INDEX [] · 2015. 8. 5. · Nirmal Kumar Meena , Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur....

Volume V, Issue I, June2015.ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) ISSN '2278 – 893X'

©2015. Sinhgad College of Nursing, Pune. All rights reserved. Page 0

Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing

Volume V, Issue I, June 2015.

ISSN '2249 –3913' (online) Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing

ISSN '2278 – 893X' (Print) Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing

Indexed with ‘Google Scholars’

INDEX

Sr No Content

1 Family members of alcohol dependence: Problems and coping strategies adopted

Mrs. Meenakshi P. Gijare. Manager-Nursing Care, Cloudnine Hospital, Pune

2 Planned Teaching Programme: It's effect on knowledge

Ms. Kalpana Joshi. Tutor. Tutor. DES Smt. Shubhadra K. Jindal CON, Pune

3 Pressure Ulcers: Level Of Understanding in Nursing perspective.

Nirmal Kumar Meena , Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur.

4 Occupational Stress among Staff Nurses

Lecturer, ITM Group of Institutions, Navi Mumbai.

5 Planned Health Teaching programme : its effect on knowledge about Swine Flu Poonam

Yadav, Shriram Tanksale, Jyoti Yangfo IVTh

B.SC Nursing

Mrs. Sheetal Barde, Asst.Prof , Symbiosis College of Nursing. Pune

6 Caring epileptic patients: care takers knowledge and attitude.

Asif Khan Pathan. Nursing Tutor / Clinical Instructor, CON, AIIMS, Jodhpur

7 Blood pressure levels: different for stream students.

Mrs. Sadhana U Adhyapak,Associate Professor. D.Y.Patil College of Nursing,Pune

8 Perceived Barriers For Noncompliance Of Immunization

Saraswati Kamble .Vice-Principal Loknete Rajarambapu ,CON, Islampur.

9 Knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder among Health Professionals

Ms. Sheela Upendra,Ph.D scholar,D.Y.Patil College of Nursing,Pune

10 Knowledge And Self Reported Practices : Lifestyle Modification for Patients With

Ischemic Heart Disease.

Clinical Instructor,Sinhgad college of Nursing Pune



Family members of alcohol dependence: Problems and coping strategies

adopted

Mrs. Meenakshi P. Gijare.

Manager-Nursing Care, Cloudnine Hospital, Pune

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alcohol addiction is an age-old

phenomenon all over the world. It is the

disease of the entire family where the family

members suffer more than the patient.

Globally, about 90% people drink alcohol,

and about 10% of men and 3% women

develop alcohol dependence all over the

world. It is difficult to ascertain prevalence

of alcoholism because of the general

secretiveness of the habit.

In India, there is hardly any reliable

statistics available, although drinking is very

rampant in all the different socio-economic

strata. According to I.C.M.R. study among

the Delhi University students, it was found

that the prevalence rate of alcohol

consumption among boys was 35.9% and

girls at 10.6%. A similar study in Kolkata

revels the prevalence of 39% among boys and

none among girls.

Statement of the Problem:

A study to assess the physical,

emotional, financial, social, problems

perceived by & the coping strategies adopted

by the family members of the persons

suffering with alcohol dependence.

Objectives:

1. To find out the perceived physical,

emotional, social, financial problems

& problems in family relations by the

family members of the PSADs.

2. To identify the coping strategies

adopted by the family members of

PSADs.

3. To compare the problems perceived &

the coping strategies with selected

variables such as :

a. Education

b. Socio economic strata

c. Duration of drinking

d. Presence of support group.

4. To compare the problems perceived &

the coping strategies.

Methodology:

A descriptive exploratory approach was used

in the study as the study aimed at exploring

and describing the problems perceived by and

the coping strategies adopted by the family

members of the persons suffering with

alcohol dependence from hundred family

members of the PSADs visiting OPDs at two

municipal hospitals in Mumbai and few



alcoholic anonymous groups in the suburbs of

Mumbai on who fulfilled the sampling

criteria & were willing to participate in the

study between 17th

August’2002 and 14th

September’2002.

A non-probability convenience sampling was

used for selection of samples. An interview

technique was used for data collection. This

tool was utilized to assess the coping

strategies adopted by the family members of

PSADs. The tool was divided into four

different sections for the following purpose:

Section I The demographic data of the

family members of PSADs

Section II The demographic data of the

PSADs

Section III The problems perceived by the

family members of PSADs

Section IV The coping strategies adopted

by the family members of PSADs.

Findings of the study:

Demographic Data of The Respondents:

Age:- Majority of the respondents were from

the age group of 20-40 years.

Gender:- 87% of the respondents were

females & only 13% were males.

Relationship:- 68% were the spouses and

25% were parents, 5% were children and 2%

were the siblings of the PSADs.

Education:- 48% had studied upto secondary

education, 19% were graduates and 16% were

illiterate and others were either primary or

secondary educated and post-graduates.

Religion: 89% of the respondents were

Hindus. Representation of Muslims and

Christians was 4% & 5% respectively and 3%

respondents were from other religions.

Socio-economical strata: - Fifty three percent

of the respondents were from the lower socio-

economic strata. Around thirty one percent

were from the middle class and only 6%

belonged to the upper middle class and only

ten percent belonged to the rich class.

Type of family of the respondent: Majority of

the respondents i.e. Sixty seven percent

belonged to the nuclear family and only thirty

three percent belonged to the joint family.

Demographic Data of The Respondents:

Age:- Thirty eight percent of the patients

were in the age group of thirty to forty years

and twenty four percent were from the

younger age group of twenty to thirty years

and twenty eight percent from the middle age

group of forty to fifty years and only ten

percent patients were from the age group of

fifty to sixty years.

Gender:- Only two females were found as

persons suffering with alcohol dependence.

Duration Of Drinking:- Majority of the

persons had been drinking chronically, i.e.

Fifty eight percent of the persons were

alcohol addicts for more than 10 years, thirty

two percents were consuming alcohol from 5



to 10 years and only few i.e. 10 percent were

consuming alcohol for less than 5 years.

Classification of other substance used: -

Majority i.e. forty one percent of the patient

had additional addition to tobacco. Twenty

one percent of the patients were addicted to

cigarette, 5% were addicted to bidi and

additional addiction. 4% were addiction to

gutkha and similar stuff, fourteen percent had

addiction to more than one substance and

fourteen percents were addicted to only

alcohol and no other substance. Only one

respondent did not know about the addiction

of the patient.

Analysis of Physical Problems:

Only 15% of the respondents reported

of severe physical problems. Almost equal

number of respondents reported to have mild

to moderate problems, i.e. 43% had mild

problems & 42% had experienced moderate

physical problems.

Emotional Problems:


of severe emotional problems. Majority i.e.

59% respondents reported to have moderate

emotional problems. 38% respondents

reported to have mild emotional problems.

The emotional problems ranged from mild to

moderate in majority of the cases.

Financial Problems:


of severe financial problems. Majority i.e.

72% respondents reported to have mild

financial problems. 25% respondents reported

to have moderate financial problems.

Social Problems


of severe social problems. Majority i.e. 59%

respondents reported to have mild social

problems. 38% respondents reported to have

moderate social problems.

Problems in Family Relations:

Only 2% of the respondents

reported of severe problems in family

relations. Majority i.e. 59% respondents

reported to have mild problems in family

relations. 39% respondents reported to have

moderate problems in family relations.

Analysis of Total Problem Scores:


of severe total problem. Majority i.e. 55%

respondents reported to have mild problem

scores. 38% respondents reported to have



moderate total problem scores. Only 2 % of

the respondents experienced severe problems.

