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Commercial Buildings Consortium
Natural Gas Cooling Solutions
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• Reduces electricity costs• Improves productivity• Adds flexibility and
reliability to your system• Environmentally friendly
Natural gas is an efficient fuel source for cooling.
Natural Gas Cooling SolutionsNatural gas is a clean, efficient and reliable fuel for use in a variety of cooling applications.
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Table of Contents
1. Market Overview
2. Reducing Cooling Costs
3. Natural Gas Cooling Equipment
4. Combined Heat & Power
5. Natural Gas Humidity Control
6. Gas Air Conditioning Website
7. Contact Us
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Commercial Buildings Consortium
Market Overview
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Space Heating13%
Lighting24%
Refrigeration6%
Electronics6%
Cooking2%
Ventilation6%
Computers3%
Other10%
Undistributed13%
Space Cooling11%Water Heating
6%
Energy Use in Commercial Buildings
Source: U. S. Department of Energy, 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
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Office10%
Mercantile/Service6%
Education5%
Lodging9%
Public Assy7%
Food Service21%
Warehouse/Storage1%
Food Sales14%
Vacant1%
Public Order/Safety6%
Other10%
Health Care10%
Energy Consumption for Comfort Cooling by Business Activity
Source: U. S. Department of Energy, 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
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Energies Used for Comfort Cooling
Electricity98%
Natural Gas2%
Source: U. S. Department of Energy, 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
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Types of Cooling Equipment in Commercial Buildings
Equipment Type % of Floor Space
Packaged Air Conditioning Units 46
Individual Air Conditioners 19
Central Chillers 18
Residential Central Air Conditioners 17
Heat Pumps 4
District Chilled Water 4
Swamp Coolers 2
Other 2
Source: U. S. Department of Energy, 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
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Useful Life for Cooling Equipment
Equipment Type Median Life
Air Conditioners
Through-the-Wall 15
Water-Cooled Package 15
Roof-Top 15
Chillers
Reciprocating 20
Centrifugal 23
Absorption 23
Heat Pumps
Air-to-Air 15
Water-to-Water 19
Source: U. S. Department of Energy, 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
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Shipments of Cooling Equipment
Equipment Type 2004 (1000s)
Air Conditioners 5515
Heat Pumps
Air-to-Air 1886.1
Water Source 207.7
Chillers
Reciprocating 30.7
Centrifugal Screw 6.2
Absorption 4.8
Source: U. S. Department of Energy, 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
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Commercial Buildings Consortium
Reducing Cooling Costs
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Gas & Electric Demand Profile
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Commercial Buildings Consortium
Natural Gas Cooling Equipment
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Helping to Clear the Air Economically and Efficiently
• Natural Gas Absorption Cooling– Superior to conventional electric chillers
– Heat drives system
– Chillers and chiller/heaters available
– Often best choice when:• Electric demand charges are high
• Electricity use rates are high
• Summertime naturalgas prices are favorable
• Limited electric service available
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Absorption Cooling – How It Works
• “Thermal compressor” replaces electric compressor
• Generator • Pump • Absorber • Heat Exchanger
• Typically uses water (refrigerant) and non-toxic lithium bromide (absorbent) solution – eliminates CFCs
• More efficient and lower operating costs than electric vapor compression chillers
• Double-effect achieves even greater efficiency and economy
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Natural Gas Absorption Cooling
• Sizing – several to over 1000 tons• Types
– Heat recovery – e.g., CHP system– Hybrid systems– Chiller– Chiller/heater– Single or double effect systems– Direct & Indirect Fired– Air Cooled & Water Cooled– Absorption heat pumps now available
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Advantages of Absorption Cooling
• Heat and cool with the same unit• Usually lower operating costs • Safe, quiet and dependable operation• Reliable, low maintenance• Direct-fired absorber has a smaller
footprint than an electric chiller with boiler• Initial costs quickly offset by energy
savings
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BROAD USA
Direct-Fired Chiller Heater
100 - 1,100 Tons
NO CFC’s
Standard & High Efficiency Models
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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Carrier Chiller/Heater
Direct & Steam Fired
100 - 1,500 Tons
Private Labeled - Japan
International Service Program
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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Absorption 15 - 150 tons
Custom systems to 15,000 tons
Simultaneous heat and cooling, or refrigeration
Co-produce hot water,
Air or water cooled, (ammonia water)
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
Direct-Fired Chillers & Heat Pumps
4 ton units packaged to 25 tons
Ammonia water system
Low temp units available
Manufactured in USA
Air cooled systems
Single phase power
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Thermax Chiller/Heater
Direct, Hot Water & Steam Fired
10 - 1,400 Tons
Produced in India
International Sales & Service Programs
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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TRANE HORIZON Series
Direct-Fired Chiller Heater
380 - 500 Tons
Manufactured in USA
