up and to the right

Vascular symptom of aortic insufficiency is:

Systolic pressure decrease

Carotid shudder

Traube’s tone

Durosier’s murmur

Absence of arteriole pulsation

Direct symptom of aortic stenosis is:

Systolic murmur at II intercostal space to the left from sternum

Diastolic murmur over the apex of heart

Intensification of the first tone

Systolic murmur at II intercostal space to the right from sternum in conjunction with weakening of the II tone

Symptom of tricuspid insufficiency is:

Diastolic murmur

Systolic thrill

Accent of II tone over auscultation point of aortic valve

Upper border of normal blood pressure at adults is:

120/70 millimeters of mercury

The first heart tone intensifies at:

Thyrotoxicosis

Mitral stenosis

Deranged atrioventricular conduction

Aterosclerotic cardiosclerosis

Aortic stenosis

Pericardial murmur is auscultated best of all at:

The region of apical thrust

The basis of xiphoid process

The base of heart

The interscapular region

The left border of sternum

Pain at cardiac region in the presence of stenocardia is:

Knife-like pain

Pressing

Shooting-pain

Pinching

One of the most often clinical beginings of myocardial infarction is:

Asymptomatic

Anemic

Cerebral

Painful

Hemorrhagic

Postinfarction period after myocardial infarction lasts:

From 30 min. till 2 h. from the beginning of illness

From 1 till 10 days

From 10 days till 5th week

From 1 till 2 months

From 2 till 6 months from myocardial scarring

What foodstuff has to be limited at nutrition of myocardial infarction patient:

Spicery

All correct

What is the main diagnostic criterion of essential hypertension of ² stage:

Transient constriction of retina arteries

Large pulse pressure

Rise of basis blood pressure to 160/95

Myocardial hypertrophy

Abdominal vascular murmur

What is the basic pressor humoral factor of pathogenesis of early stages of essential hypertension:

Angiotensin II

Aldosterone

Vasopressin

Catecholamines

Natrium delay

The most frequent complaint of patient with diffusive myocarditis:

Arthralgia

Headache

Pain at cardiac region

Breathlessness

Low diuresis

During fibrillation atrial waves are characterized with:

Irregularity

Variety of forms

Variety of amplitudes

All features

During fibrillation atrial waves are lacking

Morgany-Adams-Stocks’es attack can be registered at:

Total transverse atrioventricular heart block

Atrial flutter

Ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia

Atrial fibrillation

All abnormalities

What clinical symptom is less characteristic for aortic stenosis:

Stenocardia

Dead syncope

Sudden death

Carotid shudder

Cardiac insufficiency

Aortic insufficiency can be an effect of:

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Bacterial endocarditis

Malignant hypertension

All causes

The most frequent reason of cardiac insufficiency at aged people (after 75) is:

CHD, cardiosclerosis

Amyloidosis

Aortic stenosis

Arterial hypertension

Calcification of mitral valve

The first symptom of mitral stenosis is usually:

Peripheral edema

Pain at abdominal cavity after liver enlargement

Palpitation as a result of arrhythmia

Breathlessness

Orthopnea

The most frequent arrhythmia at patients with mitral stenosis is:

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Atrial flutter

Atrial fibrillation

Ventricular extrasystolic arrhythmia

Supraventricular extrasystolic arrhythmia

Patient, 19 years old, complaints of breathlessness after physical activity. Has suffered for two weeks. After quinsy appeared pain in joints, temperature rised to 37,80Ñ. Provisional diagnosis:

Myocardosis

Acute myocardial infarction

Atherosclerosis

Patient, 68 years old. Has suffered from constringent pain after the slightest physical activity during 3 years. Attack usually lasts 15 min., finishes without medicines. Patient don’t use nitroglycerine because of strong headache. Had a treatment on account of CHD, transmitted myocardial infarction. Systolic murmur can be auscultated upon aorta. On EKG: cicatricial changes at back side of left ventricle. Provisional diagnosis:

Recurrent myocardial infarction

Stable exertional angina, class IV

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Instable angina

Atherosclerosis of aorta

Woman, 37 years old, complaints of palpitation, giddiness, breathlessness, ache at cardiac region. Has been ill during 3 months. At first attacks appeared 1-2 times per month, stopped after breath-holding. Latest time they become more frequent. Objective data: skin is moist, tones are clear, rhythmic. Heart rate 80/min., blood pressure - 140/90 millimeters of mercury. Abdomen is resilient, painless, frequent urination. On EKG: during attack - heart rate 160/min., QRS without changes, T is combened with P. What type of tachycardia does she have:

Group ventricular ectopic beating

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia

Ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia

Woman, 30 years old, suffers from breathlessness after the slightest physical activity, cough with phlegm and blood streaks. In anamnesis – frequent quinsies, an episode of fever with pain in joints. . Objective data: pulsation under xiphoid process, flapping I tone and diastolic murmur on the apex of heart. Heart rate 120/min., rhytm is irregular, at basis of both lungs – rales. Liver goes beyond the costal margin on 3 cm., moderately painful. Probable heart trouble:

Mitral stenosis

Mitral insufficiency

Tricuspid stenosis

Aortic insufficiency

Interventricular septum defect

Man, 59 years old, has chronic obstructive lung desease, emphysema, lung insufficiency II-III st. Complaints of recurring pain at cardiac region. Objective data: pulsation under xiphoid process, tones are impaired, rhythmic, accent of II tone over pulmonary artery. Liver goes beyond the costal margin on 5 cm., shanks and feet are hydropic. What complication has he got:

Heart trouble

Cor pulmonale

Myocarditis

Pneumosclerosis

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Patient, 28 years old, against a background of adenovirus infection has pain at cardiac region, breathlessness, palpitation. Patient is pale, acrocyanosis, heart rate 92/min., filiform, blood pressure - 90/60 millimeters of mercury. Cardiac borders increased to the left and to the right for 2 cm., tones are subdued. On EKG: complete left bundle-branch block, low voltage. What desease is the most characteristic for such symptoms:

Exudative pericarditis

Myocarditis

Man, 67 years old, complaints of headache, giddiness, image flicker. It happens periodically once in 4 years. At the same time blood pressure - 200/90 millimeters of mercury. Cardiac borders increased to the left for 1 cm., tones are impaired, rhythmic, accent of II tone over aorta, lungs and liver without features. Provisional diagnosis:

Atherosclerosis

Myocarditis

Essential hypertension

Woman, 53 years old, complaints of headache, giddiness, constricting pain at cardiac region during rest. Has suffered for 5 years. Blood pressure - 180/100 millimeters of mercury. Objective data: cardiac borders increased to the left for 1,5 cm., tones are impaired, rhythmic, accent of II tone over aorta, m=100kg,

Provisional diagnosis:

Essential hypertension

Myocardosis

Myocarditis

CHD, stenocardia

Cushing's syndrome

Man, 57 years old, complaints of breathlessness, hydropic shanks, heart outage, pain at left half of chest with irradiation to left scapula. Objective data: fine moist rales at lower parts of lungs, tones are impaired, systolic murmur over the apex of heart, heart rate 100/min., arrhythmic, blood pressure - 115/75 millimeters of mercury. Liver goes beyond the costal margin on 2 cm., painful. After X-ray imaging enlarged heart shadow was discovered, pulsation is weak. On EÑG – ventricular extrasystolic arrhythmia, low voltage. What stage of cardiac insufficiency is it:

² st.

