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Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
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Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing
Volume V, Issue I, June 2015.
ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing
ISSN '2278 – 893X' (Print) Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing
Indexed with ‘Google Scholars’
INDEX
Sr No Content
1 Family members of alcohol dependence: Problems and coping strategies adopted
Mrs. Meenakshi P. Gijare. Manager-Nursing Care, Cloudnine Hospital, Pune
2 Planned Teaching Programme: It's effect on knowledge
Ms. Kalpana Joshi. Tutor. Tutor. DES Smt. Shubhadra K. Jindal CON, Pune
3 Pressure Ulcers: Level Of Understanding in Nursing perspective.
Nirmal Kumar Meena , Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur.
4 Occupational Stress among Staff Nurses
Lecturer, ITM Group of Institutions, Navi Mumbai.
5 Planned Health Teaching programme : its effect on knowledge about Swine Flu Poonam
Yadav, Shriram Tanksale, Jyoti Yangfo IVTh
B.SC Nursing
Mrs. Sheetal Barde, Asst.Prof , Symbiosis College of Nursing. Pune
6 Caring epileptic patients: care takers knowledge and attitude.
Asif Khan Pathan. Nursing Tutor / Clinical Instructor, CON, AIIMS, Jodhpur
7 Blood pressure levels: different for stream students.
Mrs. Sadhana U Adhyapak,Associate Professor. D.Y.Patil College of Nursing,Pune
8 Perceived Barriers For Noncompliance Of Immunization
Saraswati Kamble .Vice-Principal Loknete Rajarambapu ,CON, Islampur.
9 Knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder among Health Professionals
Ms. Sheela Upendra,Ph.D scholar,D.Y.Patil College of Nursing,Pune
10 Knowledge And Self Reported Practices : Lifestyle Modification for Patients With
Ischemic Heart Disease.
Clinical Instructor,Sinhgad college of Nursing Pune
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 1
Family members of alcohol dependence: Problems and coping strategies
adopted
Mrs. Meenakshi P. Gijare.
Manager-Nursing Care, Cloudnine Hospital, Pune
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alcohol addiction is an age-old
phenomenon all over the world. It is the
disease of the entire family where the family
members suffer more than the patient.
Globally, about 90% people drink alcohol,
and about 10% of men and 3% women
develop alcohol dependence all over the
world. It is difficult to ascertain prevalence
of alcoholism because of the general
secretiveness of the habit.
In India, there is hardly any reliable
statistics available, although drinking is very
rampant in all the different socio-economic
strata. According to I.C.M.R. study among
the Delhi University students, it was found
that the prevalence rate of alcohol
consumption among boys was 35.9% and
girls at 10.6%. A similar study in Kolkata
revels the prevalence of 39% among boys and
none among girls.
Statement of the Problem:
A study to assess the physical,
emotional, financial, social, problems
perceived by & the coping strategies adopted
by the family members of the persons
suffering with alcohol dependence.
Objectives:
1. To find out the perceived physical,
emotional, social, financial problems
& problems in family relations by the
family members of the PSADs.
2. To identify the coping strategies
adopted by the family members of
PSADs.
3. To compare the problems perceived &
the coping strategies with selected
variables such as :
a. Education
b. Socio economic strata
c. Duration of drinking
d. Presence of support group.
4. To compare the problems perceived &
the coping strategies.
Methodology:
A descriptive exploratory approach was used
in the study as the study aimed at exploring
and describing the problems perceived by and
the coping strategies adopted by the family
members of the persons suffering with
alcohol dependence from hundred family
members of the PSADs visiting OPDs at two
municipal hospitals in Mumbai and few
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 2
alcoholic anonymous groups in the suburbs of
Mumbai on who fulfilled the sampling
criteria & were willing to participate in the
study between 17th
August’2002 and 14th
September’2002.
A non-probability convenience sampling was
used for selection of samples. An interview
technique was used for data collection. This
tool was utilized to assess the coping
strategies adopted by the family members of
PSADs. The tool was divided into four
different sections for the following purpose:
Section I The demographic data of the
family members of PSADs
Section II The demographic data of the
PSADs
Section III The problems perceived by the
family members of PSADs
Section IV The coping strategies adopted
by the family members of PSADs.
Findings of the study:
Demographic Data of The Respondents:
Age:- Majority of the respondents were from
the age group of 20-40 years.
Gender:- 87% of the respondents were
females & only 13% were males.
Relationship:- 68% were the spouses and
25% were parents, 5% were children and 2%
were the siblings of the PSADs.
Education:- 48% had studied upto secondary
education, 19% were graduates and 16% were
illiterate and others were either primary or
secondary educated and post-graduates.
Religion: 89% of the respondents were
Hindus. Representation of Muslims and
Christians was 4% & 5% respectively and 3%
respondents were from other religions.
Socio-economical strata: - Fifty three percent
of the respondents were from the lower socio-
economic strata. Around thirty one percent
were from the middle class and only 6%
belonged to the upper middle class and only
ten percent belonged to the rich class.
Type of family of the respondent: Majority of
the respondents i.e. Sixty seven percent
belonged to the nuclear family and only thirty
three percent belonged to the joint family.
Demographic Data of The Respondents:
Age:- Thirty eight percent of the patients
were in the age group of thirty to forty years
and twenty four percent were from the
younger age group of twenty to thirty years
and twenty eight percent from the middle age
group of forty to fifty years and only ten
percent patients were from the age group of
fifty to sixty years.
Gender:- Only two females were found as
persons suffering with alcohol dependence.
Duration Of Drinking:- Majority of the
persons had been drinking chronically, i.e.
Fifty eight percent of the persons were
alcohol addicts for more than 10 years, thirty
two percents were consuming alcohol from 5
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 3
to 10 years and only few i.e. 10 percent were
consuming alcohol for less than 5 years.
Classification of other substance used: -
Majority i.e. forty one percent of the patient
had additional addition to tobacco. Twenty
one percent of the patients were addicted to
cigarette, 5% were addicted to bidi and
additional addiction. 4% were addiction to
gutkha and similar stuff, fourteen percent had
addiction to more than one substance and
fourteen percents were addicted to only
alcohol and no other substance. Only one
respondent did not know about the addiction
of the patient.
Analysis of Physical Problems:
Only 15% of the respondents reported
of severe physical problems. Almost equal
number of respondents reported to have mild
to moderate problems, i.e. 43% had mild
problems & 42% had experienced moderate
physical problems.
Emotional Problems:
Only 3% of the respondents reported
of severe emotional problems. Majority i.e.
59% respondents reported to have moderate
emotional problems. 38% respondents
reported to have mild emotional problems.
The emotional problems ranged from mild to
moderate in majority of the cases.
Financial Problems:
Only 3% of the respondents reported
of severe financial problems. Majority i.e.
72% respondents reported to have mild
financial problems. 25% respondents reported
to have moderate financial problems.
Social Problems
Only 3% of the respondents reported
of severe social problems. Majority i.e. 59%
respondents reported to have mild social
problems. 38% respondents reported to have
moderate social problems.
Problems in Family Relations:
Only 2% of the respondents
reported of severe problems in family
relations. Majority i.e. 59% respondents
reported to have mild problems in family
relations. 39% respondents reported to have
moderate problems in family relations.
Analysis of Total Problem Scores:
Only 2% of the respondents reported
of severe total problem. Majority i.e. 55%
respondents reported to have mild problem
scores. 38% respondents reported to have
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 4
moderate total problem scores. Only 2 % of
the respondents experienced severe problems.
Fig 2: Analysis Of The Various Coping
Strategies.
