Infectious diseases
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Transcript of Infectious diseases
Infectious DiseasesBook 3, Chapter 11
Contraction,Transmission, and Stages of Disease
Infection Control in Prehospital Care
Infectious Diseases
• HIV• Hepatitis• TB• SARS• Chickenpox• Meningitis• FLU• Bird Flu
• Measles• Mumps• Rubella• RSV• Pertussis• Mono• Epiglottitis/Croup• A bunch of others
HIV• Responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome• HIV-1 and HIV-2• Transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk• Tears, amniotic fluid, urine, saliva, bronchial secretions• 0.2 – 0.44 % chance risk of getting it after blood exposure• No vaccine… no cure
Hepatitis• A, B, C, D, E, and G• Hep A- oral / fecal • Has a vaccine• Lasts 2-6 weeks
Hepatitis B• Vaccine available• 5 – 35 % incidence after exposure• 60 -80% infections are asymptomatic
Hepatitis C• No vaccine• The one we should be concerned about
Hepatitis D• Associated with Hepatitis B
Hepatits E• Oral - fecal
Hepatits G• Who cares
Tuberculosis• Myobacterium tuberculosis complex• Transmitted via respiratory droplets• Mucous membranes• Unintact skin• Fever, chills, fatigue, cough, weight loss
Pneumonia• Acute infection of the lung• Chills, fever, high-grade fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, that increases
with deep breath or cough, nasty phlegm, adventitious lung sounds
SARS• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome• Sore throat, runny nose, rigors (chills), myalgias (muscle aches), headache,
diarrhea, cough, sputum, respiratory distress/ failure• Treat like pneumonia
Chickenpox• Varicella• Herpes virus family• Characterized by a rash of fluid-filled vesicles that rupture forming small
ulcers that will scab• Adults may also develop pneumonia• Varivax vaccine
Meningitis• Inflammation of meninges• Bacterial or viral• Vaccines have helped knock out one strain• Transmitted via respiratory droplets• Post exposure: Cipro, Rocephin
Influenza• A, B, and C• Chills, fever, malaise, muscle aches, nasal discharge, cough• Vaccination Sept – Nov
Avian Flu• Mutated bird virus• H5N1• Same symptoms as the flu
Measles• Vaccine available• Morbilli virus• Maternal antibodies good for 4-5 months after birth• Inhaled droplets and direct contact transmission• Severe cold, conjuntivitis, swelling of eyes, photophobia, malaise, cough,
congestion• High fever• Koplik’s spots• Rash (especially on back and shoulders)
Mumps• Respiratory droplets and direct contact with saliva• Paramyxovirus• Swelling and stiffening of salivary gland near ear(s)• Most resolve one week without intervention
Rubella• German Measles• Sore throat, low fever, pink rash on face, trunk, extremities• Rubivirus• Devastating to a fetus
RSV• Respiratory Syncytial Virus• November - April• Cold like symptoms• High risk children: premature, heart conditions, cancer
• Virazole: antiviral agent
Pertussis• Whooping cough• Bordetella pertussis• Waning effectiveness of adolescents and adults that were vaccinated as
children
Lyme Disease• Borrelia burgdorferi (tick-borne)
• Deer and ticks• Common in wooded areas
STDs• Gonorrhea - discharge• Syphilis- lesions• Genital warts – warts• Herpes- painful lesions• Chancroid- painful ulcer
Impetigo
Lice
Scabes• Burrowing• ‘Seven year itch’• Itching and infection• Small mites
Immunizations• http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child.html
Nosocomial• Hospital-acquired• VRE – Vancomycin resistant enterococcus• MRSA – Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus