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Bones of Bones of The LimbsThe Limbsdr. Dea Amandadr. Dea Amanda
The Axial & Appendicular The Axial & Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton
Slide 5.20b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.6
Bones of the Upper Bones of the Upper LimbsLimbs
Tdd:• Gelang bahu:
clavicula, scapulafs: melekatkan tlg lengan ke rangka axial
• Bones of free upper limb– Humerus
(brachialis)– Radius & ulna (ante
brachii) – Carpal,
metacarpals, & phalanges (manus)
brachialis
antebrachium
Cingulum
pectorale
manus
Clavicula.Clavicula.
. .
= collar bone• “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward &
lateral 1/3 convex backward• Batas:
– Medial: sternum– Lateral: acromion
Tampak atas
Clavicula (D)
Corpus claviculae
Facies articularis sternalis
Facies articularis acromialis
Scapula.Scapula...
= tulang belikatBorders (3)• Margo Superior:
mengarah ke ujung bahu– Prosesus
coracoideus: tonjolan brbtk kait, fs: tempat prlekatan otot ddg dada & lengan
• Margo Lateralis mengarah ke lengan
• Margo Medialis paralel dg columna vertebralis
Margo superio
r
Proc. coracoide
us
Margo medialis
Margo laterali
s
Surfaces (2)• Facies Anterior
(a) (=costalis)
• Facies Posterior (b):– spina scapulae (c)
awal di margo vert, melebar saat dkt bahu, mjd:
– acromion (d) artikulasi dg clavicula
b
a
c
d
HumerusHumerus
....Anterior:• Upper end:
– caput humeri (a)msk ke dlm fossa glenoidalis skapula,
– collum anatomicum (b),
– collum chirurgicum (c) – tuberculum majus &
minus
Humerus (D) Tampak anterior
d
c
b
a
HumerusHumerus
....Anterior:• Corpus humeri:
– tuberositas deltoidea (d) perlekatan otot deltoid
• Lower end: – epicondylus lateralis
(e) & medialis (f) – fossa coronoidea (g), – fossa radialis (h)– Condylus humeri (i)
Humerus (D) Tampak anterior
d
c
b
a
e f
i
Humerus..Humerus..Posterior• Upper end: idem• Lower end:
epicondylus lateralis & medialis, fossa olecrani (*)
f e
*
Radius.Radius...
• Upper end: – caput radii, – collum radii, – tuberositas radii perlekatan otot
bisep
• Lower end: – processus styloideus (lateral), – facies articularis carpalis (inferior)
Fracture of the distal end Fracture of the distal end of the radius..of the radius..
Ulna.Ulna...• Upper end:
– olecranon (a)– Processus
coronoideus (b)– Incisura radialis (c)
• Lower end – Processus styloideus
ulnae (d)– caput ulnae (e)
a
cb
e
d
Carpal bones (8)• Proximal: (lateral medial) scaphoid,
lunate, triquetral & pisiform• Distal row : (lateral medial)
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
Metacarpal bones (5)• Numbered one to five from thumb to
little finger• Structure of each―base (proximally),
shaft, and head (distally)
Phalanges of fingers (14)• Consist of 14 ―two for first digit
(thumb) and three for each of other four digits
• Structure of each ―base (proximally), shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally), tuberosity of distal phalanx
Bones of the Lower Bones of the Lower LimbsLimbs
Composition: • Gelang panggul
(=cingulum pelvicum): os coxae• Bones of free lower
limb:– Femur in thigh – Patella (genu)– Tibia & fibula (cruris)– Tarsals, metatarsals,
phalanges (pedis)
Hip BoneHip Bone (=cingulum (=cingulum
pelvis)pelvis) = os coxae• Tdd 3 tulang (fused):
– os ilium, os ischium, os pubis
• Fungsi:– Transmisi BB ke tungkai
bwh– Melindungi organ2 pelvis &
abdomen
• Artikulasi:– Anterior: simfisis pubis– Posterior: dg sakrum
HIP BONE HIP BONE • Ilium
– Membentuk 2/5 bag. Acetabulum (a)
– Lempeng tulang lebar– Batas atas: crista iliaca– Ujung ant.krista: spina
iliaka anterior superior (SIAS) b
– Ujung post.krista: spina iliaka posterior superior c
a
c
b
Os ilium
• Ischium– Membentuk 2/5 bag. acetabulum
(posterior & inferior)– Menyangga saat duduk
– Ramus of ischium(a), ischial tuberosity(b)
• Pubis– Membentuk 1/5 bag. acetabulum
(anterior & inferior) – Menyatu dg pasangannya di
simfisis pubisTdd:– Ramus superior & inferior
mbentuk foramen obturatorium (#)
Os pubi
s
Os ischiu
m
#
a
b
Femur..Femur..=tulang pahaTerpanjangTerkuatTerberat
Femur (D) Tampak anterior
Femur (D) Tampak
posterior
Femur.. Femur.. (2)(2)
• Ujung proximal:– Caput femoris (a) – collum femoris (b)– trochanter mayor
(c)– trochanter minor
(d)
• Corpus femoris:– Linea aspera (e)
(post)
Femur (D) Tampak anterior
Femur (D) Tampak
posterior
a
b
c c
d
e
Femur.. Femur.. (3)(3)
• Ujung distal:– Condylus
medialis (a) & lateralis (b),
– facies patellaris (c) (anterior),
– fossa intercondylaris (d) (post)
– facies poplitea (e)
Femur (D) Tampak anterior
Femur (D) Tampak
posterior
b
e
cd
a
Fracture of the femoral Fracture of the femoral neck..neck..
Patella.Patella.
..
= tempurung lutut• triangular• Bagian:
– Basis patella– Apex patella– Facies anterior– Facies articularis
Tungkai Tungkai Bawah..Bawah..
Tdd:• Tibia
– Medial – > besar– Menyangga berat
badan
• Fibula – Lateral– ≠ Ikut menopang
berat badan– Fs: menambah area u/
perlekatan otot
Tibia
Fibula
Tibia..Tibia..• Proximal:
– Kondilus medialis (a)– Kondilus lateralis (b)– Tuberositas tibia (c)
(anterior) u/ perlekatan lig. patella
• Corpus tibia:– Krista tibia (d) (ant)
• Distal:– Malleolus medialis (e)
pergelangan kaki medial
Tibia (D) tampak anterior
Tibia (D) tampak posterior
b a
c
d
e
Fibula.Fibula.
..
• Proximal: – caput fibula (a)– collum fibula (b)
• Corpus fibula:– margo interosseus (c)
• Distal: – malleolus lateralis
(d) (dpt diraba di ankle)
Fibula (D) tampak lateral
a
b
c
d
Tarsal.Tarsal...
Tdd 7 tulang pendek, tersusun dlm 3 baris:
• Posteriortalus, calcaneus
• Intermediate navicular bone
• Anterioros cuneiforme mediale, intermedium, & laterale; os cuboideum
Metatarsal.Metatarsal.
. . • Tdd 5 tlg, numbered one to
five medial to lateral• Struktur: base (proximal),
shaft, & head (distal) in each
Phalanges of toes• Tdd 14―two for first toe
(hallux) and three for each of other four toes
TTHHAANNKK
YYOOUU!!!!