IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards

8/10/2019 IB History Bismarck's Foreign Policy Flash Cards

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1. "Is WarinSight?"

On Bismarck's instruction, this article was writtenand appeared in the Berlin Post on April 8, 1875.It caused a war scare and showed Bismarck thatBritain and Russia would come to France's aid inthe case of war, to preserve the status quo.

2. 13 This was the number of delegates the SDP gainedduring the election of 1884

3. 25 the # of states in the German Empire in 1871

4. 500millionfrancsand 500thousandrifles

On November 1888, France agreed to give this toRussia as a friendly agreement

5. 1699 This was the year in which the Ottoman Empirelost Hungary to Austria, it began the processofTurkish territorial disintegration

6. 1864 The year in which the Syllabus of Errors wasdeclared

7. 1870 The year in which the dogma of papal infallibility was proclaimed

8. 1871 The year when the German Empire wasestablished

9. 1871 On this year, the Center Party gained 61 seats inthe Reichstag and became the second largestparty. Bismarck saw this as a threat.

10. 1872 The Jesuits were expelled from Germany on this

year, as part of the Kulturkampf 11. 1878 This was the year in which two attempts were

launched on the emperor's life

12. 1879 The year in which Bismarck abandoned theLiberals, and supported a conservativeprotectionist tariff

13. 1886 On this year, despite the SDP's gains in 1884,Bismarck managed to renew the Anti-socialistlaws

14. 1890 The year in which WIlhelm II "dropped the pilot"meaning he forced Bismarck to retire

15. 1890 This was the year in which Bismarck's anti-socialist bill was defeated in parliament, and alsothe year in which the SDP went from 11 seats to35. It marked the end of Bisamrck's anti-socialistcrusade

16. 1892 This was the year on which the Franco-Russianalliance was concluded (Hint: After Bismarck wasfired in 1890. Would it have still happened if Bismarck had still been in power? WHOKNOWS???)

17. Abdul Hamid II sultan who ruled Ottoman empire from1876- 1909. young Turks deposed himand sent him to exile. In power, hesuspended the constitution, dissolvedparliament, exiled liberals, and executedothers.

18. Alexander II the son of Nicholas I, czar of Russia from1818 to1881

19. Alsace-Lorraine A mineral rich region wh ich Germany took from France after the Franco-Prussian War

20. ambassadorshipin St. Petersburg

Bismarck noted the rise of revolutionary and Pan-Slav movements during his ......

21. Andrassy The Austrian foreign minister whoBismarck signed the Dual Alliance withon October 7, 1879

22. Antisocialistlaws

The 2nd of Bismarck's domestic policies.Laws which punished socialists, asBismarck was suspicious of sociali sm.

23. assassinationattempts

Two of these, on the emperor, gaveBismarck his excuse to enact anti-socialist laws.

24. August Bebel One of the Marxist leaders of the GermanSocial Democratic Party. He explained,"Pure negation would not be accepted by the voters. The masses demand thatsomething should be done for today irrespective of what will happen on the

morrow." He was the guiding light of theGerman Social Democrats.

25. Austria On October 1876, when the Russiansasked Bismarck who he would support inthe event of a Balkan Crisis, Bismarck said he would support the nation of ......

26. Austria andRussia

Bismarck's second goal in his foreignpolicy was to keep these two countriesfrom fighting

27. the Balkans Russian and Austrian interests clashedhere, which was a source of conflict

28. Black SeaClauses

Bismarck bribes Russia to stay neutralduring the Franco-Prussian War by saying they would support them againstthis

29. Bosnia andHerzegovina

Austria wanted this, Russia ag reed they could have it in return for them stayingneutral during the Russo-Turkish War

30. Bruce Waller ~HISTORIOGRAPHY~ This famoushistorian argued that Bismarck "createdand preserved tension"

IB History: Bismarck's Domestic and Foreign PolicyStudy online at quizlet.com/_bnmfr


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31. Bulgaria A crisis occured in this nation in 1885. A new faction emerged which was strongly anti-Russian, and Russia refused to recognize it.

Austria was drawn in because Serbia declared war. Larger war almost broke out but was notdeclared because of the First Mediterranean

Agreement.

