Post on 02-Jun-2018
8/10/2019 IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards
1/5
1. "Is WarinSight?"
On Bismarck's instruction, this article was writtenand appeared in the Berlin Post on April 8, 1875.It caused a war scare and showed Bismarck thatBritain and Russia would come to France's aid inthe case of war, to preserve the status quo.
2. 13 This was the number of delegates the SDP gainedduring the election of 1884
3. 25 the # of states in the German Empire in 1871
4. 500millionfrancsand 500thousandrifles
On November 1888, France agreed to give this toRussia as a friendly agreement
5. 1699 This was the year in which the Ottoman Empirelost Hungary to Austria, it began the processofTurkish territorial disintegration
6. 1864 The year in which the Syllabus of Errors wasdeclared
7. 1870 The year in which the dogma of papal infallibility was proclaimed
8. 1871 The year when the German Empire wasestablished
9. 1871 On this year, the Center Party gained 61 seats inthe Reichstag and became the second largestparty. Bismarck saw this as a threat.
10. 1872 The Jesuits were expelled from Germany on this
year, as part of the Kulturkampf 11. 1878 This was the year in which two attempts were
launched on the emperor's life
12. 1879 The year in which Bismarck abandoned theLiberals, and supported a conservativeprotectionist tariff
13. 1886 On this year, despite the SDP's gains in 1884,Bismarck managed to renew the Anti-socialistlaws
14. 1890 The year in which WIlhelm II "dropped the pilot"meaning he forced Bismarck to retire
15. 1890 This was the year in which Bismarck's anti-socialist bill was defeated in parliament, and alsothe year in which the SDP went from 11 seats to35. It marked the end of Bisamrck's anti-socialistcrusade
16. 1892 This was the year on which the Franco-Russianalliance was concluded (Hint: After Bismarck wasfired in 1890. Would it have still happened if Bismarck had still been in power? WHOKNOWS???)
17. Abdul Hamid II sultan who ruled Ottoman empire from1876- 1909. young Turks deposed himand sent him to exile. In power, hesuspended the constitution, dissolvedparliament, exiled liberals, and executedothers.
18. Alexander II the son of Nicholas I, czar of Russia from1818 to1881
19. Alsace-Lorraine A mineral rich region wh ich Germany took from France after the Franco-Prussian War
20. ambassadorshipin St. Petersburg
Bismarck noted the rise of revolutionary and Pan-Slav movements during his ......
21. Andrassy The Austrian foreign minister whoBismarck signed the Dual Alliance withon October 7, 1879
22. Antisocialistlaws
The 2nd of Bismarck's domestic policies.Laws which punished socialists, asBismarck was suspicious of sociali sm.
23. assassinationattempts
Two of these, on the emperor, gaveBismarck his excuse to enact anti-socialist laws.
24. August Bebel One of the Marxist leaders of the GermanSocial Democratic Party. He explained,"Pure negation would not be accepted by the voters. The masses demand thatsomething should be done for today irrespective of what will happen on the
morrow." He was the guiding light of theGerman Social Democrats.
25. Austria On October 1876, when the Russiansasked Bismarck who he would support inthe event of a Balkan Crisis, Bismarck said he would support the nation of ......
26. Austria andRussia
Bismarck's second goal in his foreignpolicy was to keep these two countriesfrom fighting
27. the Balkans Russian and Austrian interests clashedhere, which was a source of conflict
28. Black SeaClauses
Bismarck bribes Russia to stay neutralduring the Franco-Prussian War by saying they would support them againstthis
29. Bosnia andHerzegovina
Austria wanted this, Russia ag reed they could have it in return for them stayingneutral during the Russo-Turkish War
30. Bruce Waller ~HISTORIOGRAPHY~ This famoushistorian argued that Bismarck "createdand preserved tension"
IB History: Bismarck's Domestic and Foreign PolicyStudy online at quizlet.com/_bnmfr
8/10/2019 IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards
2/5
31. Bulgaria A crisis occured in this nation in 1885. A new faction emerged which was strongly anti-Russian, and Russia refused to recognize it.
Austria was drawn in because Serbia declared war. Larger war almost broke out but was notdeclared because of the First Mediterranean
Agreement.
