Hydromet Presentations September 11, 2013
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Transcript of Hydromet Presentations September 11, 2013
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Tracking the sky… helping thecountry”
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PhilippineAtmospheric,
Geophysical andAstronomical
ServicesAdministration
The Philippines, through the PAGASA, is a Member of the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO), a specialized body of the United Nations
The nation’s
meteorological-
hydrological serviceprovider
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THUNDERSTORMS
MONSOONS
INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE
(ITCZ)
TROPICALCYCLONES
COLD FRONTS
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HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
THUNDERSTORM:
LIGHTNING (AND THUNDER)
HEAVY RAINFALL
TORNADO
HAIL (Ice Pellets )
(Causes of FLASHFLOODING)
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CUMULUS HUMILIS CUMULUS CONGESTUS
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CUMULONIMBUS is composed of water droplets at the lower levels and ice crystals athigher levels (where the temperatures are below “O” degrees Celsius).
These cloud types produce uncomfortable weather conditions; heavy rains, hail, lightning,thunder, winds, and even tornadoes.
The strong winds at higher altitudes produce an anvil-shape at the top of cumulonimbusclouds.
Cumulonimbus cloud
(calvus)
ICE CRYSTALS
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Cumulonimbus capillatus
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MATURE STAGE * Most likely time for hail,
heavy rain, frequent
lightning, strong winds, and
tornadoes.
* Storm occasionally has ablack or dark green
appearance.
* Lasts an average of 10 to 20
minutes but may last much
longer in some storms. Updrafts
Downdrafts
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DOST
PAGASA
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Forked LightningCrooked lightning
bolts discharge from
cloud to ground or
cloud to air
Sheet LightningClouds, rain blocks
forked lightning bolt,
but flash illuminates
clouds.
Ball LightningOn rare occasions,
small glowing balls
loops from the cloud,
but quickly vanish.DOST
PAGASA
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DOST
PAGASA
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How to prevent the damages due
to LIGHTNING?
Get out of the water
Avoid the solitary tree or the tallestobject in the area. Lightning tendsto strike tall objects..
When you feel the electrical charge-if your hair stands on end or yourskin tingles-lightning may be aboutto strike you. Drop to the groundimmediately.
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Lightning Safety Rules Indoors Unplug appliances not necessary for obtaining weather
information.
Avoid using the telephone or any electrical appliances.
Use phones ONLY in an emergency.
Do not take a bath or shower during a thunderstorm.
Turn off air conditioners. Power surges from lightningcan cause serious damage.
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If Caught Outdoors and No Shelter Is
Nearby Find a low spot away from trees, fences, and poles.
Make sure the place you pick is not subject to flooding.
If you are in the woods, take shelter under the shortertrees.
If you feel your skin tingle or your hair stand on end,squat low to the ground on the balls of your feet. Placeyour hands over your ears and your head between yourknees.
Make yourself the smallest target possible and minimize
yourcontact with the ground. DO NOT LIE DOWN.
If you are boating or swimming, get to land and findshelter immediately!
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Lightning Safety Rule
- Go indoors if, after seeing lightning,
you can count to 30 before hearing
thunder. Stay indoors for 30 minutes
after hearing the last clap of thunder.
- Remember , if you can hear thunder you
are close enough to be struck by lightning!
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IF THERE IS NO SHELTER AND YOU ARE
CAUGHT IN A THUNDERSTORM . . .
DOST
PAGASA
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Tornadoes can form out of many kinds ofstorms, but the type most likely toproduce tornadoes is the supercell. Asupercell has an area of rotation withinthe storm called a mesocyclone that canspawn a tornado. The storm itself canrotate when winds at different levels of
the atmosphere come from differentdirections. If the winds are lined up justright, with just enough strength, thestorm turns like a top. Air circulationswithin the storm combined with a strong
updraft contribute to tornado
formation.