²²À st.

²²B st.

²²² st.

Is lacking

Man, 72 years old, had three times short loss of consciousness. Objective data: heart rate 42/min., blood pressure - 140/70 millimeters of mercury. On EKG: P-P – 80/min., R-R - 40/min, rhytm is regular. What disorder of conduction does he have:

Sinoauricular block I st.

AV-block III st.

AV-block II st.

AV-block I st.

Diseases of endocrinal system

Normal basal level of glucose in blood (in pure glucose) is:

8.3-10.1 mmol/l

6.2-9.3 mmol/l

2.7-5.5 mmol/l

3.8-6.7 mmol/l

3.3-5.5 mmol/l

Maximally admitted (for healthy) level of glucose in blood 2 hours after peroral glucose loading is:

8.43 mmol/l

7.22 mmol/l

9.6 mmol/l

10.1 mmol/l

7.8 mmol/l

To reveal diabetes mellitus and its type such examinations are carried out:

Tolerance test to glucose

Glucocorticoid test

Examination with test breakfast which consists of 30gr easily digested carbohydrates with subsequent (2 hours later) determining sugar in blood

All enumerated

Urine sugar

Severe form of diabetes is characterized by all enumerated signs except:

Ketoacidosis

Labile course

Presence of vascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy)

Cataract

Necessity in insulin high doses

Injury of vision organ in diabetes mellitus includes:

Diabetic retinopathy

Blepharitis

Dystrophic cornea changes

All enumerated

First type diabetes mellitus is characterized by all enumerated signs, except:

Gradually onset of the disease

Young age

Acute form of clinical symptoms

Insulin dependence, B-cells affect

Obesity absence

For diabetic nephropathy early diagnosis all enumerated of examinations must be used, except:

General urinanalysis

Roedberg test

Zimnitskii’s test

Kidney puncture biopsy

Creatine content determination in blood

Ketoacidotic coma is clinically manifested by all enumerated signs, except:

Pallor and dryness of skin integuments

Normal temperature of body

Arterial hypotension

Arterial hypertension

Kussmaul’s breathing, acetone smell in the air breathed out

Hypoglycemic coma clinically manifested by all enumerated signs, except:

Pallor and moistures of skin integuments

Hyper tonus of muscules, convulsions

Blood pressure decreasing

Crepitation in lungs

Sudden onset

Absolute indication for insulintherapy in diabetes mellitus is all enumerated, except:

Ketoacidosis, precomatose condition

pregnancy, labor

Severe dystrophic skin injury (trophic ulcer, necrobiosis)

Nephrosclerotic stage of diabetic glomerulosclerosis

Ischemic heart disease exacerbation

All enumerated alimentary factors contribute to obesity development, except:

Frequent high-caloric meals in small doses

Surplus use of vegetable food

Surplus use of carbohydrates

Surplus use of fats

Overeating

From enumerated symptoms the following ones are characteristic for diffuse toxic goiter:

Loosing weight

Constant palpitation

Generally perhidrosis

Trembling of extremities, muscle weakness

All enumerated

In diffuse toxic goiter therapy all enumerated preparation can be used, except:

Lithium carbonate

Veroshpiron

Merkazolil

Glucocorticoids

B-adrenoblockers

For hypothyroidoses all enumerated is characteristic, except:

Dryness of skin

Inclination to constipation

Sleepiness

Bradicardia

Loss of body mass

Sugar lowering effect of sulfanilurea preparation is associated with:

Increasing secretion of endogenous insulin

Insulin effect potentiating

Insulin antagonist effect neutralizing

Improvement of glucose utilization

All enumerated

Stable tachycardia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus may be caused by all enumerated, except:

Combination with toxic goiter

Hypochromic anemia

Autonomic cardiac neuropathy

Hyperinsulin anemia

Name an important factor of insulin secretion regulation:

Lipids level in blood

Lactate level in blood

Pyruvate level in blood

Glycerin level in blood

Glucose level in blood

Indication of insulin independent diabetes mellitus is:

Acute disease onset

Diabetes frequency in relatives

Age older than 40 years at the onset of the disease

Insulinpenia

Severe course, inclination to ketoacidosis

The main symptom of diabetes is:

Bradicardia

Exophtalmos

Polyuria

Pollakiuria

Loosing weight

Which patients develop hypersmolar coma most frequently?

Suffering from insulin dependent diabetes

Suffering from insulin independent diabetes

Suffering from diseases of pancreas (tumor)

Suffering from congenital genetic syndromes

Suffering from pheohromocytoma

The cause of hyperglycemic coma is:

Insufficient dose of insulin

Surplus quantity of insulin injected

Absence of meal after insulin injection

Introduction of excess liquid into the organism

Overeating

Pathogeneic factor of ketoacidosis development is:

Insulin surplus

Insulin insufficiency

Insufficient of contrinsular hormones

Surplus of contrinsular hormones

Cellular dehydratation

Name the main drawback of diabetic coma treatment by injecting high doses of insulin:

Hypotonia

Hypoglycemia

Hypopotassemia

Hypertension

Hyperleukocytosis

What is Dylrimp symptom?

Rare winking

Eyeball bulging

Eyelid skin pigmentation

A site of sclera between a lower eyelid and an iris when looking up

Sclera strip between an upper eyelid and an iris when looking straight

The most dangerous thyrotoxic crisis complication is:

Anemia crisis

Hemorrhages

Acute disorder of brain circulation

Acute cardio-vascular insufficiency

Acute hepatic insufficiency

Indicator of antithyroid therapy effectiveness is:

Main metabolism determination

Content of general and free T4 and T3

Number of thyroxinbinding proteins

17-KS determination

Thyrotrophic hormone

What is the general pathogenetic link in diabetic glomerylosclerosis development?

Hyperpotassemia

Disturbance in proteins and fats synthesis

Adrenal glands and pituitary body superactivity

Autoallergy

Hypercholesteremia

Which of the given symptom occurs both in hypothyroid coma and cardiogenic shock?

Slow onset

Pale skin and mucosa

Lood pressure lowering

Skin swelling

Tendon reflexes are reduced

Which of the given symptom occurs both in thyrotoxic crisis and uremic coma?

Dilated pupils

Tachypnea, superficial one

Hypertension

Decreased skin turgor

Smell of ammonia in atmospheric air

Which of these symptoms occurs in hypoglycemic coma and hypothyroid coma?

Gradual onset

Slow soft pulse

Dilated pupils

Tendon reflexes are diminished

Occasional stomachache

What is affected in diabetic retinopathy?

Cornea

Conjunctiva

Vitreous body

Blood vessels of retina

Which organ is affected in diabetes mellitus?

Adrenal glands

Thyroid gland

Kidneys

Stomach

Intestine

Small symptom of diabetes mellitus is?

Polyarthralgias

Asphyxia

Skin and genital itch

Periodical thirst

Teeth loosening and dedentition

In what age is type II diabetes mellitus most frequent?

Since 10 till 20 years

Older than 50 years

What kind of coma is in diabetes mellitus?