32. Bulgarianmassacres
These occurred after the insurrection of 1875, where the Turks bloddily suppressed aBulgarian insurrection, it made Pan-Slavistsin Russia really really mad
33. capitulations These were benefits enjoyed by WesternEuropeans in the Ottoman Empire due totreaties
34. Center Party Bismarck was highly suspicious of this party due to its Catholic elements
35. Churchproperty
This was confiscated by the state as part of theKulturkampf
36. commonlanguage andculture
These factors helped Germany maintain aclose relationship with Austria
37. The Crimean War
This war in the 1850's exposed Ottoman weakness
38. theDardanelles
these straits were controlled by the Ottomansand marked the passageway between theMediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, Russia
wanted control of them, Britain wanted tomake sure Russia didn't have control of them
39. di rective of November10, 1887
Bismarck supported this, which forbade theplacing of Russian loans and the acceptanceof Russian securities in Germany, whichmade Russia turn economically to France
40. Disraeli British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canaland made Queen Victoria the empress of India(1804-1881)
41. dissolutionof theReichstag in1878
This marked the end of the liberal era
42. DoesGermany NeedColonies?
This was the pamphlet that Fabri wroteadvocating German colonization
43. dogma of papalinfallibility
The church stance in 1870 which sa id thechurch was never wrong
44. Dual Alliance
This alliance in October 1879 was a secretdefense treaty between Germany and Austria,agains t Russian agression. Also said the other
would stay neutral in the event ofa war between another power. Bismarck used thisalliance to indirectly control Austrian policy.
45. EasternCrisis of 1875-1878
This is the term to describe the cris in theBalkans between 1875 and 1878
46. The EasternQuestion
this is a phrase to describe the long decline of the Ottomans and what to do about it, Mrs.
Ainsworth will probably like it if you use thisand give you lots of extra points
47. economiccrisis of 1873
This event led to calls for protectionism inGermany
48. election of 1884
This event show ed the failure of Bismarck'santi-socialist poilicies as the SDP ga ined 13delegates and more than 100,000 votes
49. elections of 1874
This event proved that the Kulturkampf wasineffective, as the Center Party did not lose
votes but instead gained 30 seats
50. Europe After Bismarck's three wars, he decided topursue peace not just for Germany, but for allof .....
51. exceptionallaw
Bismarck wanted to pass this, with the help of the conservatives, in order to fully outlaw theSDP, but it failed.
52. extensiveRussianconstruction
This was occurring on Germany's east border,it disturbed many Germans such as Moltke
who believed a Russo-German war wasinevitable
53. Falk Prussian minister of education who supportedthe Kulturkampf, his resignation in June 1880made it easier for Bismarck to fully abandonthe Kulturkampf
54. the Falk Laws
These laws were part of the Kulturkampf, they restricted the training and employment of priests, limited the disciplinary powers of theChurch and made civil marriage from the stateobligatory
55. FerdinandLasalle
German philosopher and socialist (1825-1864)
56. the finestexample of diplomaticduplicity
The Reinsurance Treaty between Germany andRussia was called this in subsequent years,
because it seemed to conflict with Bismark'sother treaties
8/10/2019 IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards
3/5
57. FirstMediterranean
Agreement
Signed in 1887, averted war in the Balkans.During the Bulgarian crisis Austria andRussia supported different candidates forthe throne. Austria asked for German help
but Bismarck did not want to get involved,so Bismarck supported this alliance
between Austria, Britain, and otherMediterranean countries as an alternative.
58. five billionfrancs
This was how much France had to pay Germany as a war indemnity after theFranco-Prussian war
59. fourth battallion
In 1875, After their defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, France added this to eachregiment in their army to make it stronger
60. France All those German tariffs and loan refusalsmade Russia turn to this nation foreconomic support
61. France This country remained bitter at Germany fortheir defeat in the Franco-Prussian Warand for the taking of Alsace-Lorraine, andBismarck tried to isolate themdiplomatically
62. France Bismarck's main goal in his foreign policy was to isolate ....
63. Frederick III German Emperor who was king for 99 daysin 1888, then died of cancer and the throne
went to Wilhelm II
64. FriedrichFabri
This man advocated German colonization because he said Germany had a culturalmission
65. GeneralBoulanger
French minister of war, symbol and rallyingpoint of the anti-German and pro-Russia nmovement in France
66. GermanEmpire
An empire which was formed in 1871 underKaiser Wilhelm I, also called the SecondReich
67. German SocialDemocrats
Party based on Marxism and the followersof Lassalle
68. German Worker'sInsuranceLaws
Bismarck supported this legislation in the1880's, hoping to draw workers away fromsocialism and to the state
69. Germany This nation was not as liberal or democraticas England or France, due in large part tothe actions of Bismarck
70. Gladstone British prime minister elected in April 1880,changed foreign policy and made analliance with Austria impossible
71. Gotha The city where the SDP was founded onMay 22, 1875
72. Heinrich vonTreitschke
German historian in the 19th century who advocated German na tionalismand militarism. He believed theGerman race was really awesome, thatonly strong and powerful nationsshould exist, that war is oftennecessary, and he also hated theEnglish and Jews.