Fig 2: Analysis Of The Various Coping

Strategies.

Analysis of Information about alcohol:

Only 32% of the respondents had

adaptive coping in relation to seeking

information about alcoholism. Sixty eight

percent of the respondents had adapted to

maladaptive coping in relation to seeking

information about alcoholism.

Relations of respondent with PSAD:


had adaptive coping. Forty nine percent of the

respondents had adapted to maladaptive

coping.

Relations of respondent with family

members:


adaptive coping. Forty two percent of the


coping.

Relations of respondent with children:


adaptive coping. 59% of the respondents had

adapted to maladaptive coping.

Social relations of respondent:

All 100% of the respondents showed

adaptive social coping related to similar kind

of social surrounding & also they might have

received good social support reducing the

severity of the problem leading to adaptive

coping.

Maintaining stability of mind:


adaptive coping. 56% of the respondents had

adapted to maladaptive coping.

Diversional activities of respondent:


had adaptive coping. Majority i.e.79% of the


coping.

Belief System:

Majority i.e. 60% of the respondents

had adaptive coping. 40% of the respondents

had adapted to maladaptive coping.

Financial Management:


adaptive coping. Majority i.e. 63% had

maladaptive financial coping as they may be

from lower economic class finding it difficult

to manage finance with limited resources.

Analysis of Total Coping Scores:


of mal-adaptive coping. Majority i.e. 77%

respondents reported to have good coping

scores on total coping. This is suggestive that



on an average majority of the respondents

showed adaptive coping, probably, as

majority of them must have adapted to

various patterns of behaviour due to chronic

nature of the disease. It could also be related

to the acceptance of the problems.

Effect of education on the coping strategies

adopted by the family members of PSADs

Since there was a significant difference

between the mean coping scores of secondary

educated & higher secondary educated group,

it is suggestive that higher the education, the

coping is more maladaptive.

Effect of socio-economic strata on the coping

strategies adopted by the family members of

PSADs:

Since there was a significant difference

between the mean coping scores of lower

SES & The upper class groups, it was

observed that higher the income, the more

maladaptive is the coping.

Effect of Drinking On the Coping Strategies

Adopted By the Family Members of PSADs:

The lesser the duration of disease, the

better is the coping.

Effect of type of family on the coping

Strategies adopted by the family members of

PSADs:

Among the nuclear family, the coping

was found to be better than the joint family.

The problems and the coping scores

did not show any co-relation with each other,

which is suggestive that the perception of the

problems and the adaptation to the coping is

unique to each individual and may vary based

on the kind of emotional make-up and the

support system available.

Conclusion:

From the above findings of the study

it can be concluded that the perception of

problems is very much individualistic

irrespective of the educational, financial

background & duration of drinking & the

type of family. But the coping strategies

differ based on the educational level,

financial position & duration of drinking &

the type of family.

References:

1. Beckman, L.J.(1989) Psychological

Aspects of Alcoholism in Women. In

Ray, R. & Pickens, R.W. (Ed)

Proceedings of the Indo –US Symposium

on Alcohol & Drug Abuse. (pp 330-355).

Bangalore: NIMHANS Publication.

2. Burr, Alison (1982). Families &

alcoholics, London: Constable &

Company Ltd.

G

Gro

ups

Mean N Df T Significance

I 33.8605 43

8

2.258

7

Significant

II 29.7544 57



3. Johnson, H. (2000). The role of

Alcoholism in Male Partner’s Assault on

Wives. Journal of Drug Issues. 30(4),

725-740.

4. Loukas, A.,Piejack, L..A.et al (2001).

Parental Distress as a Mediator of

Problem Behaviours in Sons of Alcohol-

Involved Families. Family Relations.

50(4), 293-301.

5. Virathan, R. (1996). Facts About

Addiction That you Never wanted to

know. Herald of Health Dec. 17,2002.

6. Parry.Charles B.H, 2000, Alcohol

problems in developing countries:

Challenges for the new millineum,

Suchtmed 2 (4) 216-220.

7. Ministry of Social Justice and

Empowerment, United Nations Office of

Drug and Crime Regional office of south

Asia, 2004, the extent, pattern and trends

of drug abuse in India.




of south Asia, 2004, the extent, pattern

and trends of drug abuse in India.




Asia, 2004, Drug Abuse Monitoring

System profile of treatment seekers.

10. World Health Organisation, 2004, Global

Status Report on Alcohol

11. Benegal V, Velayuudham A, Jain S, 2000,

Social Cost of Alcoholism : a Karnataka

perspective, NIMHANS Journal, 18

(1&2) 67



Planned Teaching Programme: It's effect on knowledge

Ms. Kalpana Joshi.

Tutor. DES, Smt. Shubhadra K. Jindal CON, Pune

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction:

One of the most common infectious world

wide disease in the 21th

century. India is the

home to the largest no. of tuberculosis cases in

the world. > 30% of the global burden of

tuberculosis is born by India. Each day in

India, more than 20,000 people in India get

infected with the tuberculosis bacillus, 5000

people develop TB, and more than a 1000 die

- that is nearly one person per minute.

Tuberculosis is a communicable disease

caused by “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis”.

The disease primarily affects lungs. Directly

Observed Therapy Short course (DOTS) is an

international protocol for handling infectious

diseases, most commonly tuberculosis. DOTS

therapy uses a battery of drugs in a prescribed

order to eradicate tuberculosis and avoid the

creation of drug-resistant strains of the

disease. Patients undergoing DOTS therapy

will be observed while they take medication

DOTS therapy is designed to be cost-effective.

Problem statement

A Pre-experimental study to assess the

effectiveness of planned teaching programme

on knowledge regarding Tuberculosis and

DOTS therapy among ANMs in selected areas

of Indore.

Objectives of the study

1. To assess the pre-test knowledge score

regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS

Therapy among ANMs.

2. To find out the association with pre-test

knowledge score regarding Tuberculosis

and DOTS therapy among ANMs and

selected demographic variables.

3. To assess the effectiveness of planned

teaching programme on knowledge

regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS

therapy among ANMs.

Research hypotheses

RH1: There is significant association with pre

test knowledge score regarding Tuberculosis

and DOTS Therapy among ANMs and

selected demographic variables at the level of

P < 0.05

RH2: There is significant difference in pretest

knowledge score and post test knowledge

score regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS

Therapy among ANMs at the level of P <

0.05

Methodology:

A Pre- experimental research approach using

one group pre-test post-test design was

adopted for the study. The population

comprised of 50 ANMs in selected

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-tuberculosis.htm



government areas of Indore. A purposive

sampling technique was used to select the

samples. A structured Knowledge

Questionnaire was developed for data

collection. Structured knowledge

questionnaire was divided into two sections

socio-demographic data and knowledge

questionnaire. The study intended to measure

the gain of knowledge score among ANMs

after planned teaching program through

Lesson plan and different audiovisual aids

(LCD, Flip book, DOTS kits, diet

demonstration). Here group was assessed

before and after introducing the intervention.

The investigator terminated the data

collection process by giving booklet.