Uremic

Hepatic

Anemic

Acidotic

Thyrotoxic

What is particular feature of hyperosmolar coma ?

Presense of ketoacidosis

Absence of ketoacidosis

Dehydration

frequent oliguria

frequent azotemia

What is the sign of hypoglycemic coma?

Flaccidity of muscles, absence of tendon reflexes

Rigidity of muscles, tremor of extremities, convulsions

Absence of appetite

Increased appetite

Proteinuria, cilindruria, glycosuria

How to help out a patient from diabetic coma?

To decrease a daily dose of insulin

To increase a daily dose of insulin

To eliminate fats from food ration

To increase caloric value of dialy ration at the expense of fats

To increase caloric value of dialy ration at the expense of proteins

What is the indications for treatment with biguanids?

Ketoacidosis

I type diabetes mellitus

II type diabetes mellitus in excessive body weight

Insulin-resistance

Renal insufficiency

What is Kocher's symptom?

Eyelid’s skin pigmentation

Infrequent winking

Eyeball bulging

A site of sclera between an upper eyelid and an iris while looking down

A site of sclera between a lower eyelid and an iris while looking up

What is Ellenek's symptom?

Infrequent winking

Eyeball bulging

Eyelid skin pigmentation in thyrotoxicosis

A strip of sclera between an upper eyelid and an iris while looking straight

Sensation of sand in the eyes

What is pretibial myxedema?

Eyelids edema

Face edema

Feet edema

Crus anterior surface skin lesion

Face skin lesion

Which cardiac rhythm disturbance is the most frequent in diffuse toxic goiter?

Sinus bradycardia

Extrasystole

Complete arrhythmia

Sinus tachycardia

Paroxysmal tachycardia

What is the particular feature of thyrotoxicosis in eldery people?

attack of sinus tachycardia

attack of paroxysmal tachycardia

effectiveness of foxglove medication

nonsusceptibility to foxglove medication

attack of complete arrhythmia

Which scanning of thyroid gland do You know?

scanning with gold preparations

scanning with the help of caesium

scanning with the help of strontium

scanning with the help of technetium

scanning with the help of radioactive iodine

Characteristic symptom of diabetes mellitus is:

Hyperglycemia

glycosuria

Tachycardia

Jaundice

The most frequent cause of diabetes mellitus is:

psychic and physical injury

Infection

Heredity

Obesity

Hypothermia

Which cells of pancreas produce insulin?

cells of excretory ducts

acynous cells of pancreas

alpha-cells of Langerhans’s islets

beta-cells of Langerhans’s islets

pancreas vessels and capillaries endothelium

What does hormones injection result in?

reduces glucose content in blood

raises glucose content in blood

raises arterial pressure

lowers arterial pressure

raises blood viscosity

The cause of hyperglycemic coma is?

excessive administration of insulin

insufficient caloric value of daily food ration

high doses of diuretics

dehydration as a result of diarrhea

insufficient quantity of insulin or sudden discontinuation of its administration

The sign of cetoacedotic coma is?

sudden onset

gradual onset

humid skin

withered skin

stable breathing

How to help out a patient from hypoglycemic coma?

to introduce additional insulin

to prescribe intravenously isotonic solution of natrium chloride (NaCl)

to inject intravenously 40% solution of glucose 40-50 ml

to introduce 0,5-1,0 ml 0,1% solution of adrenaline subcutaneously

to introduce intravenously50-100 mg of cocarboxylase

The trend in the teratment of hyperglycemic coma is:

glucocorticaid therapy

correction of obstructive disturbances

insuline-therapy

recovery of water deficiency

correction of electrolytic disturbances

Indications to prescribe insulin are:

increase of body weight

insulin-independent diabetes mellitus

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Ketoacidosis

significant loosing of weight

What is Grefe’s symptom?

eyeball bulging

infrequent winking

pigmentation of eyelid skin

a site of sclera between a lower eyelid and an iris when looking up in diffuse toxic goiter

a site of sclera between an upper eyelid and an iris when looking down in diffuse toxic goiter

What is Shtelvag’s symptom?

eyelid skin pigmentation

eyeball bulging

infrequent winking in diffuse toxic goiter

a strip of sclera between an upper eyelid and an iris when looking straight in diffuse toxic goiter

scintillation of the eyes

What is exophthalmos?

eyeball pain

sensation of sand in the eyes

expelling of eyeball from the eye-socket

sclera vessels injection

eyelids edema

Does diffuse toxic goiter differ from ophthalmopathy?

not always

Combine

possibly

What is the manifestation of sexual gland function disturbance in women in diffuse toxic goiter?

increased libido

reducted libido

early abortions

Menorrhagia

Oligo- or amenorrhea

What does the value of basal metabolism characterize?

protein metabolism disturbance

lipid exchange disturbance

carbohydrate metabolism disturbance

hydro-electrolytic metabolism disturbance

biological effect of thyroid hormones on tissue level

What are the main complaints of patients with thyrotoxicosis?

increased psychological excitability, groundless anxiety

sleep disturbance, deterioration of memory

all enumerated

tremor of fingers or the whole body tremor, hyperhidrosis

tachycardia, emaciation

What can be revealed on examination of patient with thyrotoxicosis?

anxious conduct, lots of unnecessary movements;

all enumerated;

incompleteness of thoughts, quick distractibility

eyelids, lips, tongue, head trembling, sometimes trembling of the whole body

subcutaneous fatty tissue thinning, exophthalmos

Which ophthalmic symptoms can be revealed in patient with thyrotoxicosis?

Mobius's symptom;

all enumerated;

Graefe's sign

Shtelvag’s sign

Kocher's sign

What changes are revealed during heart auscultation in thyrotoxic patients?

I tone above the apex of the heart at the onset of disease is intensified, but it is diminished when dystrophic changes in the myocardium occur;

systolic murmur above the heart apex

Tachycardia

intermissions of cardiac function;

all enumerated

What ECG changes can be revealed during thyrotoxicosis?

all waves amplitude increase, especially T wave;

sinus tachycardia

Extrasystole

ciliary arrhythmia

all enumerated

What kind of pulse is typical for thyrotoxicosis?

abrupt pulsus magnus;

rapid;

sometimes irregular;

all enumerated;

Deficient

What basic clinical manifestations are typical for thyrotoxical crisis?

Acute onset and lightning-fast course, coma in severe cases;

Progressive rise of body temperature, uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea;

Abrupt excitement with delirium and hallucinations

All enumerated

Tachycardia within the range of 150-200 per minute, atrial fibrillation.

What kind of laboratory-instrumental methods of pancreas diagnoses are known?

determination of basal metabolism;

determination of plasma iodine bound with protein

all enumerated

radionuclide scanning

ultrasonic examination

What are the main complaints of patients with hypothyroidism?

general weakness, increased fatigue, depressed mood

all enumerated

general edema

defective memory and mental faculties drowsiness

lowering of voice timbre, constipation

What skin changes are revealed in hypothyroidism patient?

dry skin, cool, by touch, scaling off, dense isn’t folded, there is no pit after pressing

secretion of sudoriferous and sebaceous glands is abruptly reduced

hyperkeratosis, especially in the field of palms and soles

subcutaneous fatty tissue edema

all enumerated

What neuropsychic sphere changes are observed in patients with hypothyroidism?