73. honest broker Bismarck described himself as this atthe Congress of Berlin
74. Ischl and Salzburg German and Austrian emperors anddiplomats met here in 1871 to repairrelations and pursue a future alliance
75. Jesuits In 1872, this group was expelled fromGermany as part of the Kulturkampf
76. July 1875 The month and year in which aninsurrection broke out in the Balkansagainst Turkish rule
77. June 13, 1878 This was the exact date of theCongress of Berlin
78. June 18, 1881 The exact date on which the ThreeEmperor's League was renewed. It only
worked because the Austrians believedGermany would support them in theevent of an Austro-Russian war, andthe Russians believed they would not.Bismarck did his best to keep it that
way.
79. Kulturkampf The 1st of Bismarck's domesticpolicies. An extreme church vs. state
conflict wa ged by Bismark in Germany during the 1870's in response to aperceived threat to German politicalunity from the Roman Catholic church.He called it a "battle for civilization."
80. Kultusministerium The Prussian ministry which wasmainly responsible for the waging of the Kulturkampf.
81. League of Patriots French group, led by Paul Droulde, which preached revenge agains tGermany
82. May 22, 1875 The exact date when the SDP wasfounded in Germany, at Gotha
83. May 1873 The month and year in which military agreements between Germany andRussia were first created after theformation of the German Empire,
would eventually led to the ThreeEmperor's League
84. National Liberals Bismarck al lied with this party to try toenact his Kulturkampf in the new empire
8/10/2019 IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards
4/5
85. nationalsentiment
Bismarck mainly used German colonies notas a basis for Germany's claim to a status asa world power, but rather as a way of stirringup and exploiting .... ...
86. October 7,1879
The exact date on wh ich the Dual Alliance was signed
87. October 19,
1878
This was the exact date in which Bismarck
managed to pass an anti-socialist billthrough the Reichstag, which was not aspowerful as he had hoped because it failed toprevent SDP members from running foroffice
88. Otto vonBismarck
Prussian statesman who was greatly responsible for the consolidation of theGerman Empire
89. OttomanEmpire
The decline of this empire increased thepossibility for tensions in the Balkans
90. Pan-Slavism It was a movement aimed to unite and
promote independence of Slavic people. Itsfocus was in the Balkans where South Slavs were ruled by other territories, such as theOttoman Empire. Russia used this as anexcuse to invade the Ottoman Empire.
91. ParisCommune
Bismarck greatly disliked socialism, and hesaw it as being similar to the ...... in France
92. ParisCommune
This was established by a group of Frenchradical patriots who refused to give up in theFranco-Prussian War, and wanted toindependently rule Paris . Didn't want to giveup Alsace-Lorraine. Eventually the French
army to crush commune, 20,000 ppl died.93. parliamentary
systemBismarck did not trust any nation which hadthis as its government, because he did nottrust the general people to make sounddecisions
94. PaulDroulde
Leader of the French League of Patriots,preached revenge against Germany andadvocated an alliance with Russia
95. personalletters to theczar
Bismarck had the emperor write these toconvince Russia of Germany's support forthem
96. Pope Pius IX This pope died in 1878, his death made iteasier for Bismarck to abadon theKulturkampf
97. preventive war
Many Germans, such as Moltke, wanted thisagains t Russia
98. pulpit articleof November1871
This measure in the Kulturkampf forbadeclergymen from making politicalproclomations
99. Radowitz This German diplomat alarmed the French when he was sent to St. Petersburg in 1875, because the French believed he had been sentto secure Russian support in a war againstFrance.
100. Reichstag The lower chamber of the German Empire'sparliament, elected by universal suffrage
101. ReinsuranceTreaty
The purpose of the this German-Russiantreaty was because Russia had refused torenew the Alliance of the Three Emperors.Bismarck craftily substituted this treaty, by
which both states promised neutrality if theother was attacked. It was ended in 1890
because the new Emperor Wilhelm II(William II) of Germany had dismissedBismarck. Then he had refused to renew thetreaty.