Findings:

After conducting the study it was found that

the in pre-test knowledge score, most of the

subjects 30 (60%) had average score, 18(36%)

subjects had good knowledge score 2(4%)

subjects had poor knowledge score and no one

had scored excellent. There was no

relationship with pretest knowledge score

regarding Tuberculosis and DOTS therapy

among ANMs and selected demographic

variables.. Most of the subject had scored had

average 30 (60%) and 18(36%) subjects had

good knowledge score and only 2(4%)

subjects had Poor knowledge score and no one

had scored excellent. The total mean pretest

knowledge score was 14.40; Median was 14

and S.D. 3.28 on a scale of (0-28). Thus shows

that there was having some knowledge

regarding TB and DOTS therapy

In post-test knowledge score, most of subjects

26 (52%) had excellent knowledge score ie

21-28, 22 (44%) respondents had good

knowledge score, 2 (4%) of ANMs had

average knowledge score and no one had poor

knowledge score. The mean post test

knowledge score was 20.62 and median post

test knowledge score was 21 and SD was 3.37,

which is higher than mean pretest knowledge

score 14.40 and median pre-test knowledge

score 14. Effectiveness of planned teaching

programme was analyzed through SPSS

version 10.0, Wilcox Signed Ranks Test was

used and the Z value was 5.659 which was

significant at the level of P< 0.001.

Effectiveness of planned teaching programme

regarding tb and dots therapy on pre-test and

post-test knowledge score

Table: 8: Wilcoxon Sign Rank “Z” test

Knowledge

Area

Rank

N

Mean

Rank

Sum of

Rank

“Z”

value

Post-test

& Pre-test

Negati

ve

Positi

ve

Ties

Total

2

46

2

50

5.50

25.3

3

11.00

1165.0

0

5.659**

*

Asymp

Sig.

0.001

(2-tailed)

Recommendations:



A similar study can be replicated on a

large sample.

A similar study can be conducted in

different health worker group.

An exploratory study conducted in large

group and to assess the knowledge of all

health workers.

A study can be done on TB patient,

especially to find out incidence of T.B. and

related complication ie multi drug

resistance cases.

Study can be done on knowledge

regarding drug compliance among TB

patients.

A further study can be done to observe the

practice and attitude of health workers.

A comparative study can be done on two

different teaching methods of knowledge

and practice regarding TB and DOTS

therapy.

An experimental study can be under taken

with a control group.

Planned teaching in two or more sessions

would have been more effective.

Observation of sample in more activities

could have given more accurate findings.

References

Park, K. (2009). Preventive and social

Medicine. (19th

ed). Jabalpur: M/s

Banarsidas Bhanot.

Global tuberculosis control 2009.

Epidemiological, strategy functioning.

HRZES. WHO Report.

http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global

_report/2009/update/en

National Family Health Survey-3. (2005-

06). Ministry of health and family welfare.

International institute for population

sciences. Mumbai.

http://www.nfhsindia.org.

Implementing the WHO stop TB

strategy.(2008). A hand book for national

tuberculosis control programme.

www.who.int/tb/dots/en/ -

Pressure Ulcers: Level Of Understanding in Nursing perspective.

http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/update/enhttp://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/update/enhttp://www.nfhsindia.org/



Nirmal Kumar Meena Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction

A pressure ulcer is an area of skin

that breaks down when the client stays in one

position for too long without shifting the

weight. This often happens if he uses, a wheel

chairs or he is bedridden, even for a short

period of time (for example after surgery, an

injury). The constant pressure against the skin

reduces blood supply to that area and the

affected tissue dies. The most common place

for pressure ulcers are over bony prominence

(bone close to the skin) like the elbow, heals,

hips, ankles, shoulders, back and the occiput

of the head.

The incidence of pressure ulcers in

hospital settings has been reported by some as

3.5% and by others as 9.2%. A few client

populations are thought to be at greater risk of

developing pressure sores because of

immobility.

Pressure ulcers have also been

called bedsores, pressure sores, decubitus

ulcers and dermal ulcers. Certain clients have

a greater risk of developing pressure ulcers.

The best intervention for pressure ulcers is

prevention. However, once developed, the

nurse needs to treat the underlying cause by

providing quality nursing care and following

the physician’s or qualified practitioner’s

orders for the individually prescribed

treatment.

Research indicates that care giving

is associated with biomarkers of chronic

stress. Therefore the investigator recognized

the significance of giving a planned

structured teaching programme for G.N.M

first year students to prevent and manage

pressure ulcer patient

Statement

“A pre-experimental study to evaluate

the effectiveness of structured teaching

programme on prevention and management

of pressure ulcer in terms of knowledge

among student nurses in selected institution at

jaipur”

Objectives of the study:

To assess the pretest knowledge score

regarding prevention and management

of pressure ulcers among student

nurses.

To assess the posttest knowledge

score regarding prevention and

management of pressure ulcers among

student nurses.

To determine the effectiveness of

structured teaching programme

regarding prevention and management

of pressure ulcers in terms of gain in

knowledge among student nurses.

To find the association between pre-

test knowledge scores with selected

demographic variables.



Research hypotheses:

H1: There will be significant difference

between pre and posttest knowledge score of

student nurses regarding pressure ulcer.

H2: There will be significant association

between the pretest knowledge of pressure

ulcers and selected demographic variables.

Research methodology

Research design:

Pre experimental method- one group pre-test,

post-test Research design

Setting of study

Vinayak Nursing School at Jaipur, Rajasthan

Population:

G.N.M first year students studying in selected

nursing institution at Jaipur, Rajasthan

Sample:

60 G.N.M first year students studying in

selected nursing institution at Jaipur.

Sampling technique:

Convenient sampling technique was

used.

Tool: A structured questionnaire was used as

a tool, it includes

Section A : It consists of Demographic

data.

Section B : It contains 30 structured

questions which were divided as

skin and skin care :-5 items

pressure ulcer :- 5 items

prevention of pressure ulcer :- 14

items

management of pressure ulcer:- 6

items

Findings:

According to the objectives of the study, the

data were represented under the following

sections:

Section I

Description of socio demographic

characteristics of sample.

Section II

Percentage distribution of overall

knowledge levels and knowledge in

specific areas related to Pressure

ulcer among student nurses in pre test

and post test.

Mean and standard deviation of pre

test and post test knowledge scores in

specific areas of Pressure ulcer.

Section III

Effectiveness of structured teaching

programme among student nurses on

pressure ulcer knowledge by

comparing the pre test and post test

assessment score.

Significance difference between pre-

test and post-test knowledge scores

Section IV

Association between the knowledge of

student nurses on pressure ulcer with

selected socio demographic variables

Results:

Distribution of knowledge scores in the pre-

test and post-test shows difference between

the knowledge scores of pre-test and post-

test. This reveals that there was increase in



knowledge level after the administration of

STP.

Description of demographic characteristics:

Figure-1: Bar diagram representing comparison of pretest

and posttest knowledge scores of G.N.M first year students.

Table 2 : Area wise mean, mean percentage, S.D, and

overall score in pretest knowledge score of first year

G.N.M students S.No

Area Maximum Score

Mean Score

Mean Percentage

S.D

1 Skin care

5 1.98 39.6 0.93

2 Pressure

ulcer

5 2.28 45.6 0.82

3 Preventio

n

14 5.91 42.21 1.78

4 Managem

ent

6 2.09 34.83 0.87

Overall 30 12.27 40.86 4.4

Table 3 :Area wise mean, mean percentage, S.D, in

post-test knowledge score of first year G.N.M students

S.No Area Maxim

um

Score

Mean

Score

Mean

Percen

tage

S.D

1 Skin care

5 4.5 90 % 0.5

9 2 Pressure ulcer

5 4.75 95% 0.4

4 3 Prevention

14 12.21 87.21

% 1.2

6 4 Management

6 5.31 88.5% 0.6

5 Overall 30 26.78 89.23 2.9

4

TABLE 4:Significance difference

between pre-test and post-test knowledge

scores

36 24

0 0 0 0 2

58

-40

10

60

poor average good very good

comparison of pretest and posttest

pretest posttest

S.No

Variables Frequency Frequency

Percentage

I

Age(in year)

17-18 9

15

19-20 34

56.67

21-22 14

23.33

23 and above 3

5

II Gender

male 42

70

female 18 30

III stream in senior

secondary

Arts

34 56.67

Commerce

3 5

Biology

19 31.67

Mathematics

4 6.67

IV Area of Living

rural 53 88.33

urban 7 11.67

V Previous Knowledge

yes 7 11.67

no 53 88.33



One-tailed table‘t’ value at 5%: t59 = 1.6711;

* Significant; P < 0.05

The present study findings shows that

there was no significant association

between pre-test knowledge scores with


Summary

The analysis was carried out on the basis of

objectives and hypothesis of the study. The

effectiveness of STP was identified by using

frequency and percentage. Paired‘t’ test was

used to find out the significant difference

between the pretest and post-test knowledge

scores and the association between pretest

knowledge scores and selected variables was

calculated by using Chi square test.

