Post on 03-Oct-2021
LAPORAN PENYIASATAN PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH DAN KEMUDAHAN ASAS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND BASIC AMENITIES SURVEY REPORT
2012
2012
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Kata Pengantar
Laporan Penyiasatan Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan Kemudahan Asas (PPIR/KA) tahun 2012
membentangkan hasil penemuan daripada penyiasatan terkini yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan
Perangkaan Malaysia dua kali setiap lima tahun. Maklumat pendapatan ini dikumpul berdasarkan
garis panduan “A Provisional Framework for Household Income, Consumption, Saving and
Wealth” (1995) yang diterbitkan oleh Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), garis panduan “Final
Report and Recommendations of the Expert Group on the Household Income Statistics” (The
Canberra Group 2001) dan Report II - Household Income and Expenditure Statistics
(International Labour Organization, 2003).
Objektif utama laporan ini adalah untuk menerbitkan perangkaan berkaitan taburan pendapatan isi
rumah, insiden kemiskinan dan kemiskinan tegar juga maklumat kemudahan asas yang meliputi
pendidikan, kesihatan, perumahan dan peralatan isi rumah. Penemuan daripada penyiasatan ini
digunakan oleh kerajaan bagi tujuan perancangan dan pemantauan, terutamanya dalam penyediaan
Rancangan Malaysia Lima Tahun.
Penerbitan ini juga memuatkan nota teknikal yang mengandungi objektif, liputan dan skop, konsep
dan definisi serta reka bentuk persampelan bagi membolehkan pengguna memahami penyiasatan
ini secara terperinci. Data dalam laporan ini telah disusun mengikut negeri, etnik, jantina, strata,
kelas pendapatan, pekerjaan, industri, umur, saiz isi rumah dan ralat piawai.
Saya ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada semua isi rumah
terpilih dan anggota Jabatan yang telah memberikan sokongan dan kerjasama dalam menjayakan
penyiasatan ini. Saya juga berharap laporan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pelbagai agensi kerajaan,
sektor swasta, individu dan badan-badan antarabangsa. Cadangan dan ulasan untuk menambah baik
laporan ini pada masa hadapan amat dialu-alukan.
DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN
Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia
Jun 2013
i
2012
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Preface
The Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey (HIS/BA) 2012 report presents findings from the
latest survey conducted by the Department of Statistics twice in every five years. The information on
income is collected based on the guidelines from “A Provisional Framework for Household Income,
Consumption, Saving and Wealth” (1995) published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the
guidelines from the “Final Report and Recommendations of the Expert Group on the Household
Income Statistics” (The Canberra Group 2001) and Report II - Household Income and
Expenditure Statistics (International Labour Organization, 2003).
The main objective of this report is to publish statistics relating to household income distribution,
incidence of poverty and hardcore poverty as well as basic amenities which cover education, health,
housing and household appliances. The findings from this survey are used by the government for
planning and monitoring purposes, particularly in the preparation of the Malaysia Five Year Plan.
This publication also provides technical notes which contains the objectives, coverage and scope,
concepts and definitions as well as the sampling design to enable users to have an in-depth
understanding of this survey. The data in this report was compiled in order of state, ethnicity, gender,
strata, income class, occupation, industry, age, household size and standard error.
I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to all selected households and staff of the
department for their support and co-operation in making this survey a success. I do hope that this
report would be beneficial to various government agencies, private sectors, individuals and
international organizations. Suggestions and comments towards improving future reports are most
welcomed.
DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN Chief Statistician, Malaysia
June 2013
ii
2012
Kandungan Contents
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
i v 1 11 37 39 67 95 Kata Pengantar Preface
Senarai Jadual List of Tables
Muka Surat
Pages
Ringkasan Penemuan Summary Findings
Jadual Pendapatan Isi Rumah Tables of Household Income
Jadual Insiden Kemiskinan Tables of Incidence of Poverty
Jadual Kemudahan Asas (Am) Tables of Basic Amenities (General)
Jadual Kemudahan Asas (Isi Rumah Miskin) Tables of Basic Amenities (Poor Household)
Jadual Ralat Piawai Tables of Standard Error
Nota Teknikal Technical Notes
i
iii
v
1
11
39
41
69
97
99
SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES
2012
Senarai Jadual List of Tables
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
9
1
Pendapatan Isi Rumah Household Income
1.1 Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012
Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly household income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
1.2 Pendapatan isi rumah per kapita bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar
pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly per capita household
income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012 1.3 Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dan penengah bagi kumpulan isi
rumah tertinggi 20%, pertengahan 40% dan terendah 40% mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Mean and median monthly household income of top 20%, middle 40% and bottom 40% of households by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012
1.4 Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut jantina, kumpulan etnik
ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Mean monthly household income by sex, ethnic group of head of household and strata,
Malaysia, 2012 1.5 Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas
pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household
income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 1.6 Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas
pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household
income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 1.7 Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%,
purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012
1.8 Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%,
purata dan penengah mengikut pekerjaan ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by
occupation of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 1.9 Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%,
purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by
industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012
v
11
12
13
14
15
18
29
32
34
2012
Senarai Jadual List of Tables
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Insiden Kemiskinan Incidence of Poverty
2.1 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Incidence of poverty by ethnic group of head of household and strata, Malaysia, 2012
2.2 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Incidence of poverty by state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 2.3 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut jantina dan kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah,
Malaysia, 2012 Incidence of poverty by sex and ethnic group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 2.4 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan umur ketua isi rumah, Malaysia,
2012 Incidence of poverty by age group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 2.5 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut saiz isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 Incidence of poverty by household size, Malaysia, 2012
Kemudahan Asas (Am) Basic Amenities (General)
3.1 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Percentage distribution of households by type of ownership of housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
3.2 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut keadaan rumah yang diduduki, negeri
dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by condition of occupied housing unit, state and
strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.3 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar rumah,
negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by type of outer wall building materials, state
and strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.4 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan strata,
Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by type of water supply, state and strata,
Malaysia, 2012
vi
39
39
40
40
40
41
42
43
44
2
3
2012
Senarai Jadual List of Tables
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
3.5 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik, negeri dan
strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by accessibility to electricity supply, state and
strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.6 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang digunakan,
negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by type of toilet used, state and strata, Malaysia,
2012 3.7 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke
pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest
public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.8 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke
sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
3.9 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata,
Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by number of bedrooms, state and strata,
Malaysia, 2012 3.10 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah, negeri dan
strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by garbage collection facility, state and strata,
Malaysia, 2012 3.11 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan
strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
Kemudahan Asas (Isi Rumah Miskin) Basic Amenities (Poor Household)
4.1 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan
strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of ownership of housing unit, state
and strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.2 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut keadaan unit perumahan yang
diduduki, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by condition of occupied housing unit, state
and strata, Malaysia, 2012
vii
45
46
47
50
53
55
56
69
70
4
2012
Senarai Jadual List of Tables
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
4.3 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar
rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of outer wall building materials,
state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.4 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan
strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of water supply, state and strata,
Malaysia, 2012 4.5 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik,
negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by accessibility to electricity supply, state
and strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.6 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang
digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of toilet used, state and strata,
Malaysia, 2012 4.7 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat
kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
4.8 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat
kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012
Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
4.9 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan
strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by number of bedrooms, state and strata,
Malaysia, 2012 4.10 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah,
negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by garbage collection facility, state and
strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.11 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan,
negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia,
2012
viii
71
72
73
74
75
78
81
83
84
2012
Senarai Jadual List of Tables
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Ralat Piawai Standard Error
5.1 Ralat piawai bagi anggaran pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut
kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Standard error of estimates for mean monthly household income by ethnic group and
strata, Malaysia, 2012
ix
97
5
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2009 2012
4,025 5,000 4,705
5,742
2,545 3,080
Malaysia Bandar Luar Bandar
Tahun Year
1. PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH BULANAN
PURATA MENGIKUT STRATA, MALAYSIA,
2009 DAN 2012
1. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY
STRATA, MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012
Pada keseluruhannya, penemuan Penyiasatan
Pendapatan Isi Rumah (PPIR) 2012 mendapati
pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata rakyat
Malaysia telah meningkat daripada RM4,025
pada tahun 2009 kepada RM5,000 pada tahun
2012. Ia merupakan peningkatan sebanyak 7.2
peratus setahun (nominal).
As a whole, the findings of the Household Income
Survey (HIS) 2012 revealed that the mean
monthly household income for Malaysians
increased from RM4,025 in year 2009 to
RM5,000 in year 2012. It was an increase of 7.2
per cent per annum (nominal).
