Hydrosphere: Water

Distribution

1.Think About It…

Why is it that the water in your

bottle could have been drunk by

George Washington?

2. The Hydrosphere: An

Overview…The hydrosphere is…

• ALL the water

on/in/over Earth’s

surface

• (Groundwater,

rivers, lakes,

oceans, clouds) http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg

3. The Hydrosphere: An

Overview…

• You must write 2

notes from the

video.• https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=IPWWojtt3kU

http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg

4. The Structure of Hydrosphere

● Oceans—

about 97% of

water found

here.

Landmasses—

3% of water found

here.

5. Of the Freshwater on Earth…

90% is in the form of

polar ice caps and

glaciers.

http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

Alaska’s Glacier Bay

6. Of the Freshwater on Earth…

Most of the

remaining 10% is

groundwater.

http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

Alaska’s Glacier Bay

7. Of the Freshwater on Earth…

Only a small fraction

is in rivers, streams,

and lakes.

http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

Alaska’s Glacier Bay

8. The World’s Water Supply…• Oceans – 97.2% - thousands of years

• Ice caps and glaciers – 2.15% - tens

of thousands of years

9. The World’s Water Supply…• Groundwater - .31% - hundreds to

thousands of years

• Lakes - .009% - tens of years

10. The World’s Water Supply…

• Atmosphere - .001% - nine days!

• Rivers and streams - .0001% - two

weeks

11. The Water Cycle…The Water Cycle…

http://www.euwfd.com/html/hydrological_cycle.html

12. Watersheds and Stream

Systems…

A stream is runoff water that begins to

flow more permanently in a channel.

13. Watersheds and Stream

Systems…

1. A large stream is called a river.

2. The smaller streams that feed into it

are called tributaries

The Rivers of North Carolina…

14. Fresh Water Locations

Surface Water

● What is the difference between a

watershed and a river basin?

● Both terms describe land that

drains into a river, stream or lake

15. Fresh Water Locations

Surface Water

● River Basin: the term used to

describe an area that drains into

a large river

● Watershed: the term used to

describe an area that drains into

a smaller river or stream

North Carolina Watersheds…

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map.jpg

North Carolina River Basins

16. Watersheds

The watershed of the Mississippi River is

the largest watershed in North America!

http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/lmrsbc/index.html

17.

● Larger river basins are made up of

many interconnected watersheds

● Example: Cape Fear and Neuse

River Basins are made of many

small watersheds

18.

● The water in a watershed runs to

the lowest point—a river, stream,

lake, or ocean

19. Rivers

● What is a river?

● A large channel along which water is

continually flowing down a slope—

made of many streams that come

together

20. Streams

● What is a stream?

● A small channel along which

water is continually flowing

down a slope—made of small

gullies

21. Lakes

● What is a lake?

● A body of water of

considerable size contained

on a body of land

22. Groundwater

● What is groundwater?

● The water found in cracks and

pores in sand, gravel and rocks

below the earth’s surface

23. Groundwater

● What is an aquifer?

● An underground storage area of water

made of permeable rock

● Water has less pollutants

because they are filtered out by

rocks and soil

24. How water moves

underground

● Where does groundwater

come from?

● Precipitation! Precipitation

can evaporate, run off the

surface or soak into the

underground.

25. How water moves

underground

● Where does groundwater

come from?

● Water trickles down

between particles of soil

and through cracks and

spaces in layers of rock.

26. Effects of different materials.

● What are permeable

materials?

● Materials that are full of

tiny, connected air

spaces, that water can

seep through.

27. Effects of different materials.

● What are impermeable

materials?

● Materials such as clay

and granite that water

cannot seep through

easily.

28. Water Zones

3 Types of water zones

●Unsaturated zone

●Water table

●Saturated zone

29. Water Zones

●The unsaturated zone is the layers of soil

and rock above the water table that contain

some moisture AND air. They are not

saturated.

30. Water Zones

●The top of that saturated zone is

called the water table.

31. Water Zones

●The area of permeable rock or soil

that is totally filled with water is

called the saturated zone.

Water Zones

32. Groundwater Storage…

The depth of the water table

varies…

…in swampy areas-

water table is almost

at surface,

…in arid regions -

water table is far

beneath surfaceGreen Swamp, FL

33. Groundwater Storage…If the water table is

❖ high, it is morelikely to flood.

❖ low, it is lesslikely to flood.

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif

34. Groundwater Storage…The water table fluctuates (changes) with the seasons and weather conditions because…

❖ it depends on rain to recharge it

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif

35. Wells

● A water well is a structure created

in the ground by digging or drilling

accessible groundwater in

underground aquifers.

36. Wells

● An aquifer is where the

groundwater is stored underground.

37. Wells

● The well water is drawn up to the

surface by a pump.

38. Other Surface Waters

● What is a wetland?

● An area where the water

table is at, near or above

the land surface long

enough during the year to

support adapted plant

growth

39. Other Surface Waters

● What are the types of wetlands?

● Swamps, bogs, and marshes

● Swamp: a wetland dominated

by trees

● Bogs: a wetland dominated

by peat moss

● Marshes: a wetland

dominated by grasses

Review

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPWW

ojtt3kU

The End

THE END