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MAMMATUS CLOUD
– precursory signs
of an impending
tornado
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TORNADO
Which comes from theSpanish word “tronada”
means thunderstorm
Intense rotating column of
air of small horizontalextent which appears as an
extention of dark, heavy
thunderstorm
cumulonimbus) cloudssystem in the familiar
funnel shape.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
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HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH
THUNDERSTORMS:
TORNADO
Tornado
Whirling winds fromthe base of the cloudto the ground thatforms dark funnel-shaped tube withvery low
atmosphericpressure.
Waterspout
Originates overwater.
The tornado is nature's most violent
wind. These vortices spin up beneath
thunderstorms year round and can
generate wind speeds near 500 KPH, at times devastating whole
communities.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:
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HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:
TORNADO
Convection Capsoften aid tornado
development
How Large Scale
Weather Systems
form Convective
Caps
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STRONG WINDS AT SINALAYAN AND
PACANGAN, VALENCIA CITY,BUKIDNON
LAST AUGUST 09, 2010
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
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TORNADO
SAMPLE PICTURES OF
DAMAGES DUE TO
TORNADOES
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH THUNDERSTORMS:
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Hailstones are formed when a
small ice pellet remains for a
sufficient time in a region of thethunderstorm where there exists
supercooled water.
Is usually common during
summertime thunderstorm in thePhilippines but is seldom of
sufficient size to be destructive.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
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HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH THUNDERSTORMS:
HAIL (CHUNKS
OF ICE FROM
THE SKY)
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MONSOONS
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Locally known as “HABAGAT”;affects the country from June to
September
Characterized by heavy rainfall that
may last for a week.
Brings rainy season to the western
portion of the country.
SOUTHWEST
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N
EW
S
SOUTHWEST
MONSOON
(HABAGAT)
B NORTHEAST MONSOON
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B. NORTHEAST MONSOON
Locally known as “Amihan”, affects the
eastern portions of the country fromOctober up to late March
Starts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass butgathers moisture as it travels across thePacific Ocean before reaching the EasternSections of the Philippines
Characterized by widespread cloudiness withrains and showers
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COLD FRONT
(Tail-end of the cold
front)
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COLD FRONT
Tail-end of the cold front)
Boundary layer between the cold air and
the warm air.The warmer air tends to rise and cold air
tends to go down because it is denser.
The region where it meets is the“FRONT”
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WARM AIR
COLD FRONT
ALONG THE FRONT,
CLOUDS DEVELOP
BRINGING HEAVY RAINS
COLD AIR
2 COLD FRONT
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Animated Satellite Picture of a Cold Front Affecting
the Northern Part of the Philippines
2. COLD FRONT
WARM AIR
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INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE
(ITCZ)
Intertr
opical convergence zone
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N.H. trades and S.H trades meetOccurs during the month of May to October
On the average the ITCZ is located 5 degrees South
in January and 15 degrees North in July and the
annual mean of position is at 5 deg. North
Breeding grounds for tropical cyclone (BAGYO)
Found south of the Philippines during the cold
months of the year and as summer approaches itgradually shifts Northward
Northward most position in July or August
Consisting of widespread cloudiness, precipitation
and moderate to strong surface winds.
Intertr opical convergence zone
(itcz)
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The easterly trade
winds of both
hemispheres converge
at an area near the
equator called the
"Intertropical
Convergence Zone
(ITCZ)", producing anarrow band of clouds
and thunderstorms that
encircle portions of the
globe.
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LTC
L
DOST
PAGASA
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It is used to describe a huge violent
whirlwind that occurs in many parts of theworld.
Every year , 80 cyclones form around the
world;
58 cyclones form in the northern
hemisphere and
22 cyclones in the southern hemisphere
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TROPICAL CYCLONES HAVE BEEN GIVEN
LOCAL NAMES ACCORDING TO THE
REGION
North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific and South Pacific
Ocean are called “HURRIC NES “
Bay of Bengal , Arabian Sea and Western South IndianOcean, the name is “CYCLONIC”
Eastern part of the Southern Indian Ocean it is
“WILLY-WILLY”
Western North Pacific Ocean are called
“TYPHOONS”
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Intense weather disturbance with very lowpressure and strong wind circulation blowing ina counter-clockwise direction toward the center
called the “EYE”.