A significant difference was observed

between the mean pre-test and post-test

knowledge scores of G.N.M First year

students regarding pressure ulcer (t59= 17.81

, P < 0.05).

References

1. Ross & Wilson. “Anatomy of Physiology

in Health and illness”. 9th edition, Published

by Elsevier. Pp.361-62.

2. Kozier et. al, “Fundamentals of nursing,

concepts, process and practice”, 5th edition,

published by Addison-Wesley pp. 786-787.

3. Suddarth’s & Bruniner, “Textbook of

medical surgical nursing”, 9th edition,

published by Lippincott, Philadelphia, New

York 2000, pp. 344-345.

4. Sr. Nancy, “Principles & practice of

nursing”, 2nd edition, published by N.R.

Brother Publication (1994) pp. 212-216.

5. Delmar’s, “Fundamental and advanced

nursing skills”, 1st edition, published by

Delmal Thomson Learning pp. 1183-1190.

6. M. Weiland et. al, “Pressure ulcer

prevention within 72 hrs of admission in a

rehabilitation setting”, 1997 Sep. 43 (8): 14-

8, 20,22.

7. Potter Perry. Fundamentals of Nursing. 5th

Edition. New Delhi: Mosby; 2001

S.N

o

Area Mean

effectivene

ss

S.D

effectivene

ss

t

valu

e

1 Skin care

2.52 0.34 19.8

3

2 Pressure

ulcer

2.47 0.38 25.3

9

3 Prevention

6.3 0.52 28.3

5

4 Manageme

nt

3.22 0.22 24.1

4

5 overall 14.51 1.46 17.8

1



Occupational Stress among Staff Nurses

Mr. Nithin Philip.

Lecturer, ITM Group of Institutions,Navi Mumbai.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines,

frustrations, and demands. For many people,

stress is so commonplace that it has become a

way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small

doses, it can help to perform under pressure

and motivate to do best. But when constantly

running in emergency mode, mind and body

pay the price.

Stress is a physical or emotional state of

response always present in a person as a

result of living. It is intensified in a non

specific response to an internal or external

environmental change or threat.

Need for the study

Nurses play an important role in the health

team along with other health professionals.

She strives for the prevention of disease,

promotion of health and prolonging the life of

individuals and the community. Nurse works

at patient level, doctor’s level and

administration level. In this setting, she faces

lot of physical and psychological stress. Job

stress is also called burnout which is

characterized by emotional, physical and

spiritual exhaustion. Job stress is a chronic

disease caused by conditions in the work

place that negatively affect an individual’s

performance and/or overall well-being of his

body and mind, one or more of a host of

physical and mental illnesses manifests job

stress. Some are usually required to validate

the reason and degree of work related stress.

Occupational stress is the result of interaction

between characteristics of individual workers,

resources and stress factors, which are any

physical, mental or social factors related to

the work environment. Individuals with work

stress usually experience an unpleasant

awareness of

their internal or external

environment when they are at work,

anticipating going to work, or just thinking

about work.

Statement: “A Study to Assess Occupational

Stress among Staff Nurses at the selected

hospitals in Pune city”

Objectives of the Study

1. To assess occupational stress among nurses

working selected hospitals.

2. To find the association between

occupational stress with selected

demographic variables.

Research Approach: Quantitative Approach

Research Design:Descriptive survey design



Setting of the Study

The study subjects were selected from the

selected Hospitals in Pune city

Target Population

The target population for the present study

was staff nurses working at selected Hospitals

of Pune city.

Sample

Staff nurses who are working in selected

Hospitals of Pune city who fell under the

inclusion criteria.

Sample Size

The sample for present study included 50

staff nurses

Sampling Technique

Purposive Sampling Technique

Methods: A survey approach with a

descriptive study design was used to collect

the data from 50 staff nurses, selected using

the method of purposive sampling technique.

The tool consisted of 2 parts.

Part I – demographic characteristics with 18

items. Part

Part II – consists of occupational stress

related to six dimensions comprising of 60

items.

Findings related to demographic data

Age distribution indicate that 38% of

respondents were between the age

group of 36-42 years.

Majority (92%) of the respondents

were females.

Distribution of samples studied 68%

respondents were Hindus.

Further analysis on professional

qualification 76% of respondents had

studied upto Diploma/GNM.

Majority (64%) have 2-3 members in

the family.

It is observed that higher number of

respondents 76% were from nuclear

family.

Majority (46%) had a family income

of below Rs. 10000/- per month.

Regarding professional experience,

42% of respondents had 6-15 years of

experience.

Majority (52%) of respondents had

not undergone any special training.

Further analysis on stress management

programme 88% of respondents had

not attended stress management

programme.

Regarding marital status 76% of the

respondents were married.

Majority (36%) of respondents

possess two children and 48% of the

respondents children age was 6-9

years.

It is observed that 44% of respondents

were residing in rental house and

mode of travel is mainly two wheeler

(38%) and 42% respondents consume

travel time of 30 minutes.

The history of illness shows that 10%

of respondents had hypertension and

8% with diabetes mellitus.



Findings related to occupational stress

among respondents

The overall mean percentage stress score

was 39%.

The mean stress score was found higher

64% in the aspect of safety and security.

In work load and work organization

aspect, the mean percent stress score was

45.2% as compared to interpersonal

aspect (35.2%).

The subjects scored mean percent of 26.6

in the area of preparation, skills and

knowledge and 30% in working with

patients and family aspect.

The result indicate that highest of 68%

respondents possess low stress level.

Further, 32% of the respondents possess

moderate stress level.

Findings related to association between

occupational stress with selected variables

The highest (77.8%) number of

respondents are between the age group

of 27-35 years possess moderate stress

level. The result established significant

association (X2 = 27.48*, P0.05) between stress level and sex of

the respondents.

It is observed that 38.2% of Hindu

respondents possess moderate stress

level. The result implies that non-

significant association (X2 = 2.26NS,

P>0.05) between stress level and

religion.

It is seen from the findings that higher

(100%) respondents with qualification of

degree possess low stress level. The

result implies significant association (X2

= 7.43*, P



2.35NS, P>0.05) between stress level

and marital status.

The respondents (50%) who do not have

children possess moderate stress level.

The result established significant

association (X2 = 6.21*, P0.05)

between stress level and time of travel

of respondents.

The result shows that cent percent of the

respondents who have history of illness

possess low stress level. The result

established significant association (X2 =

5.17*, P



highest mean stress (64%) score was found in

the aspect of safety and security and the

lowest of 26.6% was noticed in the aspect of

preparation, skills and knowledge. There was

significant association between stress level

with age, professional qualification, training

undergone, and number of children, family

members, family income, experience and

history of illness.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

Overall finding showed that, respondents stress

level is low (68%) and moderate (32%). The

study found several factors that contribute to

work-related stress. These findings influenced the

need for formulating an information guide sheet

to manage occupational stress among staff nurses

working at selected Hospitals.

