Hydromet Presentations September 11, 2013

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Tracking the sky… helping thecountry”

PhilippineAtmospheric,

Geophysical andAstronomical

ServicesAdministration

The Philippines, through the PAGASA, is a Member of the World

Meteorological Organization (WMO), a specialized body of the United Nations

The nation’s

meteorological-

hydrological serviceprovider

THUNDERSTORMS

MONSOONS

INTERTROPICAL

CONVERGENCE ZONE

(ITCZ)

TROPICALCYCLONES

COLD FRONTS

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH

THUNDERSTORM:

LIGHTNING (AND THUNDER)

HEAVY RAINFALL

TORNADO

HAIL (Ice Pellets )

(Causes of FLASHFLOODING)

CUMULUS HUMILIS CUMULUS CONGESTUS

CUMULONIMBUS is composed of water droplets at the lower levels and ice crystals athigher levels (where the temperatures are below “O” degrees Celsius).

These cloud types produce uncomfortable weather conditions; heavy rains, hail, lightning,thunder, winds, and even tornadoes.

The strong winds at higher altitudes produce an anvil-shape at the top of cumulonimbusclouds.

Cumulonimbus cloud

(calvus)

ICE CRYSTALS

Cumulonimbus capillatus

MATURE STAGE * Most likely time for hail,

heavy rain, frequent

lightning, strong winds, and

tornadoes.

* Storm occasionally has ablack or dark green

appearance.

* Lasts an average of 10 to 20

minutes but may last much

longer in some storms. Updrafts

Downdrafts

PAGASA

Forked LightningCrooked lightning

bolts discharge from

cloud to ground or

cloud to air

Sheet LightningClouds, rain blocks

forked lightning bolt,

but flash illuminates

clouds.

Ball LightningOn rare occasions,

small glowing balls

loops from the cloud,

but quickly vanish.DOST

PAGASA

How to prevent the damages due

to LIGHTNING?

Get out of the water

Avoid the solitary tree or the tallestobject in the area. Lightning tendsto strike tall objects..

When you feel the electrical charge-if your hair stands on end or yourskin tingles-lightning may be aboutto strike you. Drop to the groundimmediately.

Lightning Safety Rules Indoors Unplug appliances not necessary for obtaining weather

information.

Avoid using the telephone or any electrical appliances.

Use phones ONLY in an emergency.

Do not take a bath or shower during a thunderstorm.

Turn off air conditioners. Power surges from lightningcan cause serious damage.

If Caught Outdoors and No Shelter Is

Nearby Find a low spot away from trees, fences, and poles.

Make sure the place you pick is not subject to flooding.

If you are in the woods, take shelter under the shortertrees.

If you feel your skin tingle or your hair stand on end,squat low to the ground on the balls of your feet. Placeyour hands over your ears and your head between yourknees.

Make yourself the smallest target possible and minimize

yourcontact with the ground. DO NOT LIE DOWN.

If you are boating or swimming, get to land and findshelter immediately!

Lightning Safety Rule

- Go indoors if, after seeing lightning,

you can count to 30 before hearing

thunder. Stay indoors for 30 minutes

after hearing the last clap of thunder.

- Remember , if you can hear thunder you

are close enough to be struck by lightning!

IF THERE IS NO SHELTER AND YOU ARE

CAUGHT IN A THUNDERSTORM . . .

PAGASA

Tornadoes can form out of many kinds ofstorms, but the type most likely toproduce tornadoes is the supercell. Asupercell has an area of rotation withinthe storm called a mesocyclone that canspawn a tornado. The storm itself canrotate when winds at different levels of

the atmosphere come from differentdirections. If the winds are lined up justright, with just enough strength, thestorm turns like a top. Air circulationswithin the storm combined with a strong

updraft contribute to tornado

formation.

MAMMATUS CLOUD

– precursory signs

of an impending

tornado

TORNADO

Which comes from theSpanish word “tronada”

means thunderstorm

Intense rotating column of

air of small horizontalextent which appears as an

extention of dark, heavy

thunderstorm

cumulonimbus) cloudssystem in the familiar

funnel shape.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED

THUNDERSTORMS:

TORNADO

Tornado

Whirling winds fromthe base of the cloudto the ground thatforms dark funnel-shaped tube withvery low

atmosphericpressure.

Waterspout

Originates overwater.

The tornado is nature's most violent

wind. These vortices spin up beneath

thunderstorms year round and can

generate wind speeds near 500 KPH, at times devastating whole

communities.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

TORNADO

Convection Capsoften aid tornado

development

How Large Scale

Weather Systems

form Convective

STRONG WINDS AT SINALAYAN AND

PACANGAN, VALENCIA CITY,BUKIDNON

LAST AUGUST 09, 2010

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED

TORNADO

SAMPLE PICTURES OF

DAMAGES DUE TO

TORNADOES

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED

WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

Hailstones are formed when a

small ice pellet remains for a

sufficient time in a region of thethunderstorm where there exists

supercooled water.

Is usually common during

summertime thunderstorm in thePhilippines but is seldom of

sufficient size to be destructive.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED

WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

HAIL (CHUNKS

OF ICE FROM

THE SKY)

MONSOONS

Locally known as “HABAGAT”;affects the country from June to

September

Characterized by heavy rainfall that

may last for a week.

Brings rainy season to the western

portion of the country.

SOUTHWEST

MONSOON

(HABAGAT)

B NORTHEAST MONSOON

B. NORTHEAST MONSOON

Locally known as “Amihan”, affects the

eastern portions of the country fromOctober up to late March

Starts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass butgathers moisture as it travels across thePacific Ocean before reaching the EasternSections of the Philippines

Characterized by widespread cloudiness withrains and showers

COLD FRONT

(Tail-end of the cold

front)

COLD FRONT

Tail-end of the cold front)

Boundary layer between the cold air and

the warm air.The warmer air tends to rise and cold air

tends to go down because it is denser.