EYE
Cross-Section of a Tropical Cyclone
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Cross-Section of a Tropical Cyclone
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Longitude
Latitude
110 E 120E 130E 140E 150E 160E
9N
13N
21N
PACIFIC OCEANREGION OF
FORMATION
Most tropical cyclones that affect the
Philippines originate in the PACIFIC OCEAN.
CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL
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TROPICAL DEPRESSIONMaximum winds near the center
of between 35 KPH and 63 KPH
TROPICAL STORM Maximum winds near the center of between
64 KPH and 117 KPH TYPHOON
Maximum winds near the center
is 118 KPH and higher
CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL
CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES
M difi d Cl ifi ti f
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TD Dagul
a. TROPICAL DEPRESSION
Maximum winds near the centerof between 35 and 63 KPH
Modified Classification ofTrop. Cyclone
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TS Nanang
b. TROPICAL STORM
Maximum winds near the center ofbetween 64 KPH and 118 KPH
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TY Florita
c. TYPHOON
Maximum winds near the center
exceed 118 KPH
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Satellite Picture of Typhoon Feria DOST
PAGASA
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FIJUWARA EFFECT DOST
PAGASA
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P A R LINE
P A R LINE
P
A
R
L
I
N
E
P
A
R
L
I
N
E
TY MELOR(Quedan)
TY PARMA(Pepeng)
PUBLIC STORM
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PUBLIC STORM
WARNING SIGNALS
PSW #1 - a tropical cyclone will affect the localitywinds 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hours
PSW #2 - a MODERATE tropical cyclone will affect the locality
winds 61 to 100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hrs
PSW #3 – a STRONG tropical cyclone will affect the locality
winds 101 to 185 kph may be expected in at least 18
hrs
PSW #4 - a very INTENSE typhoon will affect the locality
winds more than 185 kph may be expected in at
least 12 hours
WHAT TO DO ?
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WHAT TO DO ?
Monitor the latest Severe Weather Bulletin
issued by PAGASA every six hours.
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WHAT TO DO ?
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Stay in safe houses or evacuation centers !!!
WHAT TO DO ?
Philippine Area of Responsibility
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Philippine Area of ResponsibilityPAGASA is tasked to monitor tropical cyclone occurrence in the
designated area of responsibility or the PAR.
Once a Tropical Cyclone is inside the PAR, it is given a PHILIPPINE NAME
115 E to 135 E
5 N to 25 N
NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE
S
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ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
PQRSTUVW
YZ
AURINGBISINGCRISINGDANTEEMONGFERIAGORIOHUANINGISANGJOLINAKIKOLABUYOMARINGNANDOODETTE
PEPENGQUEDANRAMILSANTITINOURDUJAVINTAWILMA
YOLANDAZORAIDA
I20012005
2009AGATONBASYANGCALOYDOMENGESTERFLORITA
GLENDAHENRYINDAYJUANKATRINGLUISMILENYONENENGOMPONGPAENGQUEENIEREMINGSENIANGTOMASUSMANVENUSWALDO
YAYANGZENY
II20022006
2010AMANGBEBENGCHEDENGDODONGEGAYFALCONGORINGHANNAINENGJUANINGKABAYANLANDOMINANONOYONYOK
PEDRINGQUIELRAMONSENDONGTISOYURSULAVIRINGWENG
YOYOYZIGZAG
III20032007
2011AMBOBUTCHOYCARINADINDOENTENGFERDIEGENERHELENIGMEJULIANKARENLAWINMARCENINAOFEL
PABLOQUINTAROLLYSIONYTONYOULYSSESVICKYWARREN
YOYONGZOSIMO
IV2004
2008
2012
PHILIPPINES
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TROPICAL CYCLONE
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NO. TROP.CYCLONE
CATEGORY
NAMES DATE OF OCCURRENCE
01 Trop. Dep. AMANG Apr. 3-4/11
02 Trop. Storm BEBENG May 6 -11/11
03 Typhoon CHEDENG May 22-28/11
04 Trop. Dep. DODONG June 9-10/11
05 Trop. Dep. EGAY June 16 -20/11
06 Trop. Storm FALCON June 21-26/11
07 Trop. Dep. GORING July 9-10/11
08 Trop. Dep. HANNA July 15-16/11
09 Trop. Dep. INENG July 17/11