References

1. Hegney D, Plank A, Parker V. Nursing

workloads: the results of a study of

Queensland nurses. Journal of Nursing

Management 2003; 11(5): 307-14.

2. Gail Wiscarz Stuart. Principles and

practice of psychiatric nursing. 1st ed.

Missouri: Mosby; 2005. p. 820.

3. Boey KW. Distressed and stress in

resistant nurses. Issues in Mnetal Health

Nursing 1999; 20: 33-54.

4. Rutenfranz J, Knauth P. Angersbach D.

Shift work research issues In: Johnson L,

Tepas D Colquhoun WP, Colligan M

(Eds) Advanced in sleep research,

biological rhythms, sleep and shift work,

MTP Press Lancaster, 1981; 7: 44- 61.

5. Howard H, Goldman. Review of general

psychiatry. 2nd ed. USA, Maruzan, Asia:

Longe Medical Publications; 1984. p.

667.

6. Hall DS. Work related stress of registered

nurses in a hospital setting. J Nurses Staff

Dev. 2004 Jan-Feb; 20(1): 15-6.

7. Pinikahana, Jaya. Stress, burnout and job

satisfaction in rural psychiatric nurses - a

Victorian study. Austl J Rural Health

2004 Jun; 12(3): 120-125.

8. Stacciarini JM, Troccoli BT.

Occupational stress and constructive

thinking: health and job satisfaction. J

Adv Nurs. 2004 Jun; 46(5): 480-7.

9. Murphy F. An investigation into stress

levels amongst renal nurses. EDTNA

ERCA J. 2004 Oct-Dec; 30(4): 226-9.



Planned Health Teaching programme : its effect on knowledge about Swine Flu

Poonam Yadav, Shriram Tanksale, Jyoti Yangfo IVTh

B.SC Nursing.

Mrs. Sheetal Barde Asst.Prof

Symbiosis College of Nursing.Pune

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract: -Background: Alarm bells are ringing all over the world over the unprecedented outbreak of swine

flu caused by Influenza-A virus. The number of individuals running flu is increasing at an alarming rate. The

focus of this study is “To assess the effectiveness of ‘Planned Health Teaching’ programme on knowledge

about Swine Flu among adults residing in selected urban area of Pune city”Review of literature and related

studies helped investigator .Research approach was purposive Methodology- sampling techniques

&Research design: Quasi Experimental research design; Sample &Sampling techniques: 60adults &

purposive sampling technique; Tool: structured questionnaire includes demographic data and knowledge

questions. Realibility& Validity- reliability obtained by split half method and validity obtained from experts

, Data collected at adults residing in selected area of pune city. Data analysis was done by using descriptive

and inferential statistics. Result: It was found that in pre-test majority of adults i.e., 70.0 % were having

poor knowledge and 25.0% were having average knowledge and in post-test majority of adult’s i.e., 66.7%

were having good knowledge and 20 % were having very good knowledge. Conclusion-The samples had a

highly significant gain in knowledge after planned teaching programme. If it was to compare the knowledge

of adults about swine flu was found that the post test scores of the adults were higher than that of the pre-test

knowledge score.

KEY WORDS-Effectiveness, Planned health teaching programme, Knowledge, Swine flu

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction-

Swine Flu is a respiratory tract infection from

the hogs. This kind of virus can kill the

human race. This infection is a worldwide

virus outbreak. A flu deadly disease occurs

when a new influenza virus emerges for

which people have little or no immunity and

for which there is no vaccine. Those whom

their hospitals are more than 10 miles from

their community can easily infected with the

Swine Flu. The disease spreads easily person-

to-person, and can be cause with serious

illness, and can spread out across the country

and even worldwide in a very short span of

time. An influenza pandemic may be caused

by either swine (pig) or avian (bird) flu

viruses. According to the latest WHO

statistics (as of July 2010), the virus has

killed more than 18,000 people since it

appeared in April 2209, however they state

that the total mortality (including deaths

unconfirmed or unreported) from H1N1

strains is “unquestionably higher”. In 2012

research showed that as many as 579,000



people have been killed by the disease, the

majority of these deaths occurred in Africa

and Southeast Asia. Now the WHO have

estimated approximately 284,500 cases of

swine flu is found worldwide. Now we will

see the scenario of Maharashtra. The swine

flu toll in Maharashtra was 249 deaths with

2,158 people being affected. According to the

Union Health Minister the latest death toll

from swine flu in Maharashtra reaches 375

with 4,340 numbers of people affected now.

So far, Pune have reported its 20th death on

August 2014, with the affected cases is

registered more than 1000. . The focus of this

study is “To assess the effectiveness of

‘Planned Health Teaching’ programme on

knowledge about Swine Flu among adults

residing in selected urban area of Pune city”

Objectives of the study:-

1. Identify the existing pretest knowledge

related to swine flu among people.

2.To assess effectiveness of planned health

teaching regarding knowledge of swine flu

among people.

3. To find a relationship between the level of

knowledge people with selected demographic

variables.

The validity was established by experts from

different specialties i.e. from Preventive and

Social Medicine, Community Health Nursing,

Medical Surgical Nursing, Medicine

Department and Statistics. The experts were

selected based on their clinical expertise,

experience and interest in the problem being

studied.. The suggestions were discussed

with the guide and the tool was finalized.

Reliability for the tool was calculated by

using split half formula was obtained 0.96

Methdology

Research approach: Quasi experimental

approach

Research design: Quasi experimental research

design

Setting : Selected Urban area of Pune city.

Sampling and sampling techniques:Non

probability Purposive sampling method was

used .The sample were selected from the

urban area Pandav Nagar, Pune city.

Tool

The tool has been divided into three

sections

Section A: It includes the Demographic

variables. It has been developed on the

basis of the objectives of the study.

Section B: It is a self-developed

structured questionnaire consisting of 30

statements rated in terms of Multiple

choice questions.

Section C: Planned health teaching

programme.

Major findings of the study

It was found that majority of adults were from

the age group 18-23 years. Majority i.e,56.7%

were male and 40.0% were females among

them .Majority were having housing type as

slab house i.e. , 50.0% and Majority i.e.,

55.0% were having personal toilets at home

and 73.35 were having annual family income



1 lakh – 2 lakh . In medical illness 21.7%

were having hypertension and 10% were

having diabetes .Majority were having

primary health center as health facility near

6.7% were post graduate.

The Table 1: shows distribution of participant

on the basis of demographic variables.

First one is age in which majority of

population were between (41 %) 18 to 23

years. On the basis of gender 56 % are male

and 40 % are female50 % of population have

slab house and remaining have kaccha and

puccahouse. Majority of sample have

personal toilets (55%) then shared toilet is

also one of the majority (31%)Majority of

population have income between 1 Lakh to 2

Lakh rupees per annual.Mainly hypertension

(21%) and diabetes (10%) is the illness

history otherwise there is no history

(56%).Medical facility: majority of primary

health centres are available other are very

less.Education: Mainly population is educated

up to high school.