Analysis of Information about alcohol:
Only 32% of the respondents had
adaptive coping in relation to seeking
information about alcoholism. Sixty eight
percent of the respondents had adapted to
mal- adaptive coping in relation to seeking
information about alcoholism.
Relations of respondent with PSAD:
Only 49% of the respondents
had adaptive coping. Forty nine percent of the
respondents had adapted to mal- adaptive
coping.
Relations of respondent with family
members:
Only 58% of the respondents had
adaptive coping. Forty two percent of the
respondents had adapted to mal- adaptive
coping.
Relations of respondent with children:
Only 41% of the respondents had
adaptive coping. 59% of the respondents had
adapted to mal- adaptive coping.
Social relations of respondent:
All 100% of the respondents showed
adaptive social coping related to similar kind
of social surrounding & also they might have
received good social support reducing the
severity of the problem leading to adaptive
coping.
Maintaining stability of mind:
Only 44% of the respondents had
adaptive coping. 56% of the respondents had
adapted to mal- adaptive coping.
Diversional activities of respondent:
Only 21% of the respondents
had adaptive coping. Majority i.e.79% of the
respondents had adapted to mal- adaptive
coping.
Belief System:
Majority i.e. 60% of the respondents
had adaptive coping. 40% of the respondents
had adapted to mal- adaptive coping.
Financial Management:
Only 37% of the respondents had
adaptive coping. Majority i.e. 63% had
maladaptive financial coping as they may be
from lower economic class finding it difficult
to manage finance with limited resources.
Analysis of Total Coping Scores:
Only 33% of the respondents reported
of mal-adaptive coping. Majority i.e. 77%
respondents reported to have good coping
scores on total coping. This is suggestive that
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 5
on an average majority of the respondents
showed adaptive coping, probably, as
majority of them must have adapted to
various patterns of behaviour due to chronic
nature of the disease. It could also be related
to the acceptance of the problems.
Effect of education on the coping strategies
adopted by the family members of PSADs
Since there was a significant difference
between the mean coping scores of secondary
educated & higher secondary educated group,
it is suggestive that higher the education, the
coping is more maladaptive.
Effect of socio-economic strata on the coping
strategies adopted by the family members of
PSADs:
Since there was a significant difference
between the mean coping scores of lower
SES & The upper class groups, it was
observed that higher the income, the more
maladaptive is the coping.
Effect of Drinking On the Coping Strategies
Adopted By the Family Members of PSADs:
The lesser the duration of disease, the
better is the coping.
Effect of type of family on the coping
Strategies adopted by the family members of
PSADs:
Among the nuclear family, the coping
was found to be better than the joint family.
The problems and the coping scores
did not show any co-relation with each other,
which is suggestive that the perception of the
problems and the adaptation to the coping is
unique to each individual and may vary based
on the kind of emotional make-up and the
support system available.
Conclusion:
From the above findings of the study
it can be concluded that the perception of
problems is very much individualistic
irrespective of the educational, financial
background & duration of drinking & the
type of family. But the coping strategies
differ based on the educational level,
financial position & duration of drinking &
the type of family.
References:
1. Beckman, L.J.(1989) Psychological
Aspects of Alcoholism in Women. In
Ray, R. & Pickens, R.W. (Ed)
Proceedings of the Indo –US Symposium
on Alcohol & Drug Abuse. (pp 330-355).
Bangalore: NIMHANS Publication.
2. Burr, Alison (1982). Families &
alcoholics, London: Constable &
Company Ltd.
G
Gro
ups
Mean N Df T Significance
I 33.8605 43
8
2.258
7
Significant
II 29.7544 57
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 6
3. Johnson, H. (2000). The role of
Alcoholism in Male Partner’s Assault on
Wives. Journal of Drug Issues. 30(4),
725-740.
4. Loukas, A.,Piejack, L..A.et al (2001).
Parental Distress as a Mediator of
Problem Behaviours in Sons of Alcohol-
Involved Families. Family Relations.
50(4), 293-301.
5. Virathan, R. (1996). Facts About
Addiction That you Never wanted to
know. Herald of Health Dec. 17,2002.
6. Parry.Charles B.H, 2000, Alcohol
problems in developing countries:
Challenges for the new millineum,
Suchtmed 2 (4) 216-220.
7. Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment, United Nations Office of
Drug and Crime Regional office of south
Asia, 2004, the extent, pattern and trends
of drug abuse in India.
8. Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment, United Nations Office of
Drug and Crime Regional office of south
of south Asia, 2004, the extent, pattern
and trends of drug abuse in India.
9. Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment, United Nations Office of
Drug and Crime Regional office of south
Asia, 2004, Drug Abuse Monitoring
System profile of treatment seekers.
10. World Health Organisation, 2004, Global
Status Report on Alcohol
11. Benegal V, Velayuudham A, Jain S, 2000,
Social Cost of Alcoholism : a Karnataka
perspective, NIMHANS Journal, 18
(1&2) 67
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©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 7
Planned Teaching Programme: It's effect on knowledge
Ms. Kalpana Joshi.
Tutor. DES, Smt. Shubhadra K. Jindal CON, Pune
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction:
One of the most common infectious world
wide disease in the 21th
century. India is the
home to the largest no. of tuberculosis cases in
the world. > 30% of the global burden of
tuberculosis is born by India. Each day in
India, more than 20,000 people in India get
infected with the tuberculosis bacillus, 5000
people develop TB, and more than a 1000 die
- that is nearly one person per minute.
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease
caused by “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis”.
The disease primarily affects lungs. Directly
Observed Therapy Short course (DOTS) is an
international protocol for handling infectious
diseases, most commonly tuberculosis. DOTS
therapy uses a battery of drugs in a prescribed
order to eradicate tuberculosis and avoid the
creation of drug-resistant strains of the
disease. Patients undergoing DOTS therapy
will be observed while they take medication
DOTS therapy is designed to be cost-effective.
Problem statement
A Pre-experimental study to assess the
effectiveness of planned teaching programme
on knowledge regarding Tuberculosis and
DOTS therapy among ANMs in selected areas
of Indore.
Objectives of the study
1. To assess the pre-test knowledge score
regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS
Therapy among ANMs.
2. To find out the association with pre-test
knowledge score regarding Tuberculosis
and DOTS therapy among ANMs and
selected demographic variables.
3. To assess the effectiveness of planned
teaching programme on knowledge
regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS
therapy among ANMs.
Research hypotheses
RH1: There is significant association with pre
test knowledge score regarding Tuberculosis
and DOTS Therapy among ANMs and
selected demographic variables at the level of
P < 0.05
RH2: There is significant difference in pretest
knowledge score and post test knowledge
score regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS
Therapy among ANMs at the level of P <
0.05
Methodology:
A Pre- experimental research approach using
one group pre-test post-test design was
adopted for the study. The population
comprised of 50 ANMs in selected
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-tuberculosis.htm
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©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 8
government areas of Indore. A purposive
sampling technique was used to select the
samples. A structured Knowledge
Questionnaire was developed for data
collection. Structured knowledge
questionnaire was divided into two sections
socio-demographic data and knowledge
questionnaire. The study intended to measure
the gain of knowledge score among ANMs
after planned teaching program through
Lesson plan and different audiovisual aids
(LCD, Flip book, DOTS kits, diet
demonstration). Here group was assessed
before and after introducing the intervention.
The investigator terminated the data
collection process by giving booklet.
