Innovation in Public Systems

Surpassing expectations Of People by

Learning from them

anil k gupta IIMA, NIF, honey bee network,

anilg@sristi.org

monitoring context changes the content

Learning from Birbal

How to shorten a line without rubbing it

Draw a longer line beside it

What was changed? The context

What got changed, the content

Context

content

“Conceptually, any innovation implies substantial improvement in the ways of doing things, producing goods or providing services. It may involve a new use of an existing resource or producing ( or delivering) existing goods or services through new methods ( or new instruments/materials)” (Gupta, 1992)

Innovations are easy

Method

Old New

Old Application New

Old Material/instruments new

Learning to unlearn

The Barriers to Learning • the cost of non-learning is borne by somebody else; • Benefits( rewards) from the learning are not sure and

sufficient; • learning requires discrediting one’s knowledge and

demystifying one’s expertise; • we believe that our learning is not enough, others must

also learn; • learning implies changing the accepted way of doing

things, disturbing the status quo and treading on toes of others ( Gupta, 1990).

Learning pedagogies

• is swantah sukhay ( for one’s own happiness) still a valid principle?

• Can we ever ensure horizontal accountability without vertical accountability?

• When cost of failure is low, shouldn’t we just try? When it is high, can we not convert it into investment?

A Lesson for learners

A change not monitored is a change not desired (g, 1984)

Honey Bee Network founded in 1987-1988

A nameless, faceless innovator comes into contact with the Network and gets an

identity.

Meghalaya

Technology is like words, institutions

are like

grammar and

culture is like

thesaurus

Three pillars of sustainability

Intellectual

capital

Ethical Capital

( internal regulations)

Social capital Trust, reciprocity and third part sanctions

External regulation

Intellectual property ( that part of ic from the

commercial applications of which,

one can exclude others for a

given period of time)

Natural

capital

( commoditization of

resources, stored,

sold, exchanged,

controlled) Source: Gupta, 2001

Building upon four capitals for sustaining innovations

CREATING open source PUBLIC STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE

Patamda, Puruliya –bankura

shodhyatra

blending

Passion,

purpose

and

Performance

Through

Platforms

Is inertia inevitable?

Multiple destinies of a cobbler

mongolia china

kabul

Kuchh bhi to nahin badla

Mapping the creative mind of India and the world at grassroots

Cultural

Educational

Technological

Institutional

folkloric

Inclusive innovations

• Dimensions of Inclusion

–Spaces

–Sectors

–Social segments

–Skills and knowledge

Innovations

• Method—processes

• Material—entropy, energy,

• Applications –externally driven user driven, community driven

Innovation Outcomes: 7Cs

• Convergence

• Collaborations

• Creativity

• Convenience, comfort, drudgery reduction,efficiency

• Cost reduction, affordability

• Coverage: reaching the unreached

• Consumption -sustainable

National Innovation Clubs:

• Search: Celebrating the decade of innovation by mapping the creativity and innovations in the hinterland

• Spread: Disseminating/Cross-pollinating innovations across spaces, social segments and sectors

• Sense or Benchmark: Identifying the roots of persistent problems and the mindsets that trigger their continued tolerance in society and solve problem, add value and develop product/service

• Celebrate: Recognising achievers in different social segments

Transcending the Frontiers of frugality

• Children

• Tech youth : techpedia.in

• Informal sector –NIF

• Professionals

• Public administrators

Service at your door step: Sheikh Jahangir, Jalgaon, Maharshtra

Fortune at the Top of Ethical and Innovation Pyramid

Scooter mounted flour mill Scooterbased washing machine

Compressed air car

Mr. Kanak Gogoi, Assam, cost per km, 60 paise

learning from common people:

Saidullah, champaran, Bihar

Blending

love, learning and loving

learning love

living

Recognizing the traditions of Excellence:

an eye for detail

Leadership is to look for excellence in every day life, all around, even on roadside, AnantNag., Jammu and Kashmir

Solutions for the poor and the rich, by the poor: but this is not Jugaad,

Non stick clay pan: Rs 60 /= Mansukh Bhai Prajapati, Surendra Nagar, Gujarat

Mansukhbhai : Mitticool Product Range

Automated Circular Kiln that Mansukhbhai made specially for the baking tawas and diyas

One of the kiln he uses today

Bicyle Refrigerator For Rural Areas.

Student/ Author : Sagar Chandrakant Gadkar, Amol Raghunath Kachare, Sanjay Shivaji Kachare, Suyog Hanmant Jadhav

Guided By : Prof. S. A. Khot

College : Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of technology, Budhgaon, Sangli

It is a 50 lit capacity, refrigerator which is powered by a rear wheel of bicycle. To achieve the required rpm of compressor we provide a larger pulley of dia 20 inch on rear wheel shaft through which pulley we run the compressor and achieved the required output.