The region where it meets is the“FRONT”

WARM AIR

COLD FRONT

ALONG THE FRONT,

CLOUDS DEVELOP

BRINGING HEAVY RAINS

COLD AIR

2 COLD FRONT

Animated Satellite Picture of a Cold Front Affecting

the Northern Part of the Philippines

2. COLD FRONT

WARM AIR

INTERTROPICAL

CONVERGENCE ZONE

(ITCZ)

Intertr

opical convergence zone

N.H. trades and S.H trades meetOccurs during the month of May to October

On the average the ITCZ is located 5 degrees South

in January and 15 degrees North in July and the

annual mean of position is at 5 deg. North

Breeding grounds for tropical cyclone (BAGYO)

Found south of the Philippines during the cold

months of the year and as summer approaches itgradually shifts Northward

Northward most position in July or August

Consisting of widespread cloudiness, precipitation

and moderate to strong surface winds.

Intertr opical convergence zone

(itcz)

The easterly trade

winds of both

hemispheres converge

at an area near the

equator called the

"Intertropical

Convergence Zone

(ITCZ)", producing anarrow band of clouds

and thunderstorms that

encircle portions of the

globe.

PAGASA

It is used to describe a huge violent

whirlwind that occurs in many parts of theworld.

Every year , 80 cyclones form around the

world;

58 cyclones form in the northern

hemisphere and

22 cyclones in the southern hemisphere

TROPICAL CYCLONES HAVE BEEN GIVEN

LOCAL NAMES ACCORDING TO THE

REGION

North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific and South Pacific

Ocean are called “HURRIC NES “

Bay of Bengal , Arabian Sea and Western South IndianOcean, the name is “CYCLONIC”

Eastern part of the Southern Indian Ocean it is

“WILLY-WILLY”

Western North Pacific Ocean are called

“TYPHOONS”

Intense weather disturbance with very lowpressure and strong wind circulation blowing ina counter-clockwise direction toward the center

called the “EYE”.

Cross-Section of a Tropical Cyclone

Longitude

Latitude

110 E 120E 130E 140E 150E 160E

PACIFIC OCEANREGION OF

FORMATION

Most tropical cyclones that affect the

Philippines originate in the PACIFIC OCEAN.

CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL

TROPICAL DEPRESSIONMaximum winds near the center

of between 35 KPH and 63 KPH

TROPICAL STORM Maximum winds near the center of between

64 KPH and 117 KPH TYPHOON

Maximum winds near the center

is 118 KPH and higher

CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL

CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

M difi d Cl ifi ti f

TD Dagul

a. TROPICAL DEPRESSION

Maximum winds near the centerof between 35 and 63 KPH

Modified Classification ofTrop. Cyclone

TS Nanang

b. TROPICAL STORM

Maximum winds near the center ofbetween 64 KPH and 118 KPH

TY Florita

c. TYPHOON

Maximum winds near the center

exceed 118 KPH

Satellite Picture of Typhoon Feria DOST

PAGASA

FIJUWARA EFFECT DOST

PAGASA

P A R LINE

TY MELOR(Quedan)

TY PARMA(Pepeng)

PUBLIC STORM

WARNING SIGNALS

PSW #1 - a tropical cyclone will affect the localitywinds 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hours

PSW #2 - a MODERATE tropical cyclone will affect the locality

winds 61 to 100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hrs

PSW #3 – a STRONG tropical cyclone will affect the locality

winds 101 to 185 kph may be expected in at least 18

PSW #4 - a very INTENSE typhoon will affect the locality

winds more than 185 kph may be expected in at

least 12 hours

WHAT TO DO ?

Monitor the latest Severe Weather Bulletin

issued by PAGASA every six hours.

WHAT TO DO ?

Stay in safe houses or evacuation centers !!!

WHAT TO DO ?

Philippine Area of Responsibility

Philippine Area of ResponsibilityPAGASA is tasked to monitor tropical cyclone occurrence in the

designated area of responsibility or the PAR.

Once a Tropical Cyclone is inside the PAR, it is given a PHILIPPINE NAME

115 E to 135 E

5 N to 25 N

NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO

PQRSTUVW

AURINGBISINGCRISINGDANTEEMONGFERIAGORIOHUANINGISANGJOLINAKIKOLABUYOMARINGNANDOODETTE

PEPENGQUEDANRAMILSANTITINOURDUJAVINTAWILMA

YOLANDAZORAIDA

I20012005

2009AGATONBASYANGCALOYDOMENGESTERFLORITA

GLENDAHENRYINDAYJUANKATRINGLUISMILENYONENENGOMPONGPAENGQUEENIEREMINGSENIANGTOMASUSMANVENUSWALDO

YAYANGZENY

II20022006

2010AMANGBEBENGCHEDENGDODONGEGAYFALCONGORINGHANNAINENGJUANINGKABAYANLANDOMINANONOYONYOK

PEDRINGQUIELRAMONSENDONGTISOYURSULAVIRINGWENG

YOYOYZIGZAG

III20032007

2011AMBOBUTCHOYCARINADINDOENTENGFERDIEGENERHELENIGMEJULIANKARENLAWINMARCENINAOFEL

PABLOQUINTAROLLYSIONYTONYOULYSSESVICKYWARREN

YOYONGZOSIMO

IV2004

PHILIPPINES

TROPICAL CYCLONE

NO. TROP.CYCLONE

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