Findings:
After conducting the study it was found that
the in pre-test knowledge score, most of the
subjects 30 (60%) had average score, 18(36%)
subjects had good knowledge score 2(4%)
subjects had poor knowledge score and no one
had scored excellent. There was no
relationship with pretest knowledge score
regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS therapy
among ANMs and selected demographic
variables.. Most of the subject had scored had
average 30 (60%) and 18(36%) subjects had
good knowledge score and only 2(4%)
subjects had Poor knowledge score and no one
had scored excellent. The total mean pretest
knowledge score was 14.40; Median was 14
and S.D. 3.28 on a scale of (0-28). Thus shows
that there was having some knowledge
regarding TB and DOTS therapy
In post-test knowledge score, most of subjects
26 (52%) had excellent knowledge score ie
21-28, 22 (44%) respondents had good
knowledge score, 2 (4%) of ANMs had
average knowledge score and no one had poor
knowledge score. The mean post test
knowledge score was 20.62 and median post
test knowledge score was 21 and SD was 3.37,
which is higher than mean pretest knowledge
score 14.40 and median pre-test knowledge
score 14. Effectiveness of planned teaching
programme was analyzed through SPSS
version 10.0, Wilcox Signed Ranks Test was
used and the Z value was 5.659 which was
significant at the level of P< 0.001.
Effectiveness of planned teaching programme
regarding tb and dots therapy on pre-test and
post-test knowledge score
Table: 8: Wilcoxon Sign Rank “Z” test
Knowledge
Area
Rank
N
Mean
Rank
Sum of
Rank
“Z”
value
Post-test
& Pre-test
Negati
ve
Positi
ve
Ties
Total
2
46
2
50
5.50
25.3
3
11.00
1165.0
0
5.659**
*
Asymp
Sig.
0.001
(2-tailed)
Recommendations:
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 9
A similar study can be replicated on a
large sample.
A similar study can be conducted in
different health worker group.
An exploratory study conducted in large
group and to assess the knowledge of all
health workers.
A study can be done on TB patient,
especially to find out incidence of T.B. and
related complication ie multi drug
resistance cases.
Study can be done on knowledge
regarding drug compliance among TB
patients.
A further study can be done to observe the
practice and attitude of health workers.
A comparative study can be done on two
different teaching methods of knowledge
and practice regarding TB and DOTS
therapy.
An experimental study can be under taken
with a control group.
Planned teaching in two or more sessions
would have been more effective.
Observation of sample in more activities
could have given more accurate findings.
References
Park, K. (2009). Preventive and social
Medicine. (19th
ed). Jabalpur: M/s
Banarsidas Bhanot.
Global tuberculosis control 2009.
Epidemiological, strategy functioning.
HRZES. WHO Report.
http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global
_report/2009/update/en
National Family Health Survey-3. (2005-
06). Ministry of health and family welfare.
International institute for population
sciences. Mumbai.
http://www.nfhsindia.org.
Implementing the WHO stop TB
strategy.(2008). A hand book for national
tuberculosis control programme.
www.who.int/tb/dots/en/ -
Pressure Ulcers: Level Of Understanding in Nursing perspective.
http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/update/enhttp://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/update/enhttp://www.nfhsindia.org/
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©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 10
Nirmal Kumar Meena Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction
A pressure ulcer is an area of skin
that breaks down when the client stays in one
position for too long without shifting the
weight. This often happens if he uses, a wheel
chairs or he is bedridden, even for a short
period of time (for example after surgery, an
injury). The constant pressure against the skin
reduces blood supply to that area and the
affected tissue dies. The most common place
for pressure ulcers are over bony prominence
(bone close to the skin) like the elbow, heals,
hips, ankles, shoulders, back and the occiput
of the head.
The incidence of pressure ulcers in
hospital settings has been reported by some as
3.5% and by others as 9.2%. A few client
populations are thought to be at greater risk of
developing pressure sores because of
immobility.
Pressure ulcers have also been
called bedsores, pressure sores, decubitus
ulcers and dermal ulcers. Certain clients have
a greater risk of developing pressure ulcers.
The best intervention for pressure ulcers is
prevention. However, once developed, the
nurse needs to treat the underlying cause by
providing quality nursing care and following
the physician’s or qualified practitioner’s
orders for the individually prescribed
treatment.
Research indicates that care giving
is associated with biomarkers of chronic
stress. Therefore the investigator recognized
the significance of giving a planned
structured teaching programme for G.N.M
first year students to prevent and manage
pressure ulcer patient
Statement
“A pre-experimental study to evaluate
the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on prevention and management
of pressure ulcer in terms of knowledge
among student nurses in selected institution at
jaipur”
Objectives of the study:
To assess the pretest knowledge score
regarding prevention and management
of pressure ulcers among student
nurses.
To assess the posttest knowledge
score regarding prevention and
management of pressure ulcers among
student nurses.
To determine the effectiveness of
structured teaching programme
regarding prevention and management
of pressure ulcers in terms of gain in
knowledge among student nurses.
To find the association between pre-
test knowledge scores with selected
demographic variables.
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©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 11
Research hypotheses:
H1: There will be significant difference
between pre and posttest knowledge score of
student nurses regarding pressure ulcer.
H2: There will be significant association
between the pretest knowledge of pressure
ulcers and selected demographic variables.
Research methodology
Research design:
Pre experimental method- one group pre-test,
post-test Research design
Setting of study
Vinayak Nursing School at Jaipur, Rajasthan
Population:
G.N.M first year students studying in selected
nursing institution at Jaipur, Rajasthan
Sample:
60 G.N.M first year students studying in
selected nursing institution at Jaipur.
Sampling technique:
Convenient sampling technique was
used.
Tool: A structured questionnaire was used as
a tool, it includes
Section A : It consists of Demographic
data.
Section B : It contains 30 structured
questions which were divided as
skin and skin care :-5 items
pressure ulcer :- 5 items
prevention of pressure ulcer :- 14
items
management of pressure ulcer:- 6
items
Findings:
According to the objectives of the study, the
data were represented under the following
sections:
Section I
Description of socio demographic
characteristics of sample.
Section II
Percentage distribution of overall
knowledge levels and knowledge in
specific areas related to Pressure
ulcer among student nurses in pre test
and post test.
Mean and standard deviation of pre
test and post test knowledge scores in
specific areas of Pressure ulcer.
Section III
Effectiveness of structured teaching
programme among student nurses on
pressure ulcer knowledge by
comparing the pre test and post test
assessment score.
Significance difference between pre-
test and post-test knowledge scores
Section IV
Association between the knowledge of
student nurses on pressure ulcer with
selected socio demographic variables
Results:
Distribution of knowledge scores in the pre-
test and post-test shows difference between
the knowledge scores of pre-test and post-
test. This reveals that there was increase in
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 12
knowledge level after the administration of
STP.
Description of demographic characteristics:
Figure-1: Bar diagram representing comparison of pretest
and posttest knowledge scores of G.N.M first year students.
Table 2 : Area wise mean, mean percentage, S.D, and
overall score in pretest knowledge score of first year
G.N.M students S.No
Area Maximum Score
Mean Score
Mean Percentage
S.D
1 Skin care
5 1.98 39.6 0.93
2 Pressure
ulcer
5 2.28 45.6 0.82
3 Preventio
n
14 5.91 42.21 1.78
4 Managem
ent
6 2.09 34.83 0.87
Overall 30 12.27 40.86 4.4
Table 3 :Area wise mean, mean percentage, S.D, in
post-test knowledge score of first year G.N.M students
S.No Area Maxim
um
Score
Mean
Score
Mean
Percen
tage
S.D
1 Skin care
5 4.5 90 % 0.5
9 2 Pressure ulcer
5 4.75 95% 0.4
4 3 Prevention
14 12.21 87.21
% 1.2
6 4 Management
6 5.31 88.5% 0.6
5 Overall 30 26.78 89.23 2.9
4
TABLE 4:Significance difference
between pre-test and post-test knowledge
scores
36 24
0 0 0 0 2
58
-40
10
60
poor average good very good
comparison of pretest and posttest
pretest posttest
S.No
Variables Frequency Frequency
Percentage
I
Age(in year)
17-18 9
15
19-20 34
56.67
21-22 14
23.33
23 and above 3
5
II Gender
male 42
70
female 18 30
III stream in senior
secondary
Arts
34 56.67
Commerce
3 5
Biology
19 31.67
Mathematics
4 6.67
IV Area of Living
rural 53 88.33
urban 7 11.67
V Previous Knowledge
yes 7 11.67
no 53 88.33
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©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 13
One-tailed table‘t’ value at 5%: t59 = 1.6711;
* Significant; P < 0.05
The present study findings shows that
there was no significant association
between pre-test knowledge scores with
selected demographic variables.