It is a 50 lit capacity, refrigerator which is powered by a rear wheel of bicycle. To achieve the required rpm of compressor we provide a larger pulley of dia 20 inch on rear wheel shaft through which pulley we run the compressor and achieved the required output. Steady paddling of bicycle at 14 km/hr. for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 35 C, brings down the temperature in box to 8 C.

creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration

anil

Honey Bee Network www.Sristi.org/anilg anilg@sristi.org

anilgb@gmail.com www.nifindia.org

Techpedia.in

Autopoeisis at grassroots for inclusive development

creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration

Learning platforms: from concrete to abstract

• 1. Artefactual - as a replication of solution level

• 2. Analogically - metaphor to inspire

• 3. Heuristically - as a model or principle

• 4. gestalt - configurational level

• Gupta, 2012, Own complilation

Some leaves from the lives of public adm innovators

Karnataka Sakala Services Act

2011

Sakala means “in time” - Name, Logo, Slogan were proposed by Citizens.

SAKALA – No More Delays…We Deliver on Time

Time Bound Services – Phase 1 & 2 ( Existing Departments)

Time Bound Services – Phase 2 ( New Departments)

Most sought after services Department SERVICE most sought

(cumulative)

TOTAL NO. OF GSC DISPOSALS

Revenue All types of Caste & Income Certificate 7916942

Transport Learning Licence 810841

Urban Issue of Birth, Still Birth and Death Certificates

362141

Food Modification in Existing Ration Card 751322

Home Receipt and Disposal of Petitions 229014

Commercial Tax Issue of form C Declaration 1284627

Call Centre • A bridge b/w citizens & Government (8 am to 6 pm all working

days)

• Single no. for the State - 080- 4455 4455.

• Over 1,75,856 calls received so far. About 98 per cent request were serviced with in time

• So far 865 Sakala & 1750 Non Sakala complaints received .

Technology as a Tool to Interact!

• Mobile number is insisted from citizens to collect feedback and confirm receipt of Services.

• As soon as service is applied – SMS is sent to Citizen as well as official.

• SMS to the official is sent twice a day – Once in the morning for what is DUE and once in the evening of what was DONE.

Lean & Mean - The Mission Mode • The Mission is led by a Senior IAS officer as the

Mission Director– ex officio Secretary Administrative

Reforms.

• The lean team of 5 with the help of

Information Technology is geared to monitor,

analyze and run the show with a near 98%

precision!

Excelling one’s potential voluntarily

The idea was that just as the mythical character Bhagirath had brought the Ganga on the earth single handedly, could there not be similar developmental entrepreneurs found in the bureaucracy? He asked the lowest level of staff in the Agricultural and some other departments to (volunteer for becoming Bhagirath).

Such volunteers would set their own targets of achievement which should be double or more of what had been done in the past. The only reward that would follow is that Mehta would pay personal attention to every volunteer and listen and appreciate their effort. No other compensation was to follow. Apparently excellent results were obtained.

M L Mehta was then Secretary Planning and Development Commissioner in Rajasthan.

“If one man’s poison can be another person’s meat, could not one person’s pollutant become another’s raw material?”

Vittal was the Managing Director of the Gujarat Narmada Fertilizer Corporation and faced a serious problem of disposing fly ash; a waste product which was causing pollution in the neighbourhood. He heard from a friend in the Electricity Corporation, who was also facing a similar problem, that it could perhaps be tried for reclaiming eroded land. As he put it very graphically, “If one man’s poison can be another person’s meat, could not one person’s pollutant become another’s raw material?” And he proved that it could.

Three shifts to meet shortage of industrial manpower

Cowlagi faced a very serious challenge in the late 1970’s in the field of industrial training in Gujarat. The unemployment problem was increasing and so was the demand of trained manpower but the supply was not. There was a political realization that some thing had to be done rather urgently. He realized that various industrial training institutes in the state were running only one shift.

The technical trainers in these institutes were quite demoralized because of very limited opportunities for vertical growth and various other administrative irritants. He consulted the colleagues and, together with them, worked out a scheme for tripling the output with the same infrastructure by running three shifts of training at the ITIs.

Auto-emission check by vehicle owners

Raja tried an innovative experiment when he was Transport

Commissioner in Bombay. He found that in most developed countries the owners of the vehicles were responsible for keeping their vehicles in the condition that they caused minimum pollution. Auto emission check and control made the task of urban environmental management manageable.

He studied the legal system and the laws enacted by the different

countries and proposed to the political leadership that a similar aw be enacted in Maharashtra legislative assembly. Despite tremendous opposition by the automobile industry, who were expected to make some changes in their designs and petrol pumps which were supposed to provide the facility for checking (and others), the act was passed and Bombay became the first city in India to have such a law.