32. Bulgarianmassacres

These occurred after the insurrection of 1875, where the Turks bloddily suppressed aBulgarian insurrection, it made Pan-Slavistsin Russia really really mad

33. capitulations These were benefits enjoyed by WesternEuropeans in the Ottoman Empire due totreaties

34. Center Party Bismarck was highly suspicious of this party due to its Catholic elements

35. Churchproperty

This was confiscated by the state as part of theKulturkampf

36. commonlanguage andculture

These factors helped Germany maintain aclose relationship with Austria

37. The Crimean War

This war in the 1850's exposed Ottoman weakness

38. theDardanelles

these straits were controlled by the Ottomansand marked the passageway between theMediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, Russia

wanted control of them, Britain wanted tomake sure Russia didn't have control of them

39. di rective of November10, 1887

Bismarck supported this, which forbade theplacing of Russian loans and the acceptanceof Russian securities in Germany, whichmade Russia turn economically to France

40. Disraeli British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canaland made Queen Victoria the empress of India(1804-1881)

41. dissolutionof theReichstag in1878

This marked the end of the liberal era

42. DoesGermany NeedColonies?

This was the pamphlet that Fabri wroteadvocating German colonization

43. dogma of papalinfallibility

The church stance in 1870 which sa id thechurch was never wrong

44. Dual Alliance

This alliance in October 1879 was a secretdefense treaty between Germany and Austria,agains t Russian agression. Also said the other

would stay neutral in the event ofa war between another power. Bismarck used thisalliance to indirectly control Austrian policy.

45. EasternCrisis of 1875-1878

This is the term to describe the cris in theBalkans between 1875 and 1878

46. The EasternQuestion

this is a phrase to describe the long decline of the Ottomans and what to do about it, Mrs.

Ainsworth will probably like it if you use thisand give you lots of extra points

47. economiccrisis of 1873

This event led to calls for protectionism inGermany

48. election of 1884

This event show ed the failure of Bismarck'santi-socialist poilicies as the SDP ga ined 13delegates and more than 100,000 votes

49. elections of 1874

This event proved that the Kulturkampf wasineffective, as the Center Party did not lose

votes but instead gained 30 seats

50. Europe After Bismarck's three wars, he decided topursue peace not just for Germany, but for allof .....

51. exceptionallaw

Bismarck wanted to pass this, with the help of the conservatives, in order to fully outlaw theSDP, but it failed.

52. extensiveRussianconstruction

This was occurring on Germany's east border,it disturbed many Germans such as Moltke

who believed a Russo-German war wasinevitable

53. Falk Prussian minister of education who supportedthe Kulturkampf, his resignation in June 1880made it easier for Bismarck to fully abandonthe Kulturkampf

54. the Falk Laws

These laws were part of the Kulturkampf, they restricted the training and employment of priests, limited the disciplinary powers of theChurch and made civil marriage from the stateobligatory

55. FerdinandLasalle

German philosopher and socialist (1825-1864)

56. the finestexample of diplomaticduplicity

The Reinsurance Treaty between Germany andRussia was called this in subsequent years,

because it seemed to conflict with Bismark'sother treaties


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57. FirstMediterranean

Agreement

Signed in 1887, averted war in the Balkans.During the Bulgarian crisis Austria andRussia supported different candidates forthe throne. Austria asked for German help

but Bismarck did not want to get involved,so Bismarck supported this alliance

between Austria, Britain, and otherMediterranean countries as an alternative.

58. five billionfrancs

This was how much France had to pay Germany as a war indemnity after theFranco-Prussian war

59. fourth battallion

In 1875, After their defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, France added this to eachregiment in their army to make it stronger

60. France All those German tariffs and loan refusalsmade Russia turn to this nation foreconomic support

61. France This country remained bitter at Germany fortheir defeat in the Franco-Prussian Warand for the taking of Alsace-Lorraine, andBismarck tried to isolate themdiplomatically

62. France Bismarck's main goal in his foreign policy was to isolate ....

63. Frederick III German Emperor who was king for 99 daysin 1888, then died of cancer and the throne

went to Wilhelm II

64. FriedrichFabri

This man advocated German colonization because he said Germany had a culturalmission

65. GeneralBoulanger

French minister of war, symbol and rallyingpoint of the anti-German and pro-Russia nmovement in France

66. GermanEmpire

An empire which was formed in 1871 underKaiser Wilhelm I, also called the SecondReich

67. German SocialDemocrats

Party based on Marxism and the followersof Lassalle

68. German Worker'sInsuranceLaws

Bismarck supported this legislation in the1880's, hoping to draw workers away fromsocialism and to the state

69. Germany This nation was not as liberal or democraticas England or France, due in large part tothe actions of Bismarck

70. Gladstone British prime minister elected in April 1880,changed foreign policy and made analliance with Austria impossible

71. Gotha The city where the SDP was founded onMay 22, 1875

72. Heinrich vonTreitschke

German historian in the 19th century who advocated German na tionalismand militarism. He believed theGerman race was really awesome, thatonly strong and powerful nationsshould exist, that war is oftennecessary, and he also hated theEnglish and Jews.