Summary
The analysis was carried out on the basis of
objectives and hypothesis of the study. The
effectiveness of STP was identified by using
frequency and percentage. Paired‘t’ test was
used to find out the significant difference
between the pretest and post-test knowledge
scores and the association between pretest
knowledge scores and selected variables was
calculated by using Chi square test.
A significant difference was observed
between the mean pre-test and post-test
knowledge scores of G.N.M First year
students regarding pressure ulcer (t59= 17.81
, P < 0.05).
References
1. Ross & Wilson. “Anatomy of Physiology
in Health and illness”. 9th edition, Published
by Elsevier. Pp.361-62.
2. Kozier et. al, “Fundamentals of nursing,
concepts, process and practice”, 5th edition,
published by Addison-Wesley pp. 786-787.
3. Suddarth’s & Bruniner, “Textbook of
medical surgical nursing”, 9th edition,
published by Lippincott, Philadelphia, New
York 2000, pp. 344-345.
4. Sr. Nancy, “Principles & practice of
nursing”, 2nd edition, published by N.R.
Brother Publication (1994) pp. 212-216.
5. Delmar’s, “Fundamental and advanced
nursing skills”, 1st edition, published by
Delmal Thomson Learning pp. 1183-1190.
6. M. Weiland et. al, “Pressure ulcer
prevention within 72 hrs of admission in a
rehabilitation setting”, 1997 Sep. 43 (8): 14-
8, 20,22.
7. Potter Perry. Fundamentals of Nursing. 5th
Edition. New Delhi: Mosby; 2001
S.N
o
Area Mean
effectivene
ss
S.D
effectivene
ss
t
valu
e
1 Skin care
2.52 0.34 19.8
3
2 Pressure
ulcer
2.47 0.38 25.3
9
3 Prevention
6.3 0.52 28.3
5
4 Manageme
nt
3.22 0.22 24.1
4
5 overall 14.51 1.46 17.8
1
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 14
Occupational Stress among Staff Nurses
Mr. Nithin Philip.
Lecturer, ITM Group of Institutions,Navi Mumbai.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines,
frustrations, and demands. For many people,
stress is so commonplace that it has become a
way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small
doses, it can help to perform under pressure
and motivate to do best. But when constantly
running in emergency mode, mind and body
pay the price.
Stress is a physical or emotional state of
response always present in a person as a
result of living. It is intensified in a non
specific response to an internal or external
environmental change or threat.
Need for the study
Nurses play an important role in the health
team along with other health professionals.
She strives for the prevention of disease,
promotion of health and prolonging the life of
individuals and the community. Nurse works
at patient level, doctor’s level and
administration level. In this setting, she faces
lot of physical and psychological stress. Job
stress is also called burnout which is
characterized by emotional, physical and
spiritual exhaustion. Job stress is a chronic
disease caused by conditions in the work
place that negatively affect an individual’s
performance and/or overall well-being of his
body and mind, one or more of a host of
physical and mental illnesses manifests job
stress. Some are usually required to validate
the reason and degree of work related stress.
Occupational stress is the result of interaction
between characteristics of individual workers,
resources and stress factors, which are any
physical, mental or social factors related to
the work environment. Individuals with work
stress usually experience an unpleasant
awareness of
their internal or external
environment when they are at work,
anticipating going to work, or just thinking
about work.
Statement: “A Study to Assess Occupational
Stress among Staff Nurses at the selected
hospitals in Pune city”
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess occupational stress among nurses
working selected hospitals.
2. To find the association between
occupational stress with selected
demographic variables.
Research Approach: Quantitative Approach
Research Design:Descriptive survey design
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 15
Setting of the Study
The study subjects were selected from the
selected Hospitals in Pune city
Target Population
The target population for the present study
was staff nurses working at selected Hospitals
of Pune city.
Sample
Staff nurses who are working in selected
Hospitals of Pune city who fell under the
inclusion criteria.
Sample Size
The sample for present study included 50
staff nurses
Sampling Technique
Purposive Sampling Technique
Methods: A survey approach with a
descriptive study design was used to collect
the data from 50 staff nurses, selected using
the method of purposive sampling technique.
The tool consisted of 2 parts.
Part I – demographic characteristics with 18
items. Part
Part II – consists of occupational stress
related to six dimensions comprising of 60
items.
Findings related to demographic data
Age distribution indicate that 38% of
respondents were between the age
group of 36-42 years.
Majority (92%) of the respondents
were females.
Distribution of samples studied 68%
respondents were Hindus.
Further analysis on professional
qualification 76% of respondents had
studied upto Diploma/GNM.
Majority (64%) have 2-3 members in
the family.
It is observed that higher number of
respondents 76% were from nuclear
family.
Majority (46%) had a family income
of below Rs. 10000/- per month.
Regarding professional experience,
42% of respondents had 6-15 years of
experience.
Majority (52%) of respondents had
not undergone any special training.
Further analysis on stress management
programme 88% of respondents had
not attended stress management
programme.
Regarding marital status 76% of the
respondents were married.
Majority (36%) of respondents
possess two children and 48% of the
respondents children age was 6-9
years.
It is observed that 44% of respondents
were residing in rental house and
mode of travel is mainly two wheeler
(38%) and 42% respondents consume
travel time of 30 minutes.
The history of illness shows that 10%
of respondents had hypertension and
8% with diabetes mellitus.
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 16
Findings related to occupational stress
among respondents
The overall mean percentage stress score
was 39%.
The mean stress score was found higher
64% in the aspect of safety and security.
In work load and work organization
aspect, the mean percent stress score was
45.2% as compared to interpersonal
aspect (35.2%).
The subjects scored mean percent of 26.6
in the area of preparation, skills and
knowledge and 30% in working with
patients and family aspect.
The result indicate that highest of 68%
respondents possess low stress level.
Further, 32% of the respondents possess
moderate stress level.
Findings related to association between
occupational stress with selected variables
The highest (77.8%) number of
respondents are between the age group
of 27-35 years possess moderate stress
level. The result established significant
association (X2 = 27.48*, P0.05) between stress level and sex of
the respondents.
It is observed that 38.2% of Hindu
respondents possess moderate stress
level. The result implies that non-
significant association (X2 = 2.26NS,
P>0.05) between stress level and
religion.
It is seen from the findings that higher
(100%) respondents with qualification of
degree possess low stress level. The
result implies significant association (X2
= 7.43*, P
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 17
2.35NS, P>0.05) between stress level
and marital status.
The respondents (50%) who do not have
children possess moderate stress level.
The result established significant
association (X2 = 6.21*, P0.05)
between stress level and time of travel
of respondents.
The result shows that cent percent of the
respondents who have history of illness
possess low stress level. The result
established significant association (X2 =
5.17*, P
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 18
highest mean stress (64%) score was found in
the aspect of safety and security and the
lowest of 26.6% was noticed in the aspect of
preparation, skills and knowledge. There was
significant association between stress level
with age, professional qualification, training
undergone, and number of children, family
members, family income, experience and
history of illness.