Acute psychologic slowing down, flaccid psychic functions, emotional poorness, apathy, indifference to surroundings;

memory impairment

Hypersomnia

mental deficiency right up to the development of dementia oligophrenia type

all enumerated

What cardiovascular system changes can be revealed in patient with hypothyroidism?

heart borders dilation

all enumerated

slow, weak pulse

Normal or slightly reduced blood pressure, in the course of time symptomatic arterial hypertension may occur

heart sounds weakening

What electrocardiogram changes can be revealed in patient with hypothyroidism?

sinus bradycardia

low voltage of all waves

disposition of ST segment below the isoline

possibly lengthening of P-Q interval

all enumerated

What are the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus?

excessive thirst (polydipsia), expressed polyuria, increased appetite (polyphagia)

all enumerated

loosing weight, increasing weakness, dry mouth

skin itch predominantly in the field of genitals, perineum

generalized angiopathy with lesions of cerebral vessels, vessels of kidneys, liver, heart, extremities, poor wound and fractures healing, polyneuritis, furunculosis, parodontosis, low resistance to infections susceptibility to development of tuberculosis

What digestive system changes can be revealed in diabetes mellitus?

all enumerated

dry mouth, diarrhea

increase of appetite right up to bulimia

hypo- and achlorhydria

in decompensated form - fatty degeneration of liver (fatty hepatosis)

Which symptoms testify to kidney lesions in diabetes mellitus?

Hypoisosthenuria

Albuminuria

arterial hypertension

Retinopathy

all enumerated

The characteristics of type I diabetes mellitus(insulin-dependent) are all enumerated with the exception of:

absolute insulin dependence may be observed

severe course, susceptibility to ketoacidosis

insulin level is abruptly reducted

genetic defect of antiviral immunity

there are expressied morphological changes B-cells of islet of Langerhans

The characteristics of type II diabetes (insulin-independent) are all enumerated with the exception of:

gradually onset, usually at the age older than 40 years, often occurs in overweight patient

stable mild course, no susceptibility to ketoacidosis

at the onset there is no expressied damage of B-cells, in this connection sulfanilamide glucose-reducing preparations are effective

insulin blood level is slightly lowered, normal, or increased at the expense of combined insulin

insulin level is abruptly reduced

Who can be diagnosed potential diabetes?

people hereditary predisposed

women, who gave birth to the child with body weight more than 4,5 kg

patients with adiposity

women, who gave birth to a dead child

all enumerated

What can provoke the development of diabetic coma in patients with diabetes mellitus?

improper treatment

acute infections and injuries

all enumerated

psycho-emotional stress

using a lot of sweet and fatty food

What clinical picture is observed in diabetic coma?

gradual onset, deep, noisy breathing (Kussmaul's respiration), odour of acetone from one's mouth

all enumerated

rapid pulse, decreasing of arterial pressure

glucose and acetone revealing in urine

xeroderma, hypotonia of eyeballs

What main principles of treatment of diabetic coma are known?

compensating for insulin deficiency

struggle against ketoacidosis

struggle against dehydration

correction of all types of metabolism disorder

all enumerated

First aid in diabetic coma consists of the following measures with the exception of:

administering of simple insulin (half of dose is injected intravenously, and the second half – subcutaneously)

intravenous drop-by-drop administering of 4% solution of sodium hydrocarbonate

warm soda clysters (300 ml 4% solution of sodium hydrocarbonate)

intravenous introduction 40% solution of glucose

in case of pernicious vomiting - gastric lavage by isotonic solution of sodium chloride or 1% solution of sodium hydrocarbonate

What clinical picture is observed in hypoglycemic coma?

sudden development, usual respiration, no odour of acetone

possible clonic and tonic convulsions

all enumerated

blood pressure is normal or elevated, pulse is not rapid

sweating is sharply expressed

In what time is blood glucose level maximally elevated after carbohydrate load?

in 10-20 minutes

in 30-60 minutes

in 90 minutes

in 120 minutes

in 180 minutes

Name the most important trend in the treatment of mild form of diabetes mellitus:

a diet

Immunosuppressants

usage of preparations in tablets decreasing the level of blood sugar

insulin therapy

Corticosteroids

Which arrhythmia is characteristic for thyroid heart?

respiratory arrhythmia

sinus bradycardia

paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

complete arrhythmia

ventricular flutter

Which respiration is observed in hypoglycemic coma?

Normal

Chane-Stock’s

Biott’s

expiratory dyspnea

Kussmaul’s

The symptoms of cardiovascular system damage in hypothyroidism are the following except:

Bradycardia

arterial hypotonia

Pericarditis

decrease of cardiac output

waves amplitude decrement on electrocardiogram

The following changes of cardiovascular system are characteristics for the thyreotoxicosis, except:

elevation of systolic arterial pressure

elevation of pulse pressure

Tachycardia

increase of minute blood volume

decrease of minute blood volume

What is characteristic for glucose tolerance disorder?

absence of clinical symptoms of diabetes

normal level of blood sugar on an empty stomach

pathological glucose tolerance test

all enumerated

insulin secretion on the background of thyrotropia hormone above norm.

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the following signs, except:

disease occurs at a young age

acute onset

decrease of body mass

stable course

necessity in insulin therapy

Insulin independent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the following signs, except:

onset of disease at an elderly age

gradual development of disease

labile course

excessive body mass

absence of susceptibility to ketoacidosis

Which coma develops violently, beginning from anxiety, fear, hallucinations, headache and locomotive excitation?

Hyperosmolar

Ketoacidotic

Hyperlactacidemic

Hypoglycemic

any of the enumerated

The following factors promote to the development of ketoacidotic coma, except:

unwarranted decrease of insulin dose

physical and psychic traumas

short-time decrease of food caloric value

Usage of alcohol beverages

concomitant infectious diseases

Rubeosis is characteristic for:

Myxedema

Obesity

diabetes mellitus

Thyreotoxicosis

Acromegalia

Complete arrhythmia is characteristic for:

diabetes mellitus

Myxedema

Obesity

Acromegalia

Thyreotoxicosis

Which disease complication is Kimmelstil-Wilson glomerulosclerosis?

Thyreotoxicosis

diabetes mellitus

Obesity

Myxedema

Acromegalia

In the 1-st degree obesity body mass exceeds the norm for:

20-30?

30-50?

50-100?

more than for 100?

In the 4 degree obesity body mass exceeds norm for:

50-100?

more than for 100?

20-30?

30-50?

For what kind of a chronic gastritis is typically: localization mainly in a body of a stomach, prevalence of atrophic changes in mucous tunic of stomach, reduced acidity of gastric juice and presence of antibodies to parietal cells?

Gastritis of type A

Gastritis of type B

For what kind of a chronic gastritis is typically: localization mainly in pyloric department of a stomach, prevalence of inflammatory changes in a mucous tunic of stomach, the increased acidity of gastric juice and presence Helicobacter pylori in mucous tunic of a stomach?

Gastritis of type A

Gastritis of type B

High figures of acidity are most typical for localization of ulcer:

In a body of a stomach

In a bulb of a duodenal gut (first part of duodenum)

Presence of a portal hypertension is most typical for:

Acute hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis

Cirrhosis of a liver

Stomach ulcer

Name a symptom that is not typical for distal colitis?