FIG 1:Pie chart represents the pre test

knowledge of the samples selected

FIG 2: Post test knowledge of the samples

selected

2%

70%

25% 3%

PRE TEST

very good poor average good

Characteristics Frequency Percent

Age 18-23 years 25 41.7

24-28 years 18 30

29-33 years 10 16.7

above 33 years 7 11.7

Gender Male 34 56.7

Female 24 40

House type Pucca 15 25

Cemented 14 23.3

Slab 30 50

Kuccha 1 1.7

Toilet

facility in house

Open defecation 2 3.3

Public toilet 6 10

Personal toilet 33 55

Shared toilet 19 31.7

Annual

family income

below 50K 3 5

50K-100K 8 13.3

1l-2l 44 73.3

above2 lakhs 5 8.3

Medical

illness

Diabetes 6 10

Hypertension 13 21.7

None of the above 40 66.7

Any other 1 1.7

health

facility

available near home

Public Health Centre 46 76.7

Government hospital 9 15

Semi government

hospital

3 5

Private clinic 2 3.3

Education Illiterate 12 20

High school 36 60

Graduate 8 13.3

Post Graduate 4 6.7

Total 60 100



Fig 3:Comparison of The Pre-Test & Post

Test

CONCLUSION

The following conclusion were drawn from

the following findings of the study .When the

samples were taken for the study the samples

had less knowledge about swine flu .The

planned health teaching programme on

knowledge about swine flu was found to be

effective in increasing their knowledge .The

samples had a highly significant gain in

knowledge after planned teaching programme

.If it was to compare the knowledge of adults

about swine flu was found that the post test

scores of the adults were higher than that of

the pre-test knowledge score.

REFERENCES

1. B.K Mhajan “methods in biostatics 7th

edition published by jaypee brothers

medical publishers (p)ltd ,new delhi-2010

page no-170-195.

2. Denis f .poilt Nursing research 9thedition

wolterkluwer health Indian pvt.ltd

Lippincott William , Nework no

200,379,351 statics.

3. Eyar : 2011 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 2 |

Page : 52-58

4. Kothari C.R Research Methodology , 2nd

edition , New Delhi, New Age

International Private Limited,2009

5. Rose Marie Nieswiadomy “foundation of

nursing research 5th

edition published by

dorlingkindesely(india)pnt.ltd,2009 page

no-57,141-180

6. Sinhagad e-journal of nursing_ ISSN :

2249 – 3913 – volume 1, issue ii, nov-dec

2011.

7. Vincent AL, Lager KM, Harland M,

Lorusso A, Zanella E, Ciacci-Zanella JR,

et al. Absence of 2009 pandemic H1N1

influenza A virus in fresh pork. PLoS

One. 2009;4:e8367. [PMC free article]

[PubMed]

0

10

20

30

40

50

POOR GOOD AVERAGE VERY GOOD

PRE TEST

POST TEST

0

20

40

60

80

PRE TEST

POST TEST

NORMAL DISEASE

LIFE THREATNING



Caring epileptic patients: care takers knowledge and attitude.

Asif Khan Pathan

Nursing Tutor / Clinical Instructor,CON,AIIMS,Jodhpur.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction

Epilepsy is referred to as Apasmara in

Ayurveda, the highly systematized ancient

Indian Medical System, developed during the

period 5000 to 4500 BC. Despite the long and

hallowed history, myths and misconceptions

about epilepsy abound and are deep rooted,

resulting in considerable stigma and

discrimination leading to a wide treatment gap

in India.1

Epilepsy is a neurological condition

characterized by recurrent seizures. A seizure is

a transient disturbance of cerebral function

secondary to abnormal paroxysmal in the

brain.2

Epilepsy continues to be one of major

stigmatizing conditions in the world for all age

groups. It has a high psychosocial impact

because those suffering from the seizures are

vulnerable to be discriminated upon and

rejected and their ability to live life to the

fullest can dramatically be affected3

A review of the epidemiological studies

indicates that nearly 8-10 million people have

epilepsy in the country at any given point of

time. At a district level nearly 15000 – 30000

people are estimated to be suffering from

epilepsy.4

Objectives of the study

1. To assess the knowledge and attitude of

care takers of epileptic patients.

2. To find out the effectiveness of self

instructional module.

3. To find out correlation between the post

test knowledge and the post test attitude

score of care takers of epileptic patients.

4. To find out association between post test

knowledge score and attitude score with


Hypothesis:

H1: There will be significant increase in post

test knowledge and attitude score, than the pre

test knowledge and attitude score of the care

takers of epileptic patient,.

Material & methods



Research approach used for this study was

survey approach. The research design used in

this study was Pre-experimental one group pre-

test post-test design. The study was conducted

at mental hospital karoli baugh, Vadodara city.

The population was the care takers of epileptic

patients. The purposive sampling technique was

used for the study. The sample consisted of 60

care takers of the epileptic patients who are

caring for epileptic patients other than health

professionals. Tool was developed by the

investigator based on his experience, review of

literature, and expert’s opinion.

Result & discussion

TAB 1:Effectiveness of self instructional

module on knowledge among care takers of

epileptic patientS N=60

Sl.

No.

Group Numbe

r

Mean Mean

difference

Standard

Deviation

Paired

‘T’ Value

1. Pretest 60 6.9166

67

8.49

1.85

3.86

2. Post

test

60 10.83 3.16

Study result showed the paired “t” value 3.86

for the knowledge score. It indicates that there

is significant increase in the knowledge level of

care takers of epileptic patients.

TAB 2: Effectiveness of self instructional

module on attitude Sl

.

No.

Gro

up

Numb

er

Mean Mean

difference

Standard

Deviatio

n

Paired

‘T’

Value

1. Pret

est

60 30.38

27.33

7.75

4.68

2. Post test

60 44.46 11.32

Study result showed the paired “t” value 4.68

for the attitude score. It indicates that there is

significant increase in the attitude level of care

takers of epileptic patients.

Correlation value (r=+0.54) shows that there is

a positive relationship between post test

knowledge score and post test attitude score

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 70%

30%

0%

25%

53.33%

21.66%

PER

CEN

TAG

E

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE

Fig:13 frequency distribution of

pre test and post test knowledge

score

Pre test

Post test

20%

80%

0% 8%

35.00%

56.66%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

per

cen

tage

Level of attitude

Fig: 2 frequency distribution of

pre and post test attitude score

Pre test

Post test



TAB 3: Correlation between the post test

knowledge score and the post test attitude

score.

N

There was significant association between post

test knowledge score with the demographic

variable age and educational status.

There was no significant association between

post test attitude score with any demographic

variables.

Conclusion

Mental illness is shrouded in the gloom of

ignorance, superstition, feelings of mystery and

fear among the family members. Though there

is advancement and technological improvement

in the field of psychiatry, still there is lack of

awareness among public regarding mental

illness. Even today majority of patients are

taken to temples, wizards and faith healers and

very few of them realize that, it is a type of

illness and consider the treatment for mental

illness by psychiatrists. There is also lack of

knowledge, misconception and ignorance

regarding epilepsy among public even among

the population of mentally ill patients and their

relatives.

So it is essential to adopt some measures

to improve the knowledge and attitude among

the family members who take care of epileptic

patient. Hence, this study is aimed in evaluating

the effect of self instructional module which is

proved to be effective in various studies to

increase the knowledge and attitude of the care

takers.

References

1. M Gourie-Devi, Vijander Singh, Kiran

Bala “Knowledge, attitude and practices

among patients of epilepsy attending

tertiary hospital in Delhi, India and a

review of Indian studies

2. Gajar, Mina (2001). “Cultural-Specific

Belief and Attitude about Epilepsy”

Department of Human Development and

Applied Psychology Ontario institute for

Studies in Education of University of

Toronto

3. Hutten IHM (1994). Ensimbo, the

falling disease: “A study on the

knowledge , attitude and practices

towards epilepsy” in Kaisho, Murongo

Division in Tanzania. An Occasional

Paper No. 41.

