Impending Crisis & Civil War

I. Crises

A. Fight

B. Scott

C. Harpers Ferry

D. Election

A. Candidates

B. Results

II. War (1861-65)

A. Fort Sumter

B. After…

Key Terms

• Brooks vs. Sumner

• Dred Scott Decision• John Brown’s Raid• 1860 Election• Border States• Emancipation

Proclamation

Brooks vs. Sumner-1856(Tensions Continued To Rise)

• Senator Charles Sumner & Representative Preston Brooks fought on the floor of the US Senate.

Dred Scott Case (1857)

Resided in Illinois (free state) & Wisconsin (a territory made free by Congress) for many years.

Dred Scott

(A Slave)

He sued to obtain his freedom.

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

1. Scott was not freed

2. Slaves (& all blacks) were denied citizenship rights; slaves = property

Congress cannot prohibit slavery anywhere (only states have this power)

Roger Taney(1777-1864)

Chief Justice

Impact Of Dred Scott

1. Infuriated Northerners as they feared slavery could expand to new areas.

2. Demonstrated slavery was a NATIONAL problem; not just Southern.

John Brown’s Raid(1859)

• Brown was an abolitionist

• Raided the federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, VA.

• Goal: Take munitions & lead a slave rebellion

• He was captured & executed

1800-1859

John Brown’s Raid(1859)

Officer who led capture of Brown

Robert E. Lee

Brown on trial

Impact Of John Brown’s Raid

• It made Southerners fearful that maybe ALL in the North were abolitionists.

• A final straw…?

1860 Election

Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat)

•Supported expansion of slavery into territories

John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat)

•Supported Popular Sovereignty

Abraham Lincoln (Republican)

•Allow slavery to remain where it already exists; but no new expansion

John Bell (Constitutional Union)

•Stood for Constitution, Union, & enforcement of laws

Following Lincoln’s Victory

• Seven states seceded (even before his inauguration)– Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama,

Georgia, South Carolina & Florida

Fighting Begins

• Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight for Union following attack on Fort Sumter (April, 1861).

• Four more Southern states seceded.– Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee

Border States

• Slave states which remained loyal to the Union.

• Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware

Emancipation Proclamation(Effective 1/1/1863)

• Declared that slaves residing in states in rebellion against the Union were freed.

• It did not free any slaves in the states that remained loyal to the Union.

1862

Results of the Civil War(1861-1865)

1. Slavery ended—but what about the newly freed slaves?

2. More than 600,000 Americans died• WWII: 209 deaths per 100,000 (total pop)• Civil War: 2,000 deaths per 100,000 (total

pop)3. Much of the South was destroyed—how would it

be rebuilt?

Impending Crisis & Civil War

I. Crises

A. Fight

B. Scott

C. Harpers Ferry

D. Election

A. Candidates

B. Results

II. War (1861-65)

A. Fort Sumter

B. After…

Key Terms

• Brooks vs. Sumner

• Dred Scott Decision• John Brown’s Raid• 1860 Election• Border States• Emancipation

Proclamation