Blood in a stool

Watery diarrhea

Tenesmus

Spasmodic sigmoid gut

One of principal causes of development of an acute pancreatitis is:

Trauma of abdomen

Smoking

Cholelithiasis

Abusing sweet food

One of principal causes of development of a chronic pancreatitis is:

Trauma of abdomen

Smoking

Alcohol abuse

Sweet stuff abuse

What is typical for hemolytic jaundice?

Pain syndrome

Amplified disintegration of erythrocytes

Infringement of intestinal digestion

Portal hypertension syndrome

Liver impairment

For what localization of an ulcer late and night pains are typical?

Ulcerative esophagitis

Ulcer of small curvature of stomach

Ulcer of a bottom of stomach

Ulcer of the big curvature

Ulcer of a bulb of duodenal gut (first part of duodenum)

What symptom of stomach ulcer is basic?

Nausea

Vomitting

Diarrhea

Weight loss

Where the pain is mostly felt at pyloroduodenal ulcers?

In a zone of xiphoid process

In paraumbilical area

In right hypochondrium

In pyloroduodenal area

In left hypochondrium

What method of diagnostics of a stomach ulcer is the most informative?

The common analysis of blood

The analysis stool on the latent blood

Radiological

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Research of gastric secretion

Presence of melena is typical for:

Bleeding hemorrhoids

Ulcerative colitis

Gastric bleeding

Cracks of an anus

Cancer of sigma particle

What etiological factor is recognized in development of a chronic hepatitis as basic?

Alcohol

Illnesses of metabolism and accumulation

Chemical influences

Viral hepatitis

Medicines

What method of diagnostics of a chronic gastritis is the most reliable?

Laparoscopy

Ultrasound (US)

Biopsy a mucous membrane of a stomach

Cholangiography

X-ray a stomach

Concept “hypersplenism” contains:

Presence of an anemia

Enlargement of a spleen

Presence of an anemia, a leukocytopenia, a thrombocytopenia

Presence of a thrombocytopenia

Presence of a leukocytopenia

The portal hypertension is characterized by all listed symptoms, except one:

Varicose expansion of veins of a gullet

Varicose expansion of hypodermic veins of an abdomen

Hypertensic crisises (attack)

Ascites

What is the principal cause of bleedings from varicose veins of a gullet at patients with a portal cirrhosis of a liver?

Decrease of prothrombin

Decrease of proconvertin

The portal hypertension

Reduction of thrombocytes

Reduction of fibrinolysis

One of the following groups covers “early” symptoms of a cancer of stomach:

Causeless weakness, decrease in work capacity, apathy

Absence of appetite, disgust for food

The phenomena of gastric discomfort

Unmotivated weight loss

All mentioned above symptoms

At what disease from the listed gastric anacidity happens more often?

A chronic superficial gastritis

A chronic atrophic gastritis

A cancer of a stomach

A duodenitis

A stenosis of the pylorus

The most often a cancer of stomach is situated:

Antral department of stomach

Small curvature of stomach

Big curvature of stomach

Cardiac department of stomach

A bottom of stomach

The most often histological form of a cancer of a stomach is:

Adenocarcinoma

Scirrhous carcinoma

A solid cancer

Epidermoid cancer

Not differentiated cancer

To precancer diseases of a stomach concerns:

Ulcer of a bulb of a duodenal gut

Retrobulb ulcer of a duodenal gut

A stomach ulcer

A chronic gastritis with the raised secretion

An acute gastritis

To precancer diseases of a stomach concerns:

Ulcer of a bulb of a duodenal gut

Retrobulb ulcer of a duodenal gut

Polyposes of a stomach

A chronic gastritis with the raised secretion

An acute gastritis

Choose a symptom that doesn’t characterize a portal hypertension:

Bleeding from the expanded veins of a gullet

Varicose expansion of hypodermic veins of a stomach

Rise in temperature of a body

Ascites

What treatment from listed below isn’t recommended for patients with a hypotonia of a gall bladder:

Spasmolytics

Choleretic

Cholecystokinetic

Duodenal intubation

Complaints: on intensive colicky pains in the right hypochondrium, provoked by reception of fat, fried food; a nausea, bitterness in a mouth, etc. At the patient clinic of a dyskinesia of a gall bladder on:

To hypermotor type

To hypomotor type

Complaints: on long, constant, blunt pains or heavy feeling in the right hypochondrium; a nausea, bitterness in a mouth, etc. At the patient clinic of a dyskinesia of a gall bladder on:

To hypermotor type

To hypomotor type

What from preparations is not a stimulator of gastric secretion?

Caffeine

Histamine

Pentagastrin

Atropine sulfate

Insulin

What from the listed preparations is applied as a stimulator of gastric secretion:

Atropine sulfate

Omeprazol

Histamine

Almagel

Ranitidin

An attribute of a bleeding from a stomach ulcer is:

Strengthening of a previous pain

Vomitting by "a coffee grounds"

An irradiating (eccentric) pain in a back

Heartburn and sour smack in a mouth

A constipation

Its following forms concern to 1-st clinical stage of a cancer of a stomach:

The growth of a tumour limited to a muscular layer

The growth of a tumour limited mucous and submucous to layers

The growth of a tumour limited to a serous layer

Growth, within the limits of all wall of a stomach without metastasises

Its following forms concern to 4-th clinical stage of a cancer of a stomach:

The growth of a tumour limited mucous and submucous to layers

Growth within the limits of all wall of a stomach with metastasizes in regional nodes

Growth within the limits of all wall of a stomach without metastasizes in regional nodes

Growth of a tumour with germination in the next organs

A tumour of any sizes with the remote metastasises

Complication is typical of what disease as a pyloric stenosis:

A superficial gastritis

A cancer of a body of a stomach

A stomach ulcer

Àn atrophic gastritis

What attributes of disease are characteristic for a stenosis of the pylorus?

Black stool

Bloody vomiting

Vomitting character with the rests of the food eaten on the eve

Vomitting by " a coffee grounds "

Suddenly developed sharp epigastric pain

Duodenal ulcer are characteristic the following symptoms, except one:

A heartburn

A pain

Increase of acidity of gastric juice

Decrease of acidity of gastric juice

A constipation

Deep, methodical, sliding palpation is spent in the following sequence:

Sigmoid colon, blind, ascending, descending, a stomach, cross-section, a spleen, a liver, kidneys

Sigmoid colon, descending, blind, ascending, a stomach, cross-section, a liver, a spleen, kidneys

Sigmoid colon, descending, blind, ascending, cross-section, a stomach, a liver, a spleen, kidneys

Blind, sigmoid colon, ascending, descending, a stomach, cross-section, a liver, a spleen, kidneys

Blind, ascending, sigmoid colon, descending, a stomach, cross-section, a liver, a spleen, kidneys

Parameters testify to what condition of acidity of a stomach ðÍ - 0,9 in a body of a stomach in a basal phase of secretion?

Norm acidity

Gastric achylia

Norm acidity

Gastric achylia

Norm acidity

Gastric achylia

Obstructive (subhepatic) jaundice is characterized:

Increase of bilirubin due to indirect

Increase of bilirubin due to direct

Increase of thymol test

Increase scale of globulins

Attributes of a chronic pancreatitis are below-mentioned, except for one:

Localization of a pain in epigastric areas at the left

A diarrhea

Amplification{strengthening} of a pain after meal

A portal hypertensia

What from the listed radiological attributes of a stomach ulcer of a stomach specify functional frustration?

Presence of ulcer "niche"

Presence of deformation of a stomach

Hypersecretion

Cicatricial deformation of a bulb

Convergence plications of stomach

For a gastritis such as B all below-mentioned symptoms are characteristic except for one:

Presence Helicobacter pylori in a mucous membrane of a stomach

Localization mainly in antral department

Hyperacid condition

Prevalence of inflammatory changes

Presence of antibodies to own accessory cells

What therapy is most preferable at a gastritis of type A?

Antacid

Replaceable therapy

Spasmolytics

Anticholinergic drugs

What therapy is most preferable at a gastritis of type B?

Antihelicobacteric therapy

Cholagogic preparations

Replaceable therapy

Spasmolytics

Fermental preparations

What from gastritises, as a rule, precedes a stomach ulcer:

Polypous

Atrophic

Antral

Phlegmonous

Where the pain more often is felt at ulcers of cardial department of a stomach?

Under xiphoid process

In periumbilical areas

In epigastric areas at the left

In piloroduodenal areas

In epigastric areas on the right

What is contributing factor in development of a chronic cholecystitis?

A sensitization

A dyskinesia bile-excreting ways

Insufficiency of function of a pancreas

Hypochlorhydria

Hyperchlorhydria

What virus is the reason of a chronic hepatites?

A virus A

A virus B

Virus Å

Anyone

What complex of biochemical tests specifies on cholestasis?

Increase transaminases, sedimentary tests

Increase alkaline phosphatases, cholesterol, direct bilirubin

Decrease albumin, Ñ-jet fiber

Occurrence of rheumatoid factor

Decrease in blood of amount of erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Precancer disease of a stomach is not:

A chronic gastritis with thrombocyte on intestinal type

A chronic stomach ulcer

A duodenal ulcer

Colonoscopy with the help of flexible fiber-optic endoscop allows to make the following manipulations:

To examine all thick gut

To receive bioptic material

To execute simple surgical manipulations

To examine rectal, sigmoideum and descending guts

To execute all manipulations resulted here

Occurrence of disgust for meat food the most typical complaint of the patient:

Àtrophic gastritis

A stomach ulcer of a stomach

A duodenal ulcer

A cancer of a stomach

A gastritis with increased secretory function of a stomach

Early pains in epigastric areas at a stomach ulcer arise:

In 1,5 hours after meal

Through 30 - 40 minutes after meal

Early in the morning on an empty stomach

At night at dawn o'clock

On a hungry stomach

Palpation of ascending and descending part of colon is spent:

One right hand

One left hand

Bimanual palpation

A double hand

Slanting palpation

With what it is necessary to begin treatment of a simple sharp gastritis?

From washing a stomach

Introduction anticholinergic drugs

Purpose of antibacterial preparations

Introduction of caffeine

Introduction of glucose

The most typical features of a pain at a chronic gastritis with reduced secretory function of a stomach:

Colicky pain

A painful symptom is not characteristic

A night pain

A hungry pain

What department of a stomach is mainly struck at a gastritis of type B?

Fundus

Antral

All stomach

A body

Cardiac part

Specify the basic action of alkalis at treatment of a stomach ulcer?

Antacidic

Spasmolytic

Regenerative

Motor-evacuating

Replaceable

What attribute speaks about connection cholangitis at a chronic cholecystitis is more often?

Vomitting

Sialorrhea

A pain

Feeling burst open in epigastrium

Hectic fever

A conducting clinical symptom of a cancer of cardial department of a stomach is:

Gastric discomfort

Absence of appetite

Weight loss

Feeling of an alien body behind a brest

Dysphagy

The seasonal pain is most typical for what disease of digestive system?

Cholecystitis

Cholelithiasis

A duodenal ulcer

Colitis

Hepatitis

For what disease of digestive system the "hungry" pain is characteristic?

Cholecystitis

Cholelithiasis

A duodenal ulcer

Colitis

Hepatitis

A pain in epigastric zone, that has surrounding character with irradiation in a back, testifies to:

A gastritis

A duodenal ulcer

A pancreatitis

A cholecystitis

A stomach ulcer of a stomach

What appetite characteristic for patients with a not complicated duodenal ulcer?

Perverted

Reduced

Increased

Disgust for meat food

The eructation from a smell of rotten eggs is characteristic for:

Not complicated stomach ulcer

A cirrhosis of a liver

A chronic pancreatitis

A stenosis of pyloric department of a stomach

A chronic hepatites

Feature of vomitting at patients from a stenosis pyloric department of a stomach:

At emetic weights an impurity of bile

At emetic weights an impurity of blood

At emetic weights an impurity of slime

At emetic weights the food accepted on the eve

Heartburn is based on:

An atrophy of a mucous membrane of a stomach

Hypochlorhydria

Achlorhydria

Gastroduodenal reflex

Gastroesophageal reflux

Vomitting similar to coffee ground is characteristic for:

A stenosis of the gatekeeper

Jaundices

A gastric bleeding

Achlorhydria

Abusings coffee

What does tarry stool (melena) testify to?

An intestinal bleeding

A bleeding from sigmoid colon

A gastric bleeding

A bleeding from hemorrhoidal veins

What kind of faeces is characteristic for a gastric bleeding?

With an impurity of fresh blood

Tarry stool

With an impurity of slime

Decoloured

Normal

What kind of stool do patients with the increased acidity of gastric juice have?

Constipation

Diarrheas

Alternation of locks with diarrheas

Faeces with an impurity of not digested food

Normal

There is a frog-like abdomen in case of:

Pregnancy

Ascites

Peritonitis

Adiposity

By what percussion sound is defined during percussion of an abdomen of healthy person?

Dull sound

Deadened sound

Deadened tympany sound

Tympany

Vesiculotympanitic resonance

What percussion sound is characteristic for ascites?

Dull sound

Deadened tympany sound

Tympany

Vesiculotympanitic resonance

Low tympany

Noise of hippocratic splash can testify to:

Ascites

Adiposity

Pylorostenosis

A hypostasis to a forward belly wall

A symptom of fluctuation characteristic for:

Ascites

Adiposity

Pylorostenosis

A hypostasis of a forward belly wall

Wooden belly at palpation characteristic for:

Ascites

Pregnancy

Perforations of an ulcer

A stenosis of the gatekeeper

What attribute is the most typical for a stenosis of the gatekeeper?

Retraction of a stomach in epigastric part

A swelling of an abdomen

Asymmetry of an abdomen

Visible peristalsis in the field of a stomach

Wooden belly

From what department of large intestines deep palpation on Obraztsov-Straghesko begins?

A blind gut

A colon

An ascending department of a large gut

A sigmoid colon

A descending department of a thick gut

Where is the bottom border of a stomach situated normally?

At the level of navel

2-3 sm lower navel

2-3 sm higher navel

4-5 sm lower navel

4-5 sm higher navel

What radiological symptom the most typical for a cancer of a stomach?