PPIR 2012 juga menunjukkan peningkatan
pendapatan isi rumah bandar iaitu pada kadar
6.6 peratus setahun daripada RM4,705 pada
tahun 2009 kepada RM5,742 pada tahun 2012.
Pada masa yang sama, pendapatan isi rumah
luar bandar pula bertambah pada kadar 6.4
peratus setahun daripada RM2,545 kepada
RM3,080.
The HIS 2012 also showed an increase in the
urban household income at the rate of 6.6 per
cent per annum from RM4,705 in year 2009 to
RM5,742 in year 2012. Concurrently, the rural
household income increased at the rate of 6.4
per cent per annum from RM2,545 to RM3,080.
Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income by strata, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
Ringgit Malaysia Malaysian Ringgit
(RM)
Kadar Pertumbuhan
Tahunan Purata Average Annual
Growth Rate Tahun
Year 2009 2012 Peratus Per cent
Malaysia
4,025 5,000 7.2
Bandar Urban 4,705 5,742 6.6
Luar Bandar Rural 2,545 3,080 6.4
Carta 1/Chart 1
RM
Urban Rural
(%)
1
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
2. PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH BULANAN
PURATA DAN KADAR PERTUMBUHAN
TAHUNAN PURATA MENGIKUT NEGERI,
MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN 2012
2. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE BY STATE,
MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012
Semua negeri mencatat peningkatan dalam
pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata. W.P.
Kuala Lumpur terus mencatat kadar
pertumbuhan tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 14.9
peratus, manakala kadar pertumbuhan
pendapatan bagi negeri W.P. Labuan, Perlis,
Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan, Sabah, Kedah,
Perak dan Kelantan pula adalah melebihi kadar
pertumbuhan purata di peringkat nasional
iaitu 7.2 peratus.
All states recorded an increase in mean monthly
average household income. W.P. Kuala Lumpur
continued to register the highest growth rate,
that is, 14.9 per cent, while the income growth
rate for W.P. Labuan, Perlis, Terengganu, Negeri
Sembilan, Sabah, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan
was above the national average growth rate of
7.2 per cent.
Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income and average annual growth rate by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
Negeri State
2009 2012 Kadar Pertumbuhan Tahunan Purata Average Annual Growth Rate (%)
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5,488 8,586 14.9 W.P. Labuan 4,407 6,317 12.0 Perlis 2,617 3,538 10.1 Terengganu 3,017 3,967 9.1 Negeri Sembilan 3,540 4,576 8.6 Sabah 3,102 4,013 8.6 Kedah 2,667 3,425 8.3 Perak 2,809 3,548 7.8 Kelantan 2,536 3,168 7.4 Johor 3,835 4,658 6.5 W.P. Putrajaya 6,747 8,101 6.1 Sarawak 3,581 4,293 6.0 Selangor 5,962 7,023 5.5 Pulau Pinang 4,407 5,055 4.6 Pahang 3,279 3,745 4.4 Melaka 4,184 4,759 4.3 Malaysia 4,025 5,000 7.2
Jadual 1/Table 1
2
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2009 2012
3,624 4,457
5,011
6,366
3,999
5,233
Bumiputera Cina India
Tahun Year
3. PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH BULANAN
PURATA MENGIKUT KUMPULAN ETNIK,
MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN 2012
3. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY
ETHNIC GROUP, MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012
Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dalam
kalangan Bumiputera meningkat sebanyak 6.9
peratus setahun kepada RM4,457. Di kalangan
Cina dan India, pendapatan isi rumah telah
meningkat masing-masing pada kadar 8.0
peratus dan 9.0 peratus setahun kepada
RM6,366 dan RM5,233. Ini menunjukkan
semua rakyat tanpa mengira kaum telah
menikmati tahap pendapatan yang meningkat.
The mean monthly household income among
Bumiputera increased by 6.9 per cent per
annum to RM4,457. Among the Chinese and
Indian, the household income increased at the
rate of 8.0 per cent and 9.0 per cent per annum
respectively to RM6,366 and RM5,233. This
showed that all citizens across all community
has benefitted from the increasing income.
Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
Ringgit Malaysia Malaysian Ringgit
(RM)
Kadar Pertumbuhan
Tahunan Purata Average Annual
Growth Rate Tahun
Year 2009 2012 Peratus Per cent
Bumiputera
3,624
4,457 6.9
Cina Chinese 5,011 6,366 8.0
India Indians 3,999 5,233 9.0
Carta 2/Chart 2
Chinese
RM
Indians
(%)
3
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
4. PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH BULANAN
PURATA BAGI KUMPULAN PENDAPATAN
TERTINGGI 20%, PERTENGAHAN 40%
DAN TERENDAH 40% MENGIKUT
KUMPULAN ETNIK, MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN
2012
4. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR
INCOME GROUP TOP 20%, MIDDLE 40% AND
BOTTOM 40% BY ETHNIC GROUP, MALAYSIA,
2009 AND 2012
Tahap pendapatan bagi tiga kumpulan
pendapatan iaitu kumpulan terendah 40%,
pertengahan 40% dan tertinggi 20%
bertambah baik. Pendapatan purata bagi
kumpulan terendah 40% meningkat daripada
RM1,440 (2009) kepada RM1,847 (2012), iaitu
pada kadar 8.3 peratus setahun. Manakala
kumpulan pertengahan 40% dan tertinggi 20%
juga meningkat, masing-masing pada kadar 7.7
peratus dan 6.6 peratus kepada RM4,573 dan
RM12,159.
The level of income for the three income groups,
that is, bottom 40%, middle 40% and top 20%
has improved. The mean income for bottom
40% group increased from RM1,440 (2009) to
RM1,847 (2012), which is a rate of 8.3 per cent
per annum. Meanwhile, middle 40% and top
20% group also increased at the rate of 7.7 per
cent and 6.6 per cent respectively to RM4,573
and RM12,159.
Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata bagi kumpulan pendapatan tertinggi 20%, pertengahan 40% dan terendah 40% mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income for income group top 20% , middle 40% and bottom 40% by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
Jumlah Total Bumiputera Cina
Chinese India
Indians
Kumpulan Pendapatan Income Group 2009 2012 2009 2012 2009 2012 2009 2012
Tertinggi 20% Top 20% 9,987 12,159 8,976 10,666 12,152 15,254 9,774 13,127
Pertengahan 40% Middle 40% 3,631 4,573 3,272 4,123 4,560 5,836 3,569 4,589
Terendah 40% Bottom 40% 1,440 1,847 1,300 1,686 1,897 2,455 1,547 1,937
Jadual 2/Table 2
3
4
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
5. PEKALI GINI MENGIKUT STRATA,
MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN 2012
5. GINI COEFFICIENT BY STRATA, MALAYSIA,
2009 AND 2012
Penemuan PPIR 2012 menunjukkan
pengagihan pendapatan dalam kalangan isi
rumah secara keseluruhan terus bertambah
baik seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh
pengurangan pekali Gini daripada 0.441 pada
tahun 2009 kepada 0.431 pada tahun 2012.
PPIR 2012 juga menunjukkan pengurangan
pekali Gini bagi bandar dan luar bandar
masing-masing daripada 0.423 dan 0.407
(2009) kepada 0.417 dan 0.382 (2012).
The findings of HIS 2012 showed that the
distribution of income among households as a
whole continued to improve as denoted by the
reducing Gini coefficient from 0.441 in year
2009 to 0.431 in year 2012. HIS 2012 also
showed a decrease in the Gini coefficient for
urban and rural areas from 0.423 and 0.407
(2009) to 0.417 and 0.382 (2012) respectively.
Pekali Gini mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Gini coefficient by strata, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45
Malaysia Bandar Luar Bandar
0.441
0.423
0.407
0.431
0.417
0.382
2009 2012 Pekali Gini Gini Coefficient
Carta 3/Chart 3
Urban Rural
Strata
5
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
6. PEKALI GINI MENGIKUT KUMPULAN ETNIK,
MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN 2012
6. GINI COEFFICIENT BY ETHNIC GROUP,
MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012
Pekali Gini bagi Bumiputera dan Cina terus
bertambah baik daripada 0.440 dan 0.425
(2009) kepada 0.421 dan 0.422 (2012). Walau
bagaimanapun, pekali Gini bagi India
menunjukkan peningkatan daripada 0.424
(2009) kepada 0.443 (2012) yang
mencerminkan ketidakseimbangan
pendapatan dalam kalangan masyarakat India.
The Gini coefficient for both Bumiputera and
Chinese continued to improve from 0.440 and
0.425 (2009) to 0.421 and 0.422 (2012).