Interpretation and Conclusion:
Overall finding showed that, respondents stress
level is low (68%) and moderate (32%). The
study found several factors that contribute to
work-related stress. These findings influenced the
need for formulating an information guide sheet
to manage occupational stress among staff nurses
working at selected Hospitals.
References
1. Hegney D, Plank A, Parker V. Nursing
workloads: the results of a study of
Queensland nurses. Journal of Nursing
Management 2003; 11(5): 307-14.
2. Gail Wiscarz Stuart. Principles and
practice of psychiatric nursing. 1st ed.
Missouri: Mosby; 2005. p. 820.
3. Boey KW. Distressed and stress in
resistant nurses. Issues in Mnetal Health
Nursing 1999; 20: 33-54.
4. Rutenfranz J, Knauth P. Angersbach D.
Shift work research issues In: Johnson L,
Tepas D Colquhoun WP, Colligan M
(Eds) Advanced in sleep research,
biological rhythms, sleep and shift work,
MTP Press Lancaster, 1981; 7: 44- 61.
5. Howard H, Goldman. Review of general
psychiatry. 2nd ed. USA, Maruzan, Asia:
Longe Medical Publications; 1984. p.
667.
6. Hall DS. Work related stress of registered
nurses in a hospital setting. J Nurses Staff
Dev. 2004 Jan-Feb; 20(1): 15-6.
7. Pinikahana, Jaya. Stress, burnout and job
satisfaction in rural psychiatric nurses - a
Victorian study. Austl J Rural Health
2004 Jun; 12(3): 120-125.
8. Stacciarini JM, Troccoli BT.
Occupational stress and constructive
thinking: health and job satisfaction. J
Adv Nurs. 2004 Jun; 46(5): 480-7.
9. Murphy F. An investigation into stress
levels amongst renal nurses. EDTNA
ERCA J. 2004 Oct-Dec; 30(4): 226-9.
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 19
Planned Health Teaching programme : its effect on knowledge about Swine Flu
Poonam Yadav, Shriram Tanksale, Jyoti Yangfo IVTh
B.SC Nursing.
Mrs. Sheetal Barde Asst.Prof
Symbiosis College of Nursing.Pune
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: -Background: Alarm bells are ringing all over the world over the unprecedented outbreak of swine
flu caused by Influenza-A virus. The number of individuals running flu is increasing at an alarming rate. The
focus of this study is “To assess the effectiveness of ‘Planned Health Teaching’ programme on knowledge
about Swine Flu among adults residing in selected urban area of Pune city”Review of literature and related
studies helped investigator .Research approach was purposive Methodology- sampling techniques
&Research design: Quasi Experimental research design; Sample &Sampling techniques: 60adults &
purposive sampling technique; Tool: structured questionnaire includes demographic data and knowledge
questions. Realibility& Validity- reliability obtained by split half method and validity obtained from experts
, Data collected at adults residing in selected area of pune city. Data analysis was done by using descriptive
and inferential statistics. Result: It was found that in pre-test majority of adults i.e., 70.0 % were having
poor knowledge and 25.0% were having average knowledge and in post-test majority of adult’s i.e., 66.7%
were having good knowledge and 20 % were having very good knowledge. Conclusion-The samples had a
highly significant gain in knowledge after planned teaching programme. If it was to compare the knowledge
of adults about swine flu was found that the post test scores of the adults were higher than that of the pre-test
knowledge score.
KEY WORDS-Effectiveness, Planned health teaching programme, Knowledge, Swine flu
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction-
Swine Flu is a respiratory tract infection from
the hogs. This kind of virus can kill the
human race. This infection is a worldwide
virus outbreak. A flu deadly disease occurs
when a new influenza virus emerges for
which people have little or no immunity and
for which there is no vaccine. Those whom
their hospitals are more than 10 miles from
their community can easily infected with the
Swine Flu. The disease spreads easily person-
to-person, and can be cause with serious
illness, and can spread out across the country
and even worldwide in a very short span of
time. An influenza pandemic may be caused
by either swine (pig) or avian (bird) flu
viruses. According to the latest WHO
statistics (as of July 2010), the virus has
killed more than 18,000 people since it
appeared in April 2209, however they state
that the total mortality (including deaths
unconfirmed or unreported) from H1N1
strains is “unquestionably higher”. In 2012
research showed that as many as 579,000
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 20
people have been killed by the disease, the
majority of these deaths occurred in Africa
and Southeast Asia. Now the WHO have
estimated approximately 284,500 cases of
swine flu is found worldwide. Now we will
see the scenario of Maharashtra. The swine
flu toll in Maharashtra was 249 deaths with
2,158 people being affected. According to the
Union Health Minister the latest death toll
from swine flu in Maharashtra reaches 375
with 4,340 numbers of people affected now.
So far, Pune have reported its 20th death on
August 2014, with the affected cases is
registered more than 1000. . The focus of this
study is “To assess the effectiveness of
‘Planned Health Teaching’ programme on
knowledge about Swine Flu among adults
residing in selected urban area of Pune city”
Objectives of the study:-
1. Identify the existing pretest knowledge
related to swine flu among people.
2.To assess effectiveness of planned health
teaching regarding knowledge of swine flu
among people.
3. To find a relationship between the level of
knowledge people with selected demographic
variables.
The validity was established by experts from
different specialties i.e. from Preventive and
Social Medicine, Community Health Nursing,
Medical Surgical Nursing, Medicine
Department and Statistics. The experts were
selected based on their clinical expertise,
experience and interest in the problem being
studied.. The suggestions were discussed
with the guide and the tool was finalized.
Reliability for the tool was calculated by
using split half formula was obtained 0.96
Methdology
Research approach: Quasi experimental
approach
Research design: Quasi experimental research
design
Setting : Selected Urban area of Pune city.
Sampling and sampling techniques:Non
probability Purposive sampling method was
used .The sample were selected from the
urban area Pandav Nagar, Pune city.
Tool
The tool has been divided into three
sections
Section A: It includes the Demographic
variables. It has been developed on the
basis of the objectives of the study.
Section B: It is a self-developed
structured questionnaire consisting of 30
statements rated in terms of Multiple
choice questions.
Section C: Planned health teaching
programme.
Major findings of the study
It was found that majority of adults were from
the age group 18-23 years. Majority i.e,56.7%
were male and 40.0% were females among
them .Majority were having housing type as
slab house i.e. , 50.0% and Majority i.e.,
55.0% were having personal toilets at home
and 73.35 were having annual family income
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 21
1 lakh – 2 lakh . In medical illness 21.7%
were having hypertension and 10% were
having diabetes .Majority were having
primary health center as health facility near
6.7% were post graduate.
The Table 1: shows distribution of participant
on the basis of demographic variables.
First one is age in which majority of
population were between (41 %) 18 to 23
years. On the basis of gender 56 % are male
and 40 % are female50 % of population have
slab house and remaining have kaccha and
puccahouse. Majority of sample have
personal toilets (55%) then shared toilet is
also one of the majority (31%)Majority of
population have income between 1 Lakh to 2
Lakh rupees per annual.Mainly hypertension
(21%) and diabetes (10%) is the illness
history otherwise there is no history
(56%).Medical facility: majority of primary
health centres are available other are very
less.Education: Mainly population is educated
up to high school.