Smoothness of plications in mucous membrane

The slowed down evacuation

A symptom of "niche"

Deformation of a stomach

Defect of filling

What radiological symptom the most typical for a stomach ulcer with presence of an open ulcer?

Rough plications in mucous membrane

Slowed down evacuation

Deformation of a stomach

A symptom of a ”niche“

A symptom of defect of filling

What is irrigoscopy?

Endoscopic examination of small intestines

Endoscopic examination of large intestines

Radiological examination of large intestines

Radiological examination of small intestines

Laparoscopic examination of abdominal cavity

What does positive reaction on benzidine test during the research of faeces testify to?

Presence of eggs of worms

Presence of the latent blood

Presence of bilious pigments

Presence of stercobilin

Presence of slime

For what disease Gregersen’s reaction is positive?

A mechanical jaundice

Irritated intestines

A stomach ulcer

A hepatitis

A pancreatitis

Occurrence of an jaundice is connected with increase of the content:

Bilious acids in blood

Urobilinogen

Stercobilinogen

Bilirubin in blood

The reason of ascites at patients with a cirrhosis of a liver is:

Increase of bilirubin in blood

Increase of a spleen

Increase of a liver

A portal hypertensia

Increase of arterial pressure

Where is the bottom border of a liver defined normally according to the right mediclavicular line ?

At a level of the right costal arch

2 sm higher than the right costal arch

2 sm below right costal arch

At a level of navel

1 sm higher than the right costal arch

Normal size of a liver, according to Kurlov (in centimeters)

7 õ 8 õ 9

8 õ 7 õ 9

9 õ 8 õ 7

9 õ 7 õ 8

8 õ 9 õ 10

The most typical symptom of portal hypertension is:

Constipations

Diarrheas

Ascites

Jaundice

Skin itch

What is Kurvuazje’s symptom?

Morbidity in a point of projection of sigmoid colon

Morbidity in pyloroduodenal area

Morbidity in epigastric area

Palpation of increased and painful gall-bladder

Palpation of pylorus of stomach

What symptom is typical for a chronic cholecystitis:

Schetkin-Blyumberg’s symptom

Ker’s symptom

Pasternatskiy’s symptom

Mendel’s symptom

A symptom of fluctuation

What is Orthner’s symptom?

Morbidity in a point of a projection of a gall-bladder during palpation

Morbidity during tapotement with an edge of a palm on the right costal arch

Morbidity in Shoffar’s zone

Morbidity in Dejarden’s point

What is Ker’s symptom?

Morbidity in a point of a projection of a gall-bladder, especially on a breath

Morbidity in Dejarden’s point

What is Myussi-Georgievskiy’s symptom, or a phrenicus-symptom?

Morbidity in a point of a projection of a gall-bladder, especially on a breath

Morbidity in a zone of a projection of a gall-bladder during pressing between peduncles of right sternocleidomastoid muscle

What kind of bilirubin is determined normally?

Only a direct bilirubin

Only an indirect bilirubin

75 % of direct bilirubin from total

75 % of indirect bilirubin from total

25 % of indirect bilirubin from total

What function of a liver is characterized with sedimentary tests:

Antitoxic

Participation in a carbohydrate exchange

Enzyme formative

Protein formative

What function of a liver can be defined during the research of blood prothrombin?

Protein formative

Antitoxic

Participation in a carbohydrate exchange

Enzyme formative

What does increase of activity of alkaline phosphatase testify to?

Cholestasis

Infringement of carbohydrate function of a liver

Infringement antitoxic functions of a liver

Infringement protein formative functions of a liver

Affection of parenchyma of a liver

What does increase of a level of blood transaminase testify to?

Cholestasis

Infringement of carbohydrate function of a liver

Infringement antitoxic functions of a liver

Infringement protein formative functions of a liver

Affection of parenchyma of a liver

With a help of what method is participation of a liver in a lipid exchange studied?

Sedimentary tests

Definition of a level of cholesterol

Definition of enzymes of blood

Definition of albuminous fractions

Definition of prothrombin

For what kind of jaundices increase of whole bilirubin in blood is typical?

Mechanical

Hemolytic

Parenchymatous

All kinds of jaundices

Increase of conjugated bilirubin is observed in a case of:

Hemolytic jaundices

Iron-deficiency anemia

Mechanical jaundice

Hemolytic anemia

Pernicious anemia

Increase of unconjugated bilirubin is observed in a case of:

Hemolytic jaundices

Iron-deficiency anemia

Mechanical jaundice

Pernicious anemia

What method of inspection has the greatest value in diagnostics of bilious - stone illness?

Palpation

Auscultation

Percussion

Ultrasonic research

Duodenal intubation

Scanning a liver is a research with the help of:

Radioactive isotopes

X-ray radiation

Laparoscopies

Biopsy of a liver

Pneumoperitoneum

With a help of what method it is possible to study life-time morphology of a liver?

Scannings a liver

Puncture biopsy

Laparoscopies

Cholecystography

Splenoportography

How does portion B (cystic bile) usually received during duodenal intubation?

Follows independently through a probe

After an injection of atropine

After introduction through a probe of magnesium of sulfate

After introduction through a probe of a cabbage breakfast

After an injection histamine of hydrochloride

Bile of a portion B has a color:

Yellow

Light yellow

Golden-yellow

What does presence of crystals of cholesterol in bile testify to?

Nephrolithiasis

Cholelithiasis

Broncholithiasis

Gastrolithiasis

What is the name of faeces with a plenty of fat?

Steatorrhea

Melena

Fragmentation stool

Colorless

Kreatorrhea

For what disease it is characteristic colourless faeces?

Stomach ulcer

Colitis

Enteritis

Mechanical jaundice

Gastritis

What color are faeces at patients with a mechanical jaundice?

Colorless

Dark brown

An attribute of insufficiency of a pancreas at patients with a chronic pancreatitis:

Presence of stercobilinogen in faeces

Presence of urobilinogen in faeces

Steatorrhea

Black color of faeces

Decoloured faeces

What viruses cause a chronic hepatitis?

B, C, D

A, B, C, D, Å

PULMONOLOGY (pathology)

What clinical attribute is not characteristic for spontaneous pneumothorax?

Acute started from pains in a thorax

Dyspnea.

Cynosis

Dull sound at percussion on the obstructed part{side}

The compelled position of the patient

What clinical attribute the most typical at acute development ATELECTASIS?