However, the Gini coefficient for Indians
increased from 0.424 (2009) to 0.443 (2012)
which reflected income inequality among the
Indian community.
Pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Gini coefficient by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.45
Bumiputera Cina India
0.440
0.425 0.424 0.421 0.422
0.443 2009 2012 Pekali Gini Gini Coefficient
Carta 4/Chart 4
Chinese Indians Kumpulan Etnik
Ethnic Group
6
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
0 10 20
2.5 (1.8)
0.6 (0.3)
5.3 (2.2)
8.4 (3.4)
1.7 (1.0)
3.8 (1.7)
7. INSIDEN KEMISKINAN DAN KEMISKINAN
TEGAR MENGIKUT STRATA DAN
KUMPULAN ETNIK, MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN
2012
7. INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND HARDCORE
POVERTY BY STRATA AND ETHNIC GROUP,
MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012
Insiden kemiskinan keseluruhan telah
berkurangan dengan ketara daripada 3.8
peratus pada tahun 2009 kepada 1.7 peratus
pada tahun 2012. Dengan pencapaian ini,
sasaran RMKe-10 untuk mengurangkan
kemiskinan keseluruhan kepada 2.0 peratus
pada tahun 2015 telah tercapai tiga tahun lebih
awal. Insiden kemiskinan di kawasan bandar
telah berkurangan daripada 1.7 peratus pada
tahun 2009 kepada 1.0 peratus pada tahun
2012 sementara bagi kawasan luar bandar
daripada 8.4 peratus kepada 3.4 peratus.
Overall, the incidence of poverty decreased
substantially from 3.8 per cent in year 2009 to
1.7 per cent in year 2012. With this
accomplishment, the 10MP target to reduce
overall poverty to 2.0 per cent in year 2015 was
achieved three years ahead of time. The
incidence of poverty in urban areas decreased
from 1.7 per cent in year 2009 to 1.0 per cent in
year 2012 while for rural areas from 8.4
per cent to 3.4 per cent.
Insiden kemiskinan dan kemiskinan tegar mengikut strata dan kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Incidence of poverty and hardcore poverty by strata and ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
0 2 4
0.3 (0.2)
0.1 (0.0)
1.1 (0.3)
1.8 (0.6)
0.2 (0.1)
0.7 (0.2)
Miskin/Poor Miskin Tegar/Hardcore Poor
Peratus Per cent
Peratus Per cent
2009 2012
7
Carta 5/Chart 5
Malaysia
Bandar Urban
India Indians
Strata
Luar bandar Rural
Kumpulan etnik Ethnic group
Cina Chinese
Bumiputera
Malaysia
Bandar Urban
India Indians
Strata
Luar bandar Rural
Kumpulan etnik Ethnic group
Cina Chinese
Bumiputera
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Insiden kemiskinan bagi Bumiputera telah
menunjukkan penurunan daripada 5.3 peratus
pada tahun 2009 kepada 2.2 peratus pada
tahun 2012. Insiden kemiskinan bagi Cina juga
berkurangan daripada 0.6 peratus (2009)
kepada 0.3 peratus (2012). Manakala bagi
India, berkurangan daripada 2.5 peratus
(2009) kepada 1.8 peratus (2012).
The incidence of poverty for Bumiputera
showed a decrease from 5.3 per cent in year
2009 to 2.2 per cent in year 2012. The incidence
of poverty for Chinese also dropped from 0.6 per
cent (2009) to 0.3 per cent (2012). Meanwhile
for Indians, it decreased from 2.5 per cent
(2009) to 1.8 per cent (2012).
Insiden kemiskinan tegar juga menunjukkan
pengurangan daripada 0.7 peratus pada tahun
2009 kepada 0.2 peratus pada tahun 2012.
Kemiskinan tegar bagi kawasan bandar dan
luar bandar masing-masing menunjukkan
penurunan daripada 0.2 dan 1.8 (2009) kepada
0.1 dan 0.6 (2012).
The incidence of hardcore poverty also showed
a decrease from 0.7 per cent in year 2009 to 0.2
per cent in year 2012. The hardcore poverty for
urban and rural areas showed decreases from
0.2 and 1.8 (2009) to 0.1 and 0.6 (2012)
respectively.