FIG 1:Pie chart represents the pre test
knowledge of the samples selected
FIG 2: Post test knowledge of the samples
selected
2%
70%
25% 3%
PRE TEST
very good poor average good
Characteristics Frequency Percent
Age 18-23 years 25 41.7
24-28 years 18 30
29-33 years 10 16.7
above 33 years 7 11.7
Gender Male 34 56.7
Female 24 40
House type Pucca 15 25
Cemented 14 23.3
Slab 30 50
Kuccha 1 1.7
Toilet
facility in house
Open defecation 2 3.3
Public toilet 6 10
Personal toilet 33 55
Shared toilet 19 31.7
Annual
family income
below 50K 3 5
50K-100K 8 13.3
1l-2l 44 73.3
above2 lakhs 5 8.3
Medical
illness
Diabetes 6 10
Hypertension 13 21.7
None of the above 40 66.7
Any other 1 1.7
health
facility
available near home
Public Health Centre 46 76.7
Government hospital 9 15
Semi government
hospital
3 5
Private clinic 2 3.3
Education Illiterate 12 20
High school 36 60
Graduate 8 13.3
Post Graduate 4 6.7
Total 60 100
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 22
Fig 3:Comparison of The Pre-Test & Post
Test
CONCLUSION
The following conclusion were drawn from
the following findings of the study .When the
samples were taken for the study the samples
had less knowledge about swine flu .The
planned health teaching programme on
knowledge about swine flu was found to be
effective in increasing their knowledge .The
samples had a highly significant gain in
knowledge after planned teaching programme
.If it was to compare the knowledge of adults
about swine flu was found that the post test
scores of the adults were higher than that of
the pre-test knowledge score.
REFERENCES
1. B.K Mhajan “methods in biostatics 7th
edition published by jaypee brothers
medical publishers (p)ltd ,new delhi-2010
page no-170-195.
2. Denis f .poilt Nursing research 9thedition
wolterkluwer health Indian pvt.ltd
Lippincott William , Nework no
200,379,351 statics.
3. Eyar : 2011 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 2 |
Page : 52-58
4. Kothari C.R Research Methodology , 2nd
edition , New Delhi, New Age
International Private Limited,2009
5. Rose Marie Nieswiadomy “foundation of
nursing research 5th
edition published by
dorlingkindesely(india)pnt.ltd,2009 page
no-57,141-180
6. Sinhagad e-journal of nursing_ ISSN :
2249 – 3913 – volume 1, issue ii, nov-dec
2011.
7. Vincent AL, Lager KM, Harland M,
Lorusso A, Zanella E, Ciacci-Zanella JR,
et al. Absence of 2009 pandemic H1N1
influenza A virus in fresh pork. PLoS
One. 2009;4:e8367. [PMC free article]
[PubMed]
0
10
20
30
40
50
POOR GOOD AVERAGE VERY GOOD
PRE TEST
POST TEST
0
20
40
60
80
PRE TEST
POST TEST
NORMAL DISEASE
LIFE THREATNING
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 23
Caring epileptic patients: care takers knowledge and attitude.
Asif Khan Pathan
Nursing Tutor / Clinical Instructor,CON,AIIMS,Jodhpur.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
Epilepsy is referred to as Apasmara in
Ayurveda, the highly systematized ancient
Indian Medical System, developed during the
period 5000 to 4500 BC. Despite the long and
hallowed history, myths and misconceptions
about epilepsy abound and are deep rooted,
resulting in considerable stigma and
discrimination leading to a wide treatment gap
in India.1
Epilepsy is a neurological condition
characterized by recurrent seizures. A seizure is
a transient disturbance of cerebral function
secondary to abnormal paroxysmal in the
brain.2
Epilepsy continues to be one of major
stigmatizing conditions in the world for all age
groups. It has a high psychosocial impact
because those suffering from the seizures are
vulnerable to be discriminated upon and
rejected and their ability to live life to the
fullest can dramatically be affected3
A review of the epidemiological studies
indicates that nearly 8-10 million people have
epilepsy in the country at any given point of
time. At a district level nearly 15000 – 30000
people are estimated to be suffering from
epilepsy.4
Objectives of the study
1. To assess the knowledge and attitude of
care takers of epileptic patients.
2. To find out the effectiveness of self
instructional module.
3. To find out correlation between the post
test knowledge and the post test attitude
score of care takers of epileptic patients.
4. To find out association between post test
knowledge score and attitude score with
selected demographic variables.
Hypothesis:
H1: There will be significant increase in post
test knowledge and attitude score, than the pre
test knowledge and attitude score of the care
takers of epileptic patient,.
Material & methods
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 24
Research approach used for this study was
survey approach. The research design used in
this study was Pre-experimental one group pre-
test post-test design. The study was conducted
at mental hospital karoli baugh, Vadodara city.
The population was the care takers of epileptic
patients. The purposive sampling technique was
used for the study. The sample consisted of 60
care takers of the epileptic patients who are
caring for epileptic patients other than health
professionals. Tool was developed by the
investigator based on his experience, review of
literature, and expert’s opinion.
Result & discussion
TAB 1:Effectiveness of self instructional
module on knowledge among care takers of
epileptic patientS N=60
Sl.
No.
Group Numbe
r
Mean Mean
difference
Standard
Deviation
Paired
‘T’ Value
1. Pretest 60 6.9166
67
8.49
1.85
3.86
2. Post
test
60 10.83 3.16
Study result showed the paired “t” value 3.86
for the knowledge score. It indicates that there
is significant increase in the knowledge level of
care takers of epileptic patients.
TAB 2: Effectiveness of self instructional
module on attitude Sl
.
No.
Gro
up
Numb
er
Mean Mean
difference
Standard
Deviatio
n
Paired
‘T’
Value
1. Pret
est
60 30.38
27.33
7.75
4.68
2. Post test
60 44.46 11.32
Study result showed the paired “t” value 4.68
for the attitude score. It indicates that there is
significant increase in the attitude level of care
takers of epileptic patients.
Correlation value (r=+0.54) shows that there is
a positive relationship between post test
knowledge score and post test attitude score
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 70%
30%
0%
25%
53.33%
21.66%
PER
CEN
TAG
E
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
Fig:13 frequency distribution of
pre test and post test knowledge
score
Pre test
Post test
20%
80%
0% 8%
35.00%
56.66%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
per
cen
tage
Level of attitude
Fig: 2 frequency distribution of
pre and post test attitude score
Pre test
Post test
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 25
TAB 3: Correlation between the post test
knowledge score and the post test attitude
score.
N
There was significant association between post
test knowledge score with the demographic
variable age and educational status.
There was no significant association between
post test attitude score with any demographic
variables.
Conclusion
Mental illness is shrouded in the gloom of
ignorance, superstition, feelings of mystery and
fear among the family members. Though there
is advancement and technological improvement
in the field of psychiatry, still there is lack of
awareness among public regarding mental
illness. Even today majority of patients are
taken to temples, wizards and faith healers and
very few of them realize that, it is a type of
illness and consider the treatment for mental
illness by psychiatrists. There is also lack of
knowledge, misconception and ignorance
regarding epilepsy among public even among
the population of mentally ill patients and their
relatives.
So it is essential to adopt some measures
to improve the knowledge and attitude among
the family members who take care of epileptic
patient. Hence, this study is aimed in evaluating
the effect of self instructional module which is
proved to be effective in various studies to
increase the knowledge and attitude of the care
takers.
References
1. M Gourie-Devi, Vijander Singh, Kiran
Bala “Knowledge, attitude and practices
among patients of epilepsy attending
tertiary hospital in Delhi, India and a
review of Indian studies
2. Gajar, Mina (2001). “Cultural-Specific
Belief and Attitude about Epilepsy”
Department of Human Development and
Applied Psychology Ontario institute for
Studies in Education of University of
Toronto
3. Hutten IHM (1994). Ensimbo, the
falling disease: “A study on the
knowledge , attitude and practices
towards epilepsy” in Kaisho, Murongo
Division in Tanzania. An Occasional
Paper No. 41.