4. Dr. G. Gururaj Dr. P. Satishchandra Dr.

M. Gourie-Devi “National Workshop on

Public Health Aspects of Epilepsy for

Senior Personnel of State Health

Departments in India” Annals of Indian

Academy of Neurology, 1999. Vol 2 43

S. no. Variables Correlation

value

Statistical

result

1. Knowledge

and attitude

r= +0.54 Positive

correlation



Blood pressure levels: different for stream students.

Mrs. Sadhana U Adhyapak

Associate Professor, Dr D. Y .Patil College of Nursing, Pune.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Background –

High blood pressure represents one of the main

public health risks problems in developed as

well as in developing countries. The behavior of

the high blood pressure in the initial phases of

life has shown a strict relationship with

hypertension in adulthood. Research studies

show that prevalence of high blood pressure in

adolescents & young adults varies in each

country & depends on many factors. But blood

pressure values have been associated with

excessive body weight, unbalanced diet,

smoking etc. In addition some studies have

identified other risk factors of high blood

pressure. Considering high blood pressure as a

multifactorial problem which affects many

different population groups, it becomes crucial

to identify risk factors associated with high

pressure levels in adolescents &young adults.

The aim of the study was to identify blood

pressure levels among different stream students.

Title-

A study to compare blood pressure levels of

different stream students.

Objectives

To identify blood pressure levels of

different stream students

To correlate blood pressure levels with

selected demographic variables

Method:

A design used for the study was a descriptive

study design. A survey was done on total 200

students. In this study 70 students selected were

from science stream, 70 from commerce stream

and 60 from arts stream. Official permission was

taken from administrators of the college. Each

sample was explained about the study and its

purpose. Written informed consent was taken

from all samples before interview. Convenient

sampling technique was used and samples were

selected keeping in mind the criteria of the

study.

Data collection:

The study was based on the assumption that

adolescents & young adults of different stream

students have different levels of blood pressure.

The investigator prepared questionnaire for

interview to assess demographic variables and

blood pressure level. The tool was constructed

according to the objectives of the study. The

questionnaire consisted of two sections.

Section I dealt with the demographic variables

like age, gender & stream of the student.

Section II included clinical profile like height,

weight, Body Mass Index & blood pressure.

Information about demographic details was

collected.



Weight was measured with Omron body weight

scale HN-283. Weight of each subject was

measured by allowing him/her to stand on the

weighing scale without shoes and looking

straight. Height was measured by standard

measuring tape.

Blood pressure was determined by auscultating

in right arm by standardized method using

mercury sphygmomanometer.

Results

Findings of the demographic data- This section

deals with selected variables such as age, gender

and stream of study.

Table 1

Description of sample according to personal

characteristics

N-200

Sr

No

Demographic

variable

Frequency Percentage

1 Age

16-19

20-25

100

100

50

50

2 Gender

Male

Female

111

89

55.5

44.5

3 Stream of the

study

Science

Commerce

Arts

70

70

60

35

35

30

Table no 1 shows that sample included in the

study were 50% of adolescents and 50% of

young adults. There were 55.5% of males and

44.5% were females. 35% of sample was from

science stream, 35% was from commerce stream

& 30% was from arts stream.

Findings related to Body Mass Index of


Fig no 1 BMI level of science stream students.

The above figure shows that 31.40% science

students were overweight whereas 35.70%

students were obese.

Fig 2 BMI level of commerce stream students.

Fig 2 shows that most of the i. e. 54.28%

commerce students had normal BMI but 25.71%

of the students were overweight and 1.42% were

obese.

Fig 3 BMI level of arts stream students.



The above figure shows that 63.33% student had

normal BMI whereas 18.33% students were

overweight. 1.66% students were obese.

Findings related to blood pressure levels of


Fig 4 Blood pressure levels of different

stream students

The above figure shows that 51.4% of science

stream students had normal blood pressure,

45.7% were in prehypertension stage, 2.8%

were in stage I hypertension & nobody was in

stage II hypertension.

It also indicates that 54.2% of commerce stream

students had normal blood pressure, 44.2% were

in prehypertension stage, 1% were in stage I

hypertension & nobody was in stage II

hypertension.

It also indicates that 50% of arts stream students

had normal blood pressure and 50% were in

prehypertension stage, nobody was in stage I

and stage II hypertension.

Findings related to correlation with

demographic variables

There was no significant association seen in

blood pressure levels with variables like age,

gender, Body Mass Index and stream of study at

P> 0.05 level.

References

Bimenva G S et al,”Blood pressure

profile among Makere University

undergraduate students”, African health

sciences, 2005, June 5(2):99-106

Lohar Prakash “Study of correlation in

Body mass index & blood pressure of

college students”, International journal

of science innovation & discoveries,

May-June 2013, 3(3), 85-92

Rao Chythra et al, “High blood pressure

prevalence and significant correlates-A

quantitative analysis from coastal

Karnataka India”, International scholarly

research notices, vol 2013(2013), article

ID 574973



Perceived Barriers for Noncompliance of Immunization

Saraswati Kamble

Vice-Principal Loknete Rajarambapu ,CON, Islampur.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction

The last turn of the century was a watershed in

the area of vaccines and immunization. Not

only was it realized that immunization coverage

rates in developing countries had been

decreasing since the early days of the Expanded

Programme on Immunization [EPI] but it

became clear that there was a growing divide in

access to new vaccines between the

industrialized countries and the developing

world. Most of the least developed countries do

not reach the WHO recommended levels of

health spending and for many of them a large

share of total spending is in the private sector.

Objectives:

1) To asses the perceived barriers for

noncompliance of immunization by the

parents of 0- 5 years of children.

2) To associate the perceived barrier with


Methodology

The study was explorative & descriptive

approach .a semi structured interview schedule

was conducted for the participants in Kondwa

urban slum of Pune city.

Setting: Kondwa urban slum of Pune city .

Sample & Sampling Techniques :In this study, the

study samples were selected as per availability and

fulfillment of the pre-set criteria until a desired

sample of hundred was reached. The investigator

had selected Kondwa slum area of Pune city , the

parents having children between the age group

of 0-5 years .

Sample technique: Non probability purposive

sampling.

The tool used was semi-structured interview

schedule modified 4 points likert scale for

assess the perceived barriers for non

compliance of immunization by parent of 0-

5years of childrens.

Technique :Interview schedule technique by means

of questionnaire was thought to be suitable by the

investigator, the tool used for study were close

ended type of questionnaire to explore the barriers

for non compliance of immunization .Tool was

divided into two parts section I & section II.

Section 1: Demographic data comprising of 8

items.{ personal data of parent, Personal data of

child}

Section 2: Semi-structured interview schedule

consisting of 30 items on barriers of

immunization. The major aspects considered

knowledge barriers, importance of

immunization barriers, service deliver barriers,

emotional barriers, geographic barriers, social

support barriers.

The data collection was done in two stages ,

administration of the questionnaire to the

groups of parent who are having children



between the age group of 0-5 years and the

answers received through the questionnaire

were assessed and based on their answers the

perceive barriers of non compliance of

Immunization were identified by the

investigator.

Results

Majority of the respondents found in educational

level31(31%) of them were had completed primary

education, 72(72%) of them were from nuclear

family, 46(46%) of them were from family income

group 5001-7000, 82(82%) of the families the

immunization was completed whereas for

remaining 18(18%) of the families the immunization

status was not completed.