Double Effect Only
UL Listed
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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Yazaki Absorption Chillers
Direct Fired Single & Double Effect Units
3 - 120 Tons
Manufactured in Japan
Water Cooled Condensing
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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YORKSingle-Effect, Double-Effectand Direct Fired Chillers120 - 1,350 TonsManufactured in USAHeat Recovery Units AvailableSteam Units Available
Absorption Equipment Manufacturers
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An Economical Alternative to High Electric Costs
• Natural Gas Engine-Driven Cooling– Superior performance
• Natural gas engine replaces electric motor
– Significant cost-savings• Heat recovery
• Electric demand peak shaving
– Often appropriate for:• areas with high electric
demand charges
• heat recovery applications
• partial load operations
• refrigeration
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Engine-Driven Cooling – How It Works
Main Components include: • Compressor • Expansion valve • Condenser • Evaporator
Tonnage requirements dictate best choice:
• Reciprocating
• Screw
• Single centrifugal compressor
• Multiple-stage centrifugal
compressor
Engine facilitates:• more efficient part load operation
• thermal energy recovery
• reduced total operating cost
Low PressureVapor (1)
High PressureVapor (2)
High PressureLiquid (3)
Low PressureLiquid/Vapor (4)
Chilled Water
Cooling Water
ExpansionValve
Compressor
Engine
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Natural Gas Engine-Driven Cooling
• Sizing – < 25 tons to over 1000 tons+• Applications - Wide range of cooling
capacities and temperatures make engine-driven cooling an excellent choice for:– Schools – Hospitals – Apartment Buildings – Office Buildings – Nursing Homes – Hotels – Retailers – Ice Rinks
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Advantages of Engine-Driven Cooling
• Potentially lower operating costs• Variable speed for efficient part load operation• Engine heat recovery for domestic hot water
and other thermal energy needs• Capable of providing leaving chilled water
temperatures below 42oF• Initial costs quickly offset by energy savings• Environmentally friendly
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Alturdyne Energy Systems30 - 1,100 Tons (Chillers/DX)Industrial EnginesManufactured in USAHCFC (R-22), HFC (134a) and Ammonia (R-
717)Reciprocating & Screw CompressorsWater, Air or Evaporative CondensingETL/MEA Listed
Engine-Driven Equipment Manufacturers
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Engine-Driven Equipment Manufacturers
TECOCHILL Packaged Chillers50-1,000 Tons (Chillers/DX)Automotive/Industrial EnginesManufactured in USAHCFC (R-22) and HFC (R-134a)Screw & Reciprocating CompressorsWater & Air Cooled CondensingETL/MEA Listed
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Engine-Driven Equipment Manufacturers
TRANE Gas Powered
CenTraVac ® (GPC)
Chiller Package
165-3,000 Tons
Waukesha Enginator ®
Manufactured in USA
HCFC-123
Centrifugal Compressor
Options on Condensing
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YORK YB & YG Chillers400-2,100 Tons (Chillers)Industrial EnginesManufactured in USAHFC (134a)Centrifugal Compressors
Engine-Driven Equipment Manufacturers
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Why Choose Natural Gas Cooling?
• Reduces energy costs• Eliminates electric demand charges• Good for the environment• Reliable, plentiful energy source• Options to suit virtually any application• Avoid electric system upgrade charges when adding
new cooling equipment• Smaller standby generator requirements for
emergency cooling
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Commercial Buildings Consortium
Combined Heat and Power
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CHP Can Cure Energy Concerns and Provide Reliable Operation
• 100+ year history• Combined Heat & Power, also known as CHP
– Generation of electricity and thermal energy– Highly efficient– Lowers energy costs– Reduces emissions– Enhances power reliability and quality
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Central Power Production vs. CHP
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• Single system that integrates:
– Power system – e.g., engine or turbine
– Heat recovery system – usually boiler or heat recovery steam generator
• Recovered heat used to:– generate hot water or
steam for space heating, cooling or hot water
– operate absorption or engine-driven cooling or desiccant dehumidification
CHP – How It Works
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CHP – How It Works
Combustion Turbine CHP System
Combustion Turbine CHP SystemWith Turbine Inlet Air Cooling
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• Sizing – 25 kW to hundreds of megawatts• Applications –
• Facilities with:• High thermal loads
• Consistent electric and thermal energy requirements
• Round-the-clock operations
• Single-building users – reciprocating engines and microturbines as low as 25kW
• Campus institutions – aggregate energy needs in a district energy CHP system
Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
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• Power generating system options include:• Reciprocating Engines• Gas Turbines• Microturbines• Steam Turbines• Fuel Cells• Combined Cycle Plants• Heat Recovery Systems
Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
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• Improves energy efficiency and reduces energy costs
• Helps the environment• Enhances power reliability and quality• Right for many facilities
Advantages of CHP
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Commercial Buildings Consortium
Natural Gas Humidity Control
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Why Control Humidity?