4. Dr. G. Gururaj Dr. P. Satishchandra Dr.
M. Gourie-Devi “National Workshop on
Public Health Aspects of Epilepsy for
Senior Personnel of State Health
Departments in India” Annals of Indian
Academy of Neurology, 1999. Vol 2 43
S. no. Variables Correlation
value
Statistical
result
1. Knowledge
and attitude
r= +0.54 Positive
correlation
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 26
Blood pressure levels: different for stream students.
Mrs. Sadhana U Adhyapak
Associate Professor, Dr D. Y .Patil College of Nursing, Pune.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Background –
High blood pressure represents one of the main
public health risks problems in developed as
well as in developing countries. The behavior of
the high blood pressure in the initial phases of
life has shown a strict relationship with
hypertension in adulthood. Research studies
show that prevalence of high blood pressure in
adolescents & young adults varies in each
country & depends on many factors. But blood
pressure values have been associated with
excessive body weight, unbalanced diet,
smoking etc. In addition some studies have
identified other risk factors of high blood
pressure. Considering high blood pressure as a
multifactorial problem which affects many
different population groups, it becomes crucial
to identify risk factors associated with high
pressure levels in adolescents &young adults.
The aim of the study was to identify blood
pressure levels among different stream students.
Title-
A study to compare blood pressure levels of
different stream students.
Objectives
To identify blood pressure levels of
different stream students
To correlate blood pressure levels with
selected demographic variables
Method:
A design used for the study was a descriptive
study design. A survey was done on total 200
students. In this study 70 students selected were
from science stream, 70 from commerce stream
and 60 from arts stream. Official permission was
taken from administrators of the college. Each
sample was explained about the study and its
purpose. Written informed consent was taken
from all samples before interview. Convenient
sampling technique was used and samples were
selected keeping in mind the criteria of the
study.
Data collection:
The study was based on the assumption that
adolescents & young adults of different stream
students have different levels of blood pressure.
The investigator prepared questionnaire for
interview to assess demographic variables and
blood pressure level. The tool was constructed
according to the objectives of the study. The
questionnaire consisted of two sections.
Section I dealt with the demographic variables
like age, gender & stream of the student.
Section II included clinical profile like height,
weight, Body Mass Index & blood pressure.
Information about demographic details was
collected.
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©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 27
Weight was measured with Omron body weight
scale HN-283. Weight of each subject was
measured by allowing him/her to stand on the
weighing scale without shoes and looking
straight. Height was measured by standard
measuring tape.
Blood pressure was determined by auscultating
in right arm by standardized method using
mercury sphygmomanometer.
Results
Findings of the demographic data- This section
deals with selected variables such as age, gender
and stream of study.
Table 1
Description of sample according to personal
characteristics
N-200
Sr
No
Demographic
variable
Frequency Percentage
1 Age
16-19
20-25
100
100
50
50
2 Gender
Male
Female
111
89
55.5
44.5
3 Stream of the
study
Science
Commerce
Arts
70
70
60
35
35
30
Table no 1 shows that sample included in the
study were 50% of adolescents and 50% of
young adults. There were 55.5% of males and
44.5% were females. 35% of sample was from
science stream, 35% was from commerce stream
& 30% was from arts stream.
Findings related to Body Mass Index of
different stream students
Fig no 1 BMI level of science stream students.
The above figure shows that 31.40% science
students were overweight whereas 35.70%
students were obese.
Fig 2 BMI level of commerce stream students.
Fig 2 shows that most of the i. e. 54.28%
commerce students had normal BMI but 25.71%
of the students were overweight and 1.42% were
obese.
Fig 3 BMI level of arts stream students.
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 28
The above figure shows that 63.33% student had
normal BMI whereas 18.33% students were
overweight. 1.66% students were obese.
Findings related to blood pressure levels of
different stream students
Fig 4 Blood pressure levels of different
stream students
The above figure shows that 51.4% of science
stream students had normal blood pressure,
45.7% were in prehypertension stage, 2.8%
were in stage I hypertension & nobody was in
stage II hypertension.
It also indicates that 54.2% of commerce stream
students had normal blood pressure, 44.2% were
in prehypertension stage, 1% were in stage I
hypertension & nobody was in stage II
hypertension.
It also indicates that 50% of arts stream students
had normal blood pressure and 50% were in
prehypertension stage, nobody was in stage I
and stage II hypertension.
Findings related to correlation with
demographic variables
There was no significant association seen in
blood pressure levels with variables like age,
gender, Body Mass Index and stream of study at
P> 0.05 level.
References
Bimenva G S et al,”Blood pressure
profile among Makere University
undergraduate students”, African health
sciences, 2005, June 5(2):99-106
Lohar Prakash “Study of correlation in
Body mass index & blood pressure of
college students”, International journal
of science innovation & discoveries,
May-June 2013, 3(3), 85-92
Rao Chythra et al, “High blood pressure
prevalence and significant correlates-A
quantitative analysis from coastal
Karnataka India”, International scholarly
research notices, vol 2013(2013), article
ID 574973
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 29
Perceived Barriers for Noncompliance of Immunization
Saraswati Kamble
Vice-Principal Loknete Rajarambapu ,CON, Islampur.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
The last turn of the century was a watershed in
the area of vaccines and immunization. Not
only was it realized that immunization coverage
rates in developing countries had been
decreasing since the early days of the Expanded
Programme on Immunization [EPI] but it
became clear that there was a growing divide in
access to new vaccines between the
industrialized countries and the developing
world. Most of the least developed countries do
not reach the WHO recommended levels of
health spending and for many of them a large
share of total spending is in the private sector.
Objectives:
1) To asses the perceived barriers for
noncompliance of immunization by the
parents of 0- 5 years of children.
2) To associate the perceived barrier with
selected demographic variables.
Methodology
The study was explorative & descriptive
approach .a semi structured interview schedule
was conducted for the participants in Kondwa
urban slum of Pune city.
Setting: Kondwa urban slum of Pune city .
Sample & Sampling Techniques :In this study, the
study samples were selected as per availability and
fulfillment of the pre-set criteria until a desired
sample of hundred was reached. The investigator
had selected Kondwa slum area of Pune city , the
parents having children between the age group
of 0-5 years .
Sample technique: Non probability purposive
sampling.
The tool used was semi-structured interview
schedule modified 4 points likert scale for
assess the perceived barriers for non
compliance of immunization by parent of 0-
5years of childrens.
Technique :Interview schedule technique by means
of questionnaire was thought to be suitable by the
investigator, the tool used for study were close
ended type of questionnaire to explore the barriers
for non compliance of immunization .Tool was
divided into two parts section I & section II.
Section 1: Demographic data comprising of 8
items.{ personal data of parent, Personal data of
child}
Section 2: Semi-structured interview schedule
consisting of 30 items on barriers of
immunization. The major aspects considered
knowledge barriers, importance of
immunization barriers, service deliver barriers,
emotional barriers, geographic barriers, social
support barriers.
The data collection was done in two stages ,
administration of the questionnaire to the
groups of parent who are having children
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 30
between the age group of 0-5 years and the
answers received through the questionnaire
were assessed and based on their answers the
perceive barriers of non compliance of
Immunization were identified by the
investigator.
Results
Majority of the respondents found in educational
level31(31%) of them were had completed primary
education, 72(72%) of them were from nuclear
family, 46(46%) of them were from family income
group 5001-7000, 82(82%) of the families the
immunization was completed whereas for
remaining 18(18%) of the families the immunization
status was not completed.