10 Trop. Storm JUANING July 25 to 28/11
11 Typhoon KABAYAN July 28 to Aug. 5/11
12 Trop. Dep. LANDO July 31 to Aug. 01 /11
TROPICAL CYCLONE
OCCURRENCES FOR
2011
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NO. TROP.CYCLONE
CATEGORY
NAMES DATE OF
OCCURRENCE
13 Typhoon MINA Aug. 21 to 27/11
14 Trop. Storm NONOY Sept. 07 to 08/11
15 Trop. Dep. ONYOK Sept. 12 to 13/11
16 Typhoon PEDRING Sept. 25 -28/11
17 Typhoon QUIEL Sept. 29 – Oct. 2/11
18 Trop. Storm RAMON Oct.10-14 /11
19 Trop. Storm SENDONG Dec. 15 to 18 /11
TROPICAL CYCLONE
OCCURRENCES FOR
2011
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PAGASA Track as of 2 p.m.,16 December 2011
SATELLITE IMAGESOF
T S SENDONG
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Satellite Picture at 5 p.m., 16 December 2011
Synoptic Stations 24 Hr. Rainfall December 16, 2011
Trop. Storm SENDONG
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0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
180.9
83.2 87.7 88.9
180.2
41.8
15.1
0.09.3
0.6
95.0
50.3
R a i n f a l l ( m m .
)
Trop. Storm SENDONG
Tropical cyclone Forecast for
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MONTHS FORECASTS ACTUALOCCURRENCES
MAY 1 or 2 1
JUNE 1 or 2 3
JULY 2 or 3
AUG 2 or 3
SEPT 2 or 3
OCT 2 or 3
NOV 2 or 3
DEC 0 or 1
p y
2013
CLIMATOLOGICAL TRACKS (QUARTERLY) OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ENTERINGTHE PAR
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MONTHLY AVERAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OFTROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF
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TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY THAT MADE LANDFALL
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
8-INCH RAINGAUGE
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Measuring
tube
Receiver
Measuring stick
Overflow can
used to measure the
amount of Rainfall
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KIBAWE RAINGAUGE STATIONIMPASUG-ONG RAINGAUGE STN.
LIBONA RAINGAUGE STATION MANOLO FORTICH RAINGAUGE STN.
AUTOMATIC RAINGAUGE MONITORING
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Automatic Weather Station
Flood Markers
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start of flooding
peak
subsided
What Time…?
Flood Markers
Staff gauge installation
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g g
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Flood markers
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TAGAYTAY
SUBIC
HINATUANTAMPAKAN
CEBU
DOPPLER R D R PROGR M
VIRAC
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TAGAYTAY DOPPLER
RADAR
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VIRAC DOPPLERRADAR
(OLD & PROPOSED)
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APARRI DOPPLERRADAR
(OLD & PROPOSED)
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True Filipino Traits
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Resiliency
> Faith in God
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It is an 8-160 km wide dome of
water that sweeps over the coastline
during landfall of a tropical cyclone.
DOST
PAGASA
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STORM SURGE
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Communities with a steeper continentalwill not see as much surge inundation
DOST
PAGASA
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A shallow slope off the coast will allow agreater surge to inundate coastal communities.
DOST
PAGASA
5 l
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FREQUENCY OF
PASSAGE OFTROPICAL
CYCLONES BY
GEOGRAPHICAL
ZONES IN THEPHILIPPINES
5 cyclonesin 2 yrs2 cyclones
per year
5 cyclonesin 3 yrs
3 cyclonesin 2 yrs
1 cyclone
per year
1 cyclonein 12 yrs
DOST
PAGASA
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Please visit us at our Website:
http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph
MINDANAO PAGASA REGIONAL SERVICESDIVISION Tel No. (08822) 745-164
Davao PAGASA Station: (082) 234-0890
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