73. honest broker Bismarck described himself as this atthe Congress of Berlin

74. Ischl and Salzburg German and Austrian emperors anddiplomats met here in 1871 to repairrelations and pursue a future alliance

75. Jesuits In 1872, this group was expelled fromGermany as part of the Kulturkampf

76. July 1875 The month and year in which aninsurrection broke out in the Balkansagainst Turkish rule

77. June 13, 1878 This was the exact date of theCongress of Berlin

78. June 18, 1881 The exact date on which the ThreeEmperor's League was renewed. It only

worked because the Austrians believedGermany would support them in theevent of an Austro-Russian war, andthe Russians believed they would not.Bismarck did his best to keep it that

way.

79. Kulturkampf The 1st of Bismarck's domesticpolicies. An extreme church vs. state

conflict wa ged by Bismark in Germany during the 1870's in response to aperceived threat to German politicalunity from the Roman Catholic church.He called it a "battle for civilization."

80. Kultusministerium The Prussian ministry which wasmainly responsible for the waging of the Kulturkampf.

81. League of Patriots French group, led by Paul Droulde, which preached revenge agains tGermany

82. May 22, 1875 The exact date when the SDP wasfounded in Germany, at Gotha

83. May 1873 The month and year in which military agreements between Germany andRussia were first created after theformation of the German Empire,

would eventually led to the ThreeEmperor's League

84. National Liberals Bismarck al lied with this party to try toenact his Kulturkampf in the new empire


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85. nationalsentiment

Bismarck mainly used German colonies notas a basis for Germany's claim to a status asa world power, but rather as a way of stirringup and exploiting .... ...

86. October 7,1879

The exact date on wh ich the Dual Alliance was signed

87. October 19,

1878

This was the exact date in which Bismarck

managed to pass an anti-socialist billthrough the Reichstag, which was not aspowerful as he had hoped because it failed toprevent SDP members from running foroffice

88. Otto vonBismarck

Prussian statesman who was greatly responsible for the consolidation of theGerman Empire

89. OttomanEmpire

The decline of this empire increased thepossibility for tensions in the Balkans

90. Pan-Slavism It was a movement aimed to unite and

promote independence of Slavic people. Itsfocus was in the Balkans where South Slavs were ruled by other territories, such as theOttoman Empire. Russia used this as anexcuse to invade the Ottoman Empire.

91. ParisCommune

Bismarck greatly disliked socialism, and hesaw it as being similar to the ...... in France

92. ParisCommune

This was established by a group of Frenchradical patriots who refused to give up in theFranco-Prussian War, and wanted toindependently rule Paris . Didn't want to giveup Alsace-Lorraine. Eventually the French

army to crush commune, 20,000 ppl died.93. parliamentary

systemBismarck did not trust any nation which hadthis as its government, because he did nottrust the general people to make sounddecisions

94. PaulDroulde

Leader of the French League of Patriots,preached revenge against Germany andadvocated an alliance with Russia

95. personalletters to theczar

Bismarck had the emperor write these toconvince Russia of Germany's support forthem

96. Pope Pius IX This pope died in 1878, his death made iteasier for Bismarck to abadon theKulturkampf

97. preventive war

Many Germans, such as Moltke, wanted thisagains t Russia

98. pulpit articleof November1871

This measure in the Kulturkampf forbadeclergymen from making politicalproclomations

99. Radowitz This German diplomat alarmed the French when he was sent to St. Petersburg in 1875, because the French believed he had been sentto secure Russian support in a war againstFrance.

100. Reichstag The lower chamber of the German Empire'sparliament, elected by universal suffrage

101. ReinsuranceTreaty

The purpose of the this German-Russiantreaty was because Russia had refused torenew the Alliance of the Three Emperors.Bismarck craftily substituted this treaty, by

which both states promised neutrality if theother was attacked. It was ended in 1890

because the new Emperor Wilhelm II(William II) of Germany had dismissedBismarck. Then he had refused to renew thetreaty.

