Infectious DiseasesBook 3, Chapter 11

Contraction,Transmission, and Stages of Disease

Infection Control in Prehospital Care

Infectious Diseases

• HIV• Hepatitis• TB• SARS• Chickenpox• Meningitis• FLU• Bird Flu

• Measles• Mumps• Rubella• RSV• Pertussis• Mono• Epiglottitis/Croup• A bunch of others

HIV• Responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome• HIV-1 and HIV-2• Transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk• Tears, amniotic fluid, urine, saliva, bronchial secretions• 0.2 – 0.44 % chance risk of getting it after blood exposure• No vaccine… no cure

Hepatitis• A, B, C, D, E, and G• Hep A- oral / fecal • Has a vaccine• Lasts 2-6 weeks

Hepatitis B• Vaccine available• 5 – 35 % incidence after exposure• 60 -80% infections are asymptomatic

Hepatitis C• No vaccine• The one we should be concerned about

Hepatitis D• Associated with Hepatitis B

Hepatits E• Oral - fecal

Hepatits G• Who cares

Tuberculosis• Myobacterium tuberculosis complex• Transmitted via respiratory droplets• Mucous membranes• Unintact skin• Fever, chills, fatigue, cough, weight loss

Pneumonia• Acute infection of the lung• Chills, fever, high-grade fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, that increases

with deep breath or cough, nasty phlegm, adventitious lung sounds

SARS• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome• Sore throat, runny nose, rigors (chills), myalgias (muscle aches), headache,

diarrhea, cough, sputum, respiratory distress/ failure• Treat like pneumonia

Chickenpox• Varicella• Herpes virus family• Characterized by a rash of fluid-filled vesicles that rupture forming small

ulcers that will scab• Adults may also develop pneumonia• Varivax vaccine

Meningitis• Inflammation of meninges• Bacterial or viral• Vaccines have helped knock out one strain• Transmitted via respiratory droplets• Post exposure: Cipro, Rocephin

Influenza• A, B, and C• Chills, fever, malaise, muscle aches, nasal discharge, cough• Vaccination Sept – Nov

Avian Flu• Mutated bird virus• H5N1• Same symptoms as the flu

Measles• Vaccine available• Morbilli virus• Maternal antibodies good for 4-5 months after birth• Inhaled droplets and direct contact transmission• Severe cold, conjuntivitis, swelling of eyes, photophobia, malaise, cough,

congestion• High fever• Koplik’s spots• Rash (especially on back and shoulders)

Mumps• Respiratory droplets and direct contact with saliva• Paramyxovirus• Swelling and stiffening of salivary gland near ear(s)• Most resolve one week without intervention

Rubella• German Measles• Sore throat, low fever, pink rash on face, trunk, extremities• Rubivirus• Devastating to a fetus

RSV• Respiratory Syncytial Virus• November - April• Cold like symptoms• High risk children: premature, heart conditions, cancer

• Virazole: antiviral agent

Pertussis• Whooping cough• Bordetella pertussis• Waning effectiveness of adolescents and adults that were vaccinated as

children

Lyme Disease• Borrelia burgdorferi (tick-borne)

• Deer and ticks• Common in wooded areas

STDs• Gonorrhea - discharge• Syphilis- lesions• Genital warts – warts• Herpes- painful lesions• Chancroid- painful ulcer

Impetigo

Lice

Scabes• Burrowing• ‘Seven year itch’• Itching and infection• Small mites

Immunizations• http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child.html

Nosocomial• Hospital-acquired• VRE – Vancomycin resistant enterococcus• MRSA – Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus