Post on 19-Jan-2018
description
Information Conveyed by Vowels
(Ladefoged and Broadbent)
Three kinds of information conveyedLinguisticMeaning of utterance
Information Conveyed by Vowels
(Ladefoged and Broadbent)
Three kinds of information conveyedLinguisticMeaning of utterance
SociolinguisticSocial classRegion of originEthnicity
Information Conveyed by Vowels
(Ladefoged and Broadbent)
Three kinds of information conveyedLinguisticMeaning of utterance
SociolinguisticSocial classRegion of originEthnicity
IdiosyncraticGenderPersonal vocal characteristics
Information Conveyed by Vowels
(Ladefoged and Broadbent)
Most information about vowels is in formants
Two theories
Vowel identification is made by absolute values of formants (with a little wiggle room)
It's [I] because F1 is about 270 and F2 is about 2290
Two theories
Vowel identification is made by absolute values of formants (with a little wiggle room)
It's [I] because F1 is about 270 and F2 is about 2290
Vowel identification depends on relative formant frequencies for individual speaker
Two theories
Bob's [e] in red Bill's [e] in blueBob's vowels are all lower than Bill'sIf you heard Bob use Bill's [e] you'd hear [i]
Two theories
Bill's and Bob's [i, e, æ] are identified in respect to each other not to a particular formant frequency
[i]
[e]
[æ]
Two theories
“The effect that the phonetic quality of a vowel depends on the relationship between the formant frequencies for that vowel and the format frequencies of other vowels pronounced by that speaker.”It's the relationships between vowels not the absolute F1 and F2 frequencies
The experiment
Please say what this word is produced by synthesizerSix different versionsSounded like different people saying same thing
The experiment
Four test words synthesizedVowel ranged between bit, bet, bat, but
The experiment
Four test words synthesizedVowel ranged between bit, bet, bat, butPeople heard a test sentence then a test wordThey chose which word (bit, bet, bat, but) they heard
The experiment
If vowel identification depends on absolute frequencies the different versions of Please say what this word is shouldn't influence test word choice
The experiment
If vowel identification depends on absolute frequencies the different versions of Please say what this word is shouldn't influence test word choiceIf vowel identification depends on relative difference between an individual's vowels, the different version of the test sentence will influence test word choice
The experiment
Connections with formal approaches
Formal approaches require static, unchanging symbolic units to be manipulated
Connections with formal approaches
Formal approaches require static, unchanging symbolic units to be manipulatedVowels aren't static with absolute frequencies
Connections with formal approaches
Formal approaches require static, unchanging symbolic units to be manipulatedVowels aren't static with absolute frequenciesVowel identification depends on relative frequencies
Connections with formal approaches
Formal approaches require static, unchanging symbolic units to be manipulatedVowels aren't static with absolute frequenciesVowel identification depends on relative frequenciesHow would formal approach account for the results of this experiment (done in 1957)?