Road tax recovery : from every year to once in lifetime Kamal Taori, while looking after Transport and Khadi Village Industries Department, introduced several innovations which became part of national policies. In the transport department there were several issues faced such as rampant corruption; inability to discriminate between a frequent visitor and occasional visitor; small user and large user or tax payer and frequent collection of small amounts or one time collection of reasonable tax and, thus, reduce paper work without decreasing the revenue too much, etc.

Building upon the knowledge of touts who abounded in the system, local

staff and some of the users, he devised a system of paying tax for several years at a time.

A simple insight that 90% of the taxes were recovered from heavy vehicles,

whereas 90% of the work involved light vehicle owners, helped in transforming the work.

Lifetime tax paid once is such a great relief now

Learning from multiple sources, levels, and channels:

Future sources of learning, creativity and innovation would not be

restricted to formal boundaries of organisations.

Polycentric Learning from multiple sources, levels, and channels:

Creating networks:

No one organization is likely to possess sufficient information or knowledge to enable it to achieve its goals

Shaping future requires working sometimes without templates:

Integration of different streams of thought and action require incorporation, assimilation and adaptation of the strengths of each system

Shadows of sustainable spirit: trying to look for frugal, diverse, resilient and simultaneous solutions, as nature does all the time

Emerging Models of innovations

• New models of innovations:

a) Building upon what disadvantaged people are rich in: inability to live with problems unsolved –overcoming inertia

b) Empathetic innovations: samvedana se srijansheelta, kho kho model of innovation ( innovation relay )

c) Going beyond long tail, long nose of innovations to turbulent innovations

Models of innovations:

d) Inverted model of innovations: children invent, engineers fabricate, and companies commercialize

e) Pooling of distributed ideas for innovation and experimentation : uncommon from common

f) distributed mind management: www.techpedia.in, transcending the limits of frugality

g) Moving blackboards: learning from unexpected quarters

Changing the context changes the content

• Known products –known markets

• Known products-unknown markets

• Unknown products-known markets

• Unknown products-unknown markets

(gupta, 2012)

Making Breakthroughs for market

Incubator

R & D

Product Development,

Business

Development, Market

Research

Sanctuary

(Paradigmatic Shift)

Known

Known

Unknown

Unknown

Product

Mar

ket

Long tail of innovation ( only a few achieve scale, a

large number sell a few pieces or in a few communities)

Long nose of innovation: Take long time to come into market

Room for maneuver

Andhra Pradesh Meghalaya

Mizoram

Energy: Do we harvest efficiently?

Low Cost Wind mill Mehtar Hussain and Mushtaq Ahmad, Assam Over 35 units installed in salt farming regions of Gujarat to improve livelihood of poor salt farmers

Innovation by Mehtar Husain and his brother Mushtaq Ahmed from Assam to Gujarat

Several African countries have shown interest to get this technology

Just 70 Euro

Stronger, durable version, 900 euro, saves diesel worth 700 euro in one season of salt making

Solutions for the poor and the rich, by the poor: but this is not Jugaad,

Non stick clay pan: Rs 60 /= Mansukh Bhai Prajapati, Surendra Nagar, Gujarat

Mansukhbhai : Mitticool Product Range

Curiosity is thy nature, indifference is ours?????????

How can we scout innovative ideas from kids , tech students, informal sector and professional individuals?

Nisha Chaube NOIDA Bag with folding seat

Arnab from, West Bengal

Kitchen King- automatic food making machine Master Abhishek

Bhagat, class tenth, Bhagalpur, Bihar

Arnab, west bengal

Mohammed Usman Hanif Patel, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, class two

www.techpedia.in

• recently a new initiative techpedia.in, (a portal by SRISTI ( sristi.org) pooling 104,000 engineering projects by 350k students from over 500 institutions) etc., engaging with youth in the one of the youngest country

•

Shanu sharma: vardan, iitk

raghunath p Lohar

Image, Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis for

deaf and dumb to talk to normal people

Saurabh Saket and Rahul Ranjan , Bhutta College of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

Has any big company given you fridge that also gives you hot water, keeps food warm and consumes less electricity

Lpg gas based refrigerator Chintan, mayank, biren Mehsana

Hot water from fridge Dhruv Mehsana

Exhaust pipe cools drivers cabin `

Innovations and traditional

knowledge

Investment Enterprise

GOLDEN TRIANGLE OF CREATIVITY

Creativity counts Knowledge matters Innovations transform Incentives inspire ( not just individual, but also collective, not just

material, but also non-material)

the Honey Bee Network is yours ! For rewarding indigenous creativity and innovation www.techpedia.in, www.sristi.org, www.nif.org.in anilgb@gmail.com