Post on 22-May-2018
Humanistic Approach 1. People are good (in their potentials)
2. People have needs
3. If needs are met then they grow to their potential (good)
4. If people act bad, needs are not met
5. Acting bad is an effort to falsely fill a missing need
Rogers’s Self Theory Carl Rogers: primary determiner of behavior is view of self
Self-concept: how one feels and thinks of oneself…our image of what we are, what we should be, and what we would like to be
Factors that can determine self-concept Family environment
Health
Intellectual development
Economic circumstances
Cultural influences
Social interactions
Educational level
Are these internal factors, external factors, or both?
Rogers’s Self Theory Actualization tendency: motivated to maintain and
enhance self (physiologically and psychologically)
Physical development (food and water enhance self)
Psychological development (want to grow as people)
Example: We learn to walk because it’s growth; we may fall and get hurt, but we persist!
Valuing process: evaluate life experiences by how well they serve actualization tendency
Good/desirable experiences = positive value
Bad/undesirable experiences = negative value
Rogers’s Self Theory Positive regard: acceptance, love, approval from others
How does it develop?
Unconditional positive regard: positive regard despite undesirable behavior How do others’ behavior influence this?
Conditional positive regard: positive regard only for desirable behavior How does this develop?
Conditions of worth: internalized judgments on behavior. Initially external then part of belief system. What impact could this have on self-actualization?
Rogers’s Self Theory Incongruence: experience and self-concept don’t match
I love all of humanity . . . I don’t hate anyone
BUT
I really hate THAT person . . .
Gay people are bad
Rednecks are morons
Democrats/Republicans are idiots
Impact on the self What happens if a pleasurable self-experience is evaluated
negatively? Star football player also likes to sing and dance He decides to forgo football to try out for the fall musical His coaches, friends, and parents are very upset with him His girlfriend and best friend both say, “We will support
whatever you want to do.”
IF he has strong self concept, he will Try out for the musical anyway
IF he doesn’t have a strong self concept, he will Go back to football and forget the musical
How could “conditions of worth” influence his decision?
Impact on the self Rewards and punishments drive behavior
What if behavior doesn’t reflect conditions of worth?
Example: I am told by mommy and daddy that I am bad for drawing on the wall.
I like to draw
When I draw on the wall, I’m told I’m bad
Drawing a certain way will determine worth . . . May not be my true self!
Fully Functioning People Psychologically healthy people are open to new
experiences; nothing threatens self-concept because they received unconditional positive regard as kids.
How would you compare this to self-actualization?
Characteristics of Fully Functioning People Awareness of all experience; open to positive and negative
feelings
How would a fully functioning person handle the death of a loved one?
Freshness of appreciation for all experiences …participate rather than observe
How would a fully functioning person react to a flash mob?
Trust one’s own behavior and feelings …trust own reactions rather than guided by opinions of others
How would a fully functioning person handle criticism for having the minority opinion on an issue?
Characteristics of Fully Functioning People Freedom of choice, without inhibitions …sense of power as
future depends on own actions How would a fully functioning person make a decision
knowing others may not approve?
Creativity and spontaneity …do not require predictability, security, or freedom from tension How would a fully functioning person react to a major change
at work or school?
Continual need to grow, strive to maximize potential …no end point, a direction, not a destination How would a fully functioning person handle the pinnacle of
success (earned a doctorate, won the championship, etc.)?
Rogers’ views Believed actualization tendency is internal BUT
process is driven by external, environmental factors
Humans have free will to make choices
How do you see Rogers as being similar or different from Freud?
How do you see Rogers as being similar or different from Maslow?
Rogers’ views Client centered therapy
Clients given unconditional positive regard
No judgments made of behavior
No advice given as to how they should behave
Responsibility for and ability to change behavior belongs to client
DOESN’T mean you allow others to take advantage of you, abuse you, etc.
You protect yourself, but don’t devalue the person
Rogers’ views Unconditional positive regard?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX2tMmVVTiw
What examples of conditional worth and unconditional positive regard do you see? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQyYa3DBhNA
Unconditional positive regard? (need to edit) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtkST5-ZFHw
From the man himself . . . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjTpEL8acfo
To sum it up . . . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZwMz-807uE