Overall results of perceived barriers for
noncompliance of immunization:-
Knowledge barriers:-
Above table and graph indicates that 35.8% of
the responses were “agree” with knowledge
barriers and 64.2% of the responses were
“disagree”
Importance of immunization barriers:-
Similarly 13.6% of the responses were “agree”
with importance of immunization barriers and
86.4% of the responses were “disagree”
Service delivers barriers:-
Result also shows that 3.4% of the responses
were “agree” with service deliver barriers and
96.6% of the responses were “disagree”
Emotional barriers:-
Similarly result shows that 20.4% of the
responses were “agree” with Emotional
barriers and 79.6% of the responses were
“disagree” Geographic barriers:-
Result also shows that 8% of the
responses were “agree” with geographic
barriers and 92% of the responses were
“disagree” Social support barriers:-
Similarly the result shows that 5.6% of the
responses were “agree” with social support
barriers and 94.4% of the responses were
“disagree”
References
1. Adler, A, Herring,E., (2007), Parent-
dependent barriers to varicella
immunization in Israel: the importance
of adequate information, Acta Pediatric,
volume 96, pp no. 428–431.
2. Agarwal S, Bhanot A, (2005),
Understanding and addressing
childhood immunization coverage in
urban slums. Indian Pediatric,
pp.no.653-63
3. Ahmet Topuzoğlu,Pinar AY,(2006)
,Carried out a study titled as the barriers
against childhood immunizations: a
qualitative research among socio-
economically disadvantaged mothers.
European Journal of Public Health ,
Volume 17, pp no . 348-352.
4. Ashwin dalal, Silveira M.P, (2005),
review the immunization status of
children in goa, indian pediatrics
volume 42, pp no.402
http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Ahmet+Topuzo%C4%9Flu&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Pinar+Ay&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/4.toc
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 31
Knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder among Health Professionals
Ms. Sheela Upendra
Ph.D scholar,
Dr. D Y Patil College of Nursing,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the knowledge of health professionals on Autism
Spectrum disorder. In addition, this study attempted to find out if there any significant comparison
among the health professionals. Fifty Nurses and Fifty Doctors were selected by non-probability
convenience sampling technique, falling under inclusion criteria during the period of study. Tool was
divided in two sections. Part – I: Included the demographic variables and part II had structured
questionnaire on Autism Spectrum disorder had 65 items. 90% of nurses had not attended any training
related to Autism Spectrum disorder and 26% of doctors have attended training related Autism
Spectrum disorder .Doctors are more knowledgeable than nurses. The ‘t’ value is 5.790. The p value is
< 0.00001 and the result is significant at p < 0.05.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction:
Autism is a disorder of neural developmental
disorder characterized by impaired social
interaction and communication and by
restricted and repetitive behavior. The
neurological disorder sets in with the first three
years of life and impacts on information
processing in the brain by altering how nerve
cells and their synapses connect and organize.[1]
The etiology of autism is still unclear but recent
studies suggest that genetics play a major role
in conferring susceptibility. In autistic children,
losses of language and/or social skills occur
during the second year of life, usually between
15 and 21 months of age. Co-morbidity with
mental retardation, epilepsy, disruptive
behaviors and learning difficulty is very
common. Although there is currently no known
cure for autism there is evidence to suggest that
early intervention therapy can improve
functioning of autistic children.[2]
A study was conducted to assess the incidence
of childhood autism. Cumulative incidence up
to age 5 years was calculated for childhood
autism among a birth cohort from four
successive years (1988 to 1991). The
cumulative incidence recorded was 27.2 per
10,000 populations and by sex were 38.4 per
10,000 in males, and 15.5 per 10,000 in
females. The proportions of children with high-
functioning autism who had Binet IQs of 70 and
over and those with Binet IQs of 85 and over
were 25.3% and 13.7% respectively [3]
Statement of the problem: “A comparative
study to assess the knowledge on Autism
spectrum disorder among health professionals
of selected hospitals of Pune city.
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 32
Objectives:
To assess the knowledge of Nurses on
Autism Spectrum disorder
To assess the knowledge of Doctors on
Autism Spectrum disorder.
To compare the knowledge of Nurses
and Doctors on Autism Spectrum
disorder.
Material and Method: Non experimental
approach and descriptive research design was
adopted for the study. Fifty Nurses and Fifty
Doctors were selected by non-probability
convenience sampling technique, falling under
inclusion criteria during the period of study. A
formal written permission was obtained from
administrative dept. of hospital .Consent was
obtained from participants by explaining the
purpose of the study. Tool was divided in two
sections. Part – I: Included the demographic
variables and part II had structured
questionnaire on Autism Spectrum disorder had
65 items. The data collected was organized and
analysed according to the objectives of the
study using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result:
Section –I Description of samples according to
Demographic characteristics
Majority of nurses and doctors found to
be more than 35years of category and
least number was found in the 20-
25years of category.
Most of the nurses were females and
most of the doctors were from the male
category.
Majority of nurses were more than 10
years of experiences and majority of
doctors were from 5.1 -10 years of
experience category.
90% of nurses had not attended any
training related to Autism Spectrum
disorder and 26% of doctors have
attended training related Autism
Spectrum disorder .
Majority of the nurses, 78% had not
exposure with the child with autism ,
and 88% of doctors had come across
with child with Autism spectrum
disorder.
Section II: Analysis of data related to the level
of knowledge of nurses and doctors on Autism
Spectrum disorder.
Knowledge score Freque
ncy(f)
Percenta
ge ( %)
0-22 ( Poor) Nurses 27 54
Doctors 06 12
23-45 (Average) Nurses 19 38
Doctors 34 68
46-65 ( Good) Nurses 04 08
Doctors 10 20
Table 1: level of knowledge of nurses and
doctors on Autism Spectrum disorder.
Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'
©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 33
Fig 1.Comparative analysis on knowledge on
Austism among Health Professionals
Section III
Comparison of Health professional’s
knowledge on Autism Spectrum disorder.
The knowledge scores of Autism Spectrum
disorder were compared with health
professionals ( Nurses and doctors) . The ‘t’
value was calculated to determine the statistical
significance of the difference. The ‘t’ value is
5.790. The p value is < 0.00001 and the result is
significant at p < 0.05.
Discussion:
In the present study it was found that Doctors
were more knowledgeable than nurses whereas
study done on preschool teachers knowledge
showed the result that there average knowledge
score in the pre-test was 20.7 which changed to
38.4 after the use of self-instructional module.
The self-instructional module has improved the
knowledge on Autism of the pre-school
significantly.[4]
A study revealed the pre school teachers had
considerably poor knowledge ( 96.7%)
regarding Autism. The enhancement is greatly
required on all the aspects of Autism.
Conclusion:
The present study concluded that 90% of nurses
had not attended any training related to Autism
Spectrum disorder and 26% of doctors have
attended training related Autism Spectrum
disorder .Doctors are more knowledgeable than
nurses. The ‘t’ value is 5.790. The p value is <
0.00001 and the result is significant at p < 0.05
Reference
1. Autism. [online]. 2010 [2010 Jul 17];[16
screens]. Available from:
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aitism
2. Karande S. Autism:A review for family
Physician. [online]. 2006 may; 60(5): 205-
15. Available from: URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
3. Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., Imai, M. and
Nitto, Y. Cumulative incidence of
childhood autism: a total population study
of better accuracy and precision.
Developmental Medicine & Child
Neurology 2007 Feb 28; 47: 10–18.
4. Upendra sheela. Effectiveness of self
instructional module on knowledge of
Autism among Pre school teachers.
International Journal of nursing education ,
7 (2) ;2015 ,P 199-200
5. Upendra Sheela . Knowledge of Autism
among PreSchool teachers . Sinhgad e-
Journal of Nursing, 3(2) ; Dec 2013,P 6
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Re
spo
nd
en
ts (
%)
Level of knowledge
Nurses
Docters
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aitismhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nl