Overall results of perceived barriers for

noncompliance of immunization:-

Knowledge barriers:-

Above table and graph indicates that 35.8% of

the responses were “agree” with knowledge

barriers and 64.2% of the responses were

“disagree”

Importance of immunization barriers:-

Similarly 13.6% of the responses were “agree”

with importance of immunization barriers and

86.4% of the responses were “disagree”

Service delivers barriers:-

Result also shows that 3.4% of the responses

were “agree” with service deliver barriers and

96.6% of the responses were “disagree”

Emotional barriers:-

Similarly result shows that 20.4% of the

responses were “agree” with Emotional


“disagree” Geographic barriers:-

Result also shows that 8% of the

responses were “agree” with geographic

barriers and 92% of the responses were

“disagree” Social support barriers:-

Similarly the result shows that 5.6% of the

responses were “agree” with social support


“disagree”

References

1. Adler, A, Herring,E., (2007), Parent-

dependent barriers to varicella

immunization in Israel: the importance

of adequate information, Acta Pediatric,

volume 96, pp no. 428–431.

2. Agarwal S, Bhanot A, (2005),

Understanding and addressing

childhood immunization coverage in

urban slums. Indian Pediatric,

pp.no.653-63

3. Ahmet Topuzoğlu,Pinar AY,(2006)

,Carried out a study titled as the barriers

against childhood immunizations: a

qualitative research among socio-

economically disadvantaged mothers.

European Journal of Public Health ,

Volume 17, pp no . 348-352.

4. Ashwin dalal, Silveira M.P, (2005),

review the immunization status of

children in goa, indian pediatrics

volume 42, pp no.402

http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Ahmet+Topuzo%C4%9Flu&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Pinar+Ay&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/4.toc



Knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder among Health Professionals

Ms. Sheela Upendra

Ph.D scholar,

Dr. D Y Patil College of Nursing,

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the knowledge of health professionals on Autism

Spectrum disorder. In addition, this study attempted to find out if there any significant comparison

among the health professionals. Fifty Nurses and Fifty Doctors were selected by non-probability

convenience sampling technique, falling under inclusion criteria during the period of study. Tool was

divided in two sections. Part – I: Included the demographic variables and part II had structured

questionnaire on Autism Spectrum disorder had 65 items. 90% of nurses had not attended any training

related to Autism Spectrum disorder and 26% of doctors have attended training related Autism

Spectrum disorder .Doctors are more knowledgeable than nurses. The ‘t’ value is 5.790. The p value is

< 0.00001 and the result is significant at p < 0.05.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction:

Autism is a disorder of neural developmental

disorder characterized by impaired social

interaction and communication and by

restricted and repetitive behavior. The

neurological disorder sets in with the first three

years of life and impacts on information

processing in the brain by altering how nerve

cells and their synapses connect and organize.[1]

The etiology of autism is still unclear but recent

studies suggest that genetics play a major role

in conferring susceptibility. In autistic children,

losses of language and/or social skills occur

during the second year of life, usually between

15 and 21 months of age. Co-morbidity with

mental retardation, epilepsy, disruptive

behaviors and learning difficulty is very

common. Although there is currently no known

cure for autism there is evidence to suggest that

early intervention therapy can improve

functioning of autistic children.[2]

A study was conducted to assess the incidence

of childhood autism. Cumulative incidence up

to age 5 years was calculated for childhood

autism among a birth cohort from four

successive years (1988 to 1991). The

cumulative incidence recorded was 27.2 per

10,000 populations and by sex were 38.4 per

10,000 in males, and 15.5 per 10,000 in

females. The proportions of children with high-

functioning autism who had Binet IQs of 70 and

over and those with Binet IQs of 85 and over

were 25.3% and 13.7% respectively [3]

Statement of the problem: “A comparative

study to assess the knowledge on Autism

spectrum disorder among health professionals

of selected hospitals of Pune city.



Objectives:

To assess the knowledge of Nurses on

Autism Spectrum disorder

To assess the knowledge of Doctors on

Autism Spectrum disorder.

To compare the knowledge of Nurses

and Doctors on Autism Spectrum

disorder.

Material and Method: Non experimental

approach and descriptive research design was

adopted for the study. Fifty Nurses and Fifty

Doctors were selected by non-probability

convenience sampling technique, falling under

inclusion criteria during the period of study. A

formal written permission was obtained from

administrative dept. of hospital .Consent was

obtained from participants by explaining the

purpose of the study. Tool was divided in two

sections. Part – I: Included the demographic

variables and part II had structured

questionnaire on Autism Spectrum disorder had

65 items. The data collected was organized and

analysed according to the objectives of the

study using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Result:

Section –I Description of samples according to

Demographic characteristics

Majority of nurses and doctors found to

be more than 35years of category and

least number was found in the 20-

25years of category.

Most of the nurses were females and

most of the doctors were from the male

category.

Majority of nurses were more than 10

years of experiences and majority of

doctors were from 5.1 -10 years of

experience category.

90% of nurses had not attended any

training related to Autism Spectrum

disorder and 26% of doctors have

attended training related Autism

Spectrum disorder .

Majority of the nurses, 78% had not

exposure with the child with autism ,

and 88% of doctors had come across

with child with Autism spectrum

disorder.

Section II: Analysis of data related to the level

of knowledge of nurses and doctors on Autism

Spectrum disorder.

Knowledge score Freque

ncy(f)

Percenta

ge ( %)

0-22 ( Poor) Nurses 27 54

Doctors 06 12

23-45 (Average) Nurses 19 38

Doctors 34 68

46-65 ( Good) Nurses 04 08

Doctors 10 20

Table 1: level of knowledge of nurses and

doctors on Autism Spectrum disorder.



Fig 1.Comparative analysis on knowledge on

Austism among Health Professionals

Section III

Comparison of Health professional’s

knowledge on Autism Spectrum disorder.

The knowledge scores of Autism Spectrum

disorder were compared with health

professionals ( Nurses and doctors) . The ‘t’

value was calculated to determine the statistical

significance of the difference. The ‘t’ value is

5.790. The p value is < 0.00001 and the result is

significant at p < 0.05.

Discussion:

In the present study it was found that Doctors

were more knowledgeable than nurses whereas

study done on preschool teachers knowledge

showed the result that there average knowledge

score in the pre-test was 20.7 which changed to

38.4 after the use of self-instructional module.

The self-instructional module has improved the

knowledge on Autism of the pre-school

significantly.[4]

A study revealed the pre school teachers had

considerably poor knowledge ( 96.7%)

regarding Autism. The enhancement is greatly

required on all the aspects of Autism.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that 90% of nurses

had not attended any training related to Autism

Spectrum disorder and 26% of doctors have

attended training related Autism Spectrum

disorder .Doctors are more knowledgeable than

nurses. The ‘t’ value is 5.790. The p value is <

0.00001 and the result is significant at p < 0.05

Reference

1. Autism. [online]. 2010 [2010 Jul 17];[16

screens]. Available from:

URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aitism

2. Karande S. Autism:A review for family

Physician. [online]. 2006 may; 60(5): 205-

15. Available from: URL:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

3. Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., Imai, M. and

Nitto, Y. Cumulative incidence of

childhood autism: a total population study

of better accuracy and precision.

Developmental Medicine & Child

Neurology 2007 Feb 28; 47: 10–18.

4. Upendra sheela. Effectiveness of self

instructional module on knowledge of

Autism among Pre school teachers.

International Journal of nursing education ,

7 (2) ;2015 ,P 199-200

5. Upendra Sheela . Knowledge of Autism

among PreSchool teachers . Sinhgad e-

Journal of Nursing, 3(2) ; Dec 2013,P 6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Re

spo

nd

en

ts (

%)

Level of knowledge

Nurses

Docters

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aitismhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nl

INDEX [] · 2015. 8. 5. · Nirmal Kumar Meena , Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur....

Documents

Transcript of INDEX [] · 2015. 8. 5. · Nirmal Kumar Meena , Nursing Tutor ,College of Nursing AIIMS, Jodhpur....