Not sudden dyspnea or an asthma

Pain in a thorax

Strong sudden cough

Hemoptesis

Deposition of bodies of mediastinum in the pathological side

The factors contributing to occurrence of a acute bronchitis

Overcooling and influence of dampness

Smoking

Local an infection of a nasopharynx

Abusing alcohol

Overeating

The acute obstructive bronchitis is characterized

Dyspnea

Poor and badly departing sputum

Sibilant rales on expiration

Lengthening a phase of inspiration

Occurrence of moist sonorous rales

Duration of a acute bronchitis promotes except

Infringement of bronchial passage

Irrational application of antibiotic

Decrease in resistency of an organism

Oldage patients

Absence in a diet of enough of carbohydrates

Convincing criteria of diagnostics of a acute bronchitis is

The clinical data

The data of laboratory research of blood

The data of biochemical research of blood

Research of sputem

Roentgenchanges in lungs

For an obstructive bronchitis are characteristic

Cough with sputum

Absence of complaints to a dyspnea

Presence of the complicated breath

Small quantity viscous of sputum

Normalization of ventilation of the lungs in a phase of remission

Occurrence of a dyspnea at a chronic obstructive bronchitis is caused by lesions of

Tracheas

Large bronchial tubes

Bronchial tubes of average calibre

Fine bronchial tubes

Bronchioles

When patient need for treatment of a chronic bronchitis by antibiotics

Bad weather conditions

Allocation mucous sputum

Allocation purulent sputum

Strengthening a dyspnia

Antibiotics to apply does not follow

Sputum at a chronic bronchitis it is characterized

Change rheological properties

Increase in viscosity

Decrease in elasticity

Increase cryoproteines

Increase in quantity

Diagnostics of a degree of activity of a chronic bronchitis is based on

The clinical data

Parameters of the clinical analysis of blood

Definition proteinanalesis, , the Ñ-reactive protein

Cytological research of the sputum

Angiography of the lungs

A primary emphysema (type À) characterized

Increase in volume of a thorax

Decrease respiratory abilities of the lungs

Increase of the residual lung capacity

Increase of the transparenñy lungs

A secondary emphysema whith a chronic obstructive bronchitis characterized except

Clinical attributes of the pulmonary heart

Decrease diffusive abilities of the lungs

Increase of the residual lung capacity

Hypoxemia. and hypercapnia in the rest

Pneumosclerosis on the roentgenogram

Located emphysema is not

Vicarious emphysema

Senile emphysema

Periscar emphysema

Congenital lobe emphysema

Congenital unilateral emphysema

Vicarious emphysema develops from

A chronic bronchitis

The main bronchial tube

Narrowing trachea

Atelectasis of the lung

A bronchiectasis

The often reason of bacterial pneumonias (according to domestic researchers) is

Inhalation of toxic substances

Stresses

A hyperthyroidism

A pneumoccocus

Diseases of a liver.

Often clinical symptom of a acute pneumonia are

Ecchymosis

Nonsonorous fine moist rales

A pleura friction rub

Coarse moist rales

Completely absent of voice resonance

Often extrapulmonary complication of a acute pneumonia is

A hyperthyroidism

A hyperglycemia

An infective - toxic shock

A hepatites

A meningitis

Changes, present always at bronchial asthma:

Changes hematopoietic systems

The changed reactance of bronchial tubes

Changes of function of vegetative nervous system

Changes of function endocrine systems

A sensitization of an organism respiratory allergens

Woman, 57 years old, wad delivered to cardiology department. Suffers from pressing pain behind the sternum, which irradiates to left hand. Pain appeared 8 hours ago, its strength slowly increased. Objective data: heightened feeding, cyanosis, tones are subdued. Heart rate 88/min., blood pressure - 140/80 millimeters of mercury. On EKG deep Q at I, aVL, V1-V3, segment ST is higher than isoline and joined to positive T. What is localization of myocardial infarction:

Front-partition

Ventrolateral

Lateral

Posterolateral

Posterodiaphragmatic

Man, 62 years old, complains of scorch pain behind the sternum. Has essential hypertension for 7 years. Objective data: heightened feeding. Cardiac borders increased to the left, tones are subdued. Heart rate 72/min., blood pressure - 150/90 millimeters of mercury. On EKG segment ST is depressed, wave T is negative at V2–V6. Provisional diagnosis:

Acute myocardial infarction

Prinzmetal's angina

Exertional angina

Vertebral osteochondrosis

Myocardiodystrophy

Man, 48 years old, appeared to have constringent pain at cardiac region and behind the sternum during walking on 150-200m and going upstairs on 1 floor. Pain disappears during rest. Heart rate 62/min., blood pressure - 120/70 millimeters of mercury. On EKG regular sinus rhythm. What is the class of stenocardia:

CHD, progressive angina

CHD, stable exertional angina, class III

CHD, stable exertional angina, class IV

CHD, variant angina

CHD, stable exertional angina, class II

Man, 56 years old, scientist, appeared to have constringent pain behind the sternum several times a day during walking on 500m for 10min. Reducts pain with nitroglycerine. Objective data: inreased nourishment, cardiac borders normal, tones rhythmical, heart rate 78/min., blood pressure - 130/80 millimeters of mercury. On EKG wave T is leveled at V4-V5. Provisional diagnosis:

CHD, instable angina

CHD, stable angina, class I

CHD, stable angina, class II

CHD, stable angina, class III

CHD, stable angina, class IV

Female patient, 25 years. Suffers from ache at cardiac region, palpitation, feeling of heart intermission, breathlessness. Chronic rheumatic heart disease at anamnesis. Objective data: joints unchanged, diffusive cyanosis. Heart rate 96/min., arythmic pulse, frequent extrasystoles, blood pressure - 105/70 millimeters of mercury. Heart borders dilated. I tone on cardiac apex is weak, long systolic murmur. Accent of II tone upon pulmonary artery. Extrasystolic arrhythmia. Weak vesicular respiration. At lower parts – noteless, isolated rales. What changes of echocardiogram are most likely:

Dilatation of left auricle and left ventricle cavity

Dilatation of right ventricle cavity

Dilatation of left and right auricle cavity

Dilatation of right auricle cavity

Dilatation of left auricle and right ventricle cavity

Man, 52 years old. Suffers from pain at cardiac region during physical activity, giddiness. Frequent cases of quinsy. Objective data: paleness, blood pressure - 140/80 millimeters of mercury, heart rate 60/min., rhythmic, small, slow. Apical thrust strong, localized at 5 intercostal space 1cm left from linea medioclavicularis. I tone on cardiac apex is weak, small accent of II tone upon pulmonary artery. At 2 right intercostal space auscultated harsh systolic murmur, conducting to neck vessels. Choose heart desease:

Coarctation of aorta

Atherosclerosis of aorta

Aortic stenosis

Stenosis of right ventricular outflow

Atrial septal defect

Female patient, 23 years, suffers from painful hydropic joints. Recovered from quinsy 2 weeks ago. Objective data: cardiac dullness borders normal, I tone on cardiac apex is weak, systolic murmur, heart rate 100/min., blood pressure 120/70 millimeters of mercury, ESR 30 mm/h. Cronic decompensated tonsillitis. Provisional diagnosis:

Tonsillogenic cardiomyopathy

Myocardiodystrophy

Viral myocarditis

Bacterial endocarditis

Man, 32 years old, has been being under medical observation during 2 years on account of chronic rheumatic disease. A case of quinsy was diagnosed after overchilling. Choose optimal medicine:

Prednisolone

APP inhibitors

Beta-blockers

Benzylpenicillin

Vitamin C

Man, 52 years old. Suffers from morbus hypertonicus, II degree. Smoker. Doesn’ t take medicines routinely. Objective data: blood pressure - 175/105 millimeters of mercury, heart rate 92/min., vesicular respiration. Choose optimal antihypertensive agent:

Calcium antagonists

APP inhibitors

Beta-blockers

Adelphan

Clonidine

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