• Too much or too little moisture = Uncontrolled humidity • Optimum humidity level – 45% to 55%• Uncontrolled humidity negatively impacts:
• HVAC systems• Energy costs • Building structure and systems• Furnishings, equipment and supplies• Comfort of building occupants• Health of building occupants
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Health Impact of Uncontrolled Humidity
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Wring Excess Moisture Out of Indoor Air
• Natural Gas Desiccant Dehumidification– Components of space cooling
• Temperature• Humidity
– Conventional air conditioning• Attempts to cool (temperature) and remove
moisture (humidity)• Compromise = loss of efficiency
and/or diminished cooling comfort
– Desiccant dehumidification – assumes responsibility for humidity only
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Natural Gas Desiccant Dehumidification – How It Works
1. Air to be dried
2. Dried air delivered to occupied space
3. Air flow to drive moisture off desiccant wheel
4. Hot, wet air to be exhausted
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Natural Gas Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification – How It Works
• Same principle as “dry” desiccant system
• Moisture absorbed by liquid desiccant
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Natural Gas Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification – How It Works
• Heat exchanger warmed by gas burner removes moisture from saturated solution
• Regenerated solution(i.e., moisture removed) flows backfor re-use
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Advantages of Natural Gas Desiccant Dehumidification
• Reduces growth of disease-causing microbes • Controls odors, mold and mildew • Eliminates condensation • Increases comfort of building occupants • Prevents damage to furnishings, carpeting, tiles, and other
building materials • Saves energy • Reduces operating costs • Reduces conventional cooling requirements • Improves efficiency of chillers • Ensures more precise temperature and humidity control
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Desiccant Dehumidification Equipment Manufacturers
• Bry-Air Systems - 614/965-2974– Sunbury, OH
– www.bryair.com
• Kathabar, Inc. – 732/356-6000– New Brunswick, NJ
– www.kathabar.com
• Munters Corp. - 800/843-5360– Amesbury, MA
– www.munters.com
• SGAmerica – 240/379-7330– Frederick, MD
– www.sgamerica.com
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Desiccant Dehumidification Equipment Manufacturers
• Seasons 4, Inc. - 770/489-0716– Douglasville, GA
• SEMCO Incorporated - 314/443-1481– Columbia, MO– www.semcoinc.com
• STULZ Air Technology Systems - 301/620-2033
– Frederick, MD
– www.stulz-ats.com
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Improve Comfort, Equipment Performance and the Bottom Line
• Natural Gas Humidification– Natural gas humidifiers add moisture to dry air – Natural gas burners boil water to steam and deliver
humidity via air handler or blower– Minimizes steam pressure– Eliminates boiler chemicals– Can be used in conjunction
with existing boiler
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Natural Gas Humidification – How It Works
• Humidifier generates steam
• Gas burner fires into heat exchanger
• Heat exchanger submerged in tank of water
• Water heated to steam which is distributed via air handling system or remote blower
RemoteBlowerSystem
Steam Distributor Pipe
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Natural Gas Humidification – How It Works
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Advantages of Natural Gas Humidification
• Ensures more precise temperature and humidity control • Alleviates environmental antagonism of asthma, allergy and
related respiratory illnesses• Contributes to health and comfort of building occupants • Reduces employee absenteeism due to illness and
increases employee productivity • Protects expensive equipment, furnishings and supplies• Eliminates static electricity• Reduces energy costs • Cost-effective alternative where no boiler exists.
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Gas Air Conditioning Website
• Today’s gas cooling equipment can help you control and reduce your cost for cooling while you take advantage of the many benefitsof clean, efficient natural gas.
• Manufacturers offer a variety of sizes, types and configurations of cooling equipment from comfort cooling to the coldest refrigeration temperatures.
• All major categories of gas cooling are discussed on the Energy Solution Center’s Gas-Fired Air Conditioning Equipment site at http://www.gasairconditioning.org/.
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For More Information Contact:
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Fax: Insert Fax Number
E-mail: Insert E-mail Address
Or visit our website at:
www.anygasutilityname.com