102. republic Bismarck made France into this after theFranco-Prussian War because he believed no
monarchica l government in Europe wouldenter in an alliance with one
103. resign Bismarck had to threaten to ........ in order toconvince Kaiser Wilhelm I to sign the Dual
Allia nce, because the Kaiser was used to theHohenzollern tradition of friendship wasRussia
104. a rider anda horse
This was the phrase BIsmarck used todescribe how he saw alliances, where onenation controlled another
105. Romania Austria made a treaty with this nation in 1883
against Russian aggression106. Russia This country was furious at the Bismarck for
what they considered a diplomatic defeat atthe Congress of Berlin, and so the ThreeEmperor's League was dissolved
107. Russiangrain
Germany passed export tariffs on this in 1878 which angered Russia as it slowed down theireconomy
108. Russo-Turkish
War
(1877-1878) War that resulted from Russianexpansion into the Ottoman Empire, it wasended by the Treaty of Sans Stefano. Russiansclaimed they wanted to aid the Slavs in theBalkans but also wanted control of theDardanelles for a warm-water port.
109. safeguardthe peace
This was Bismarck's main goal at theCongress of Berlin
110. satiated After Bismarck's three wars, as far asBismarck was concerned Germany was .....
111. Schoebrunn In June 1873 negotiations between Austriaand Russia took place in this city, this wouldhelp form the Three Emperor's League
8/10/2019 IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards
5/5
112. September1873
The month and year in which German troopshad to evacuate France because France hadmanaged to pay off the five billion francindemnity
113. Septennat This was Bismarck's army bill in 1886, i t failed because the SDP opposed it, as a resultBismarck dissolved the Reichstag again
114. Serbia Austria made a treaty with this nation in 1881115. sick man of
EuropeThis was the nickname for the OttomanEmpire
116. Skobelev Russian military hero who in 1882 madespeeches in Paris saying the Slavs andGermans were incompatible, this alarmedBismarck and led him to create the Triple
Alliance as a safeguard against a Franco-Russian a lliance.
117. SocialDemocratic
LaborParty of Germany
The full name for the SDP, the party formed onMay 22, 1875, at Gotha, to advance socialism
in Germany
118. a source of weaknessrather thanstrength
Bismarck wrote to Wilhelm I in 1873 sayingthat colonies were .......
119. statesocialism
The 3rd of Bismarck's domestic policies, thisprogram of social legislation was intended todraw workers away from socialism and to thestate
120. Syllabus of Errors
A church proclamation in 1864 which sa idgovernments should not in terfere in churchaffairs
121. tariffs One of the main reasons's Bismarck'sKulturkampf was unsuccesful was becausemany conservatives joined the Center Party,
because they were in support of
122. Thiers French leader of the National Assembly thatordered the army into Paris to crush theCommune; did this even though he was aliberal, because he was a lso a nationalist, fellout of power in 1873
123. ThreeEmperor'sLeague
a conservative alliance formed by Bismarck in1873 to link the conservative monarchs of
Austria, Russia, and Germany agains t radicalmovements, and to preserve the status quo.Bismarck also used this alliance to defendGermany agains t France and to try to preventconflict between Austria and Russia in theBalkans
124. ThreeEmperor'sLeague
This alliance helped Bismarck to avoid aunilateral commitment to either Austria orRussia
125. Treaty of SanStefano
This March 3, 1878 treaty put upon the OttomanEmpire by the Russians forced Turkey to cedestrategic territories south of the Caucasus toTurkey, so that Russia would have two avenues toattack in the future, and forced the Ottomans togive full independence to Serbia and Romania andgrant autonomy to Bulgaria which was expected tofall under Russian influence. The British were the
most furious at this treaty to which the word"jingoism" was added to the English language.
126. Triple Alliance
Secret defense treaty in 1882, renewed on 1885, between Germany, Austria, and Italy, to beactivated if any of the mebers were attacked by France. Italy also agreed to remain neutral in thecase of an Austro-Russian war.
127. Tunis Italy had lost this to France and were thusconcerned about French imperialism, this soughtthem to join the Triple Alliance
128. vacuum
of power
The decline of the Ottoman Empire left this in the
Balkans
129. warm waterport
Russia was focused on acquiring one of these, alsocalled an ice-free port
130. WilhelmII
The new kaiser, after Wilhelm I's son Frederick IIIdied of cancer
131. WilhelmII
This kaiser came to power in 1888, removedBisamrck from power in 1890, and pursued a new,more aggressive path for Germany
132. William
Langer
~HISTORIOGRAPHY~ This famous American
scholar in his study "European Alliances and Alignments 1871-1890" argued that Bismarck showed lots of political sense and helped to avert
war
133. YoungTurks
group of revolutionary and nationalistic Turks whorevolted against Ottoman empire, the powers of Europe did not support them as they would upsetthe balance of power if they succeeded in reformingthe Ottoman Empire