102. republic Bismarck made France into this after theFranco-Prussian War because he believed no

monarchica l government in Europe wouldenter in an alliance with one

103. resign Bismarck had to threaten to ........ in order toconvince Kaiser Wilhelm I to sign the Dual

Allia nce, because the Kaiser was used to theHohenzollern tradition of friendship wasRussia

104. a rider anda horse

This was the phrase BIsmarck used todescribe how he saw alliances, where onenation controlled another

105. Romania Austria made a treaty with this nation in 1883

against Russian aggression106. Russia This country was furious at the Bismarck for

what they considered a diplomatic defeat atthe Congress of Berlin, and so the ThreeEmperor's League was dissolved

107. Russiangrain

Germany passed export tariffs on this in 1878 which angered Russia as it slowed down theireconomy

108. Russo-Turkish

War

(1877-1878) War that resulted from Russianexpansion into the Ottoman Empire, it wasended by the Treaty of Sans Stefano. Russiansclaimed they wanted to aid the Slavs in theBalkans but also wanted control of theDardanelles for a warm-water port.

109. safeguardthe peace

This was Bismarck's main goal at theCongress of Berlin

110. satiated After Bismarck's three wars, as far asBismarck was concerned Germany was .....

111. Schoebrunn In June 1873 negotiations between Austriaand Russia took place in this city, this wouldhelp form the Three Emperor's League


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112. September1873

The month and year in which German troopshad to evacuate France because France hadmanaged to pay off the five billion francindemnity

113. Septennat This was Bismarck's army bill in 1886, i t failed because the SDP opposed it, as a resultBismarck dissolved the Reichstag again

114. Serbia Austria made a treaty with this nation in 1881115. sick man of

EuropeThis was the nickname for the OttomanEmpire

116. Skobelev Russian military hero who in 1882 madespeeches in Paris saying the Slavs andGermans were incompatible, this alarmedBismarck and led him to create the Triple

Alliance as a safeguard against a Franco-Russian a lliance.

117. SocialDemocratic

LaborParty of Germany

The full name for the SDP, the party formed onMay 22, 1875, at Gotha, to advance socialism

in Germany

118. a source of weaknessrather thanstrength

Bismarck wrote to Wilhelm I in 1873 sayingthat colonies were .......

119. statesocialism

The 3rd of Bismarck's domestic policies, thisprogram of social legislation was intended todraw workers away from socialism and to thestate

120. Syllabus of Errors

A church proclamation in 1864 which sa idgovernments should not in terfere in churchaffairs

121. tariffs One of the main reasons's Bismarck'sKulturkampf was unsuccesful was becausemany conservatives joined the Center Party,

because they were in support of

122. Thiers French leader of the National Assembly thatordered the army into Paris to crush theCommune; did this even though he was aliberal, because he was a lso a nationalist, fellout of power in 1873

123. ThreeEmperor'sLeague

a conservative alliance formed by Bismarck in1873 to link the conservative monarchs of

Austria, Russia, and Germany agains t radicalmovements, and to preserve the status quo.Bismarck also used this alliance to defendGermany agains t France and to try to preventconflict between Austria and Russia in theBalkans

124. ThreeEmperor'sLeague

This alliance helped Bismarck to avoid aunilateral commitment to either Austria orRussia

125. Treaty of SanStefano

This March 3, 1878 treaty put upon the OttomanEmpire by the Russians forced Turkey to cedestrategic territories south of the Caucasus toTurkey, so that Russia would have two avenues toattack in the future, and forced the Ottomans togive full independence to Serbia and Romania andgrant autonomy to Bulgaria which was expected tofall under Russian influence. The British were the

most furious at this treaty to which the word"jingoism" was added to the English language.

126. Triple Alliance

Secret defense treaty in 1882, renewed on 1885, between Germany, Austria, and Italy, to beactivated if any of the mebers were attacked by France. Italy also agreed to remain neutral in thecase of an Austro-Russian war.

127. Tunis Italy had lost this to France and were thusconcerned about French imperialism, this soughtthem to join the Triple Alliance

128. vacuum

of power

The decline of the Ottoman Empire left this in the

Balkans

129. warm waterport

Russia was focused on acquiring one of these, alsocalled an ice-free port

130. WilhelmII

The new kaiser, after Wilhelm I's son Frederick IIIdied of cancer

131. WilhelmII

This kaiser came to power in 1888, removedBisamrck from power in 1890, and pursued a new,more aggressive path for Germany

132. William

Langer

~HISTORIOGRAPHY~ This famous American

scholar in his study "European Alliances and Alignments 1871-1890" argued that Bismarck showed lots of political sense and helped to avert

war

133. YoungTurks

group of revolutionary and nationalistic Turks whorevolted against Ottoman empire, the powers of Europe did not support them as they would upsetthe balance of power if they succeeded in reformingthe Ottoman Empire

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