8. INSIDEN KEMISKINAN DAN KEMISKINAN
TEGAR MENGIKUT NEGERI, MALAYSIA,
2009 DAN 2012
8. INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND HARDCORE
POVERTY BY STATE, MALAYSIA, 2009 AND
2012
Insiden kemiskinan bagi semua negeri
menunjukkan pengurangan yang signifikan.
Sabah mencatatkan pengurangan yang paling
ketara daripada 19.7 peratus kepada 8.1
peratus diikuti Perlis daripada 6.0 peratus
kepada 1.9 peratus dan Kedah daripada 5.3
peratus kepada 1.7 peratus dalam tempoh yang
sama. W.P. Putrajaya telah mencapai status
kemiskinan sifar pada tahun 2012.
The incidence of poverty in all states showed
a significant drop. Sabah recorded a remarkable
reduction from 19.7 per cent to 8.1 per cent
followed by Perlis from 6.0 per cent to 1.9 per
cent and Kedah from 5.3 per cent to 1.7 per cent
in the same period. W.P. Putrajaya has reached
zero poverty status in year 2012.
8
2012 Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary Findings
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
0 5 10
1.7 (0.2) 0.1 (0.0) 0.4 (0.0) 0.5 (0.1)
0.6 (0.0) 0.8 (0.1)
0.9 (0.1) 1.1 (0.0) 1.3 (0.2) 1.5 (0.2)
1.7 (0.1) 1.7 (0.2) 1.9 (0.5)
2.4 (0.3)
2.7 (0.3)
8.1 (1.6)
Sabah juga menunjukkan pengurangan yang
signifikan bagi insiden kemiskinan tegar iaitu 4.8
peratus pada tahun 2009 kepada 1.6 peratus pada
tahun 2012. Manakala kemiskinan tegar bagi
negeri Johor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Negeri
Sembilan tidak berubah iaitu 0.1 peratus pada
tahun 2009 dan 2012.
Sabah also showed a significant reduction in
hardcore poverty that is 4.8 per cent in year 2009 to
1.6 per cent in year 2012. Meanwhile the hardcore
poverty for Johor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Negeri
Sembilan remained unchanged that is 0.1 per cent
in year 2009 and 2012.
Insiden kemiskinan dan kemiskinan tegar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Incidence of poverty and hardcore poverty by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
0 10 20
3.8 (0.7) 0.5 (0.1) 0.7 (0.1) 0.7 (0.1) 0.7 (0.1)
1.2 (0.1) 1.3 (0.1)
2.1 (0.3) 3.5 (0.5) 4.0 (0.5) 4.3 (0.7)
4.8 (1.0) 5.3 (1.0) 5.3 (0.8)
6.0 (0.8)
19.7 (4.8)
Carta 6/Chart 6
2009 2012
Sabah
Malaysia
Sarawak
Kedah
Perlis
Pahang
Perak
Terengganu W.P. Labuan
Kelantan
Negeri Sembilan
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
Pulau Pinang
Johor
Melaka
Selangor
Peratus Per cent
Negeri/State Negeri/State
Sabah
Kelantan
Sarawak
Perlis Terengganu
Kedah
Perak Pahang
W.P. Labuan Johor
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
Pulau Pinang
Negeri Sembilan Selangor
Melaka
Peratus Per cent
9
(Miskin Tegar/Hardcore poor)
Miskin/Poor
Malaysia
JADUAL PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH TABLES OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012Table 1.1: Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly household income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
NegeriState
2009 2012 2009 2012
Malaysia 4,025 5,000 7.2 2,841 3,626 8.1
Johor 3,835 4,658 6.5 2,958 3,650 7.0
Kedah 2,667 3,425 8.3 1,966 2,633 9.7
Kelantan 2,536 3,168 7.4 1,713 2,276 9.5
Melaka 4,184 4,759 4.3 3,005 3,923 8.9
Negeri Sembilan 3,540 4,576 8.6 2,711 3,575 9.2
Pahang 3,279 3,745 4.4 2,479 3,067 7.1
Pulau Pinang 4,407 5,055 4.6 3,200 4,039 7.8
Perak 2,809 3,548 7.8 2,094 2,665 8.0
Perlis 2,617 3,538 10.1 1,832 2,387 8.8
Selangor 5,962 7,023 5.5 4,306 5,353 7.3
Terengganu 3,017 3,967 9.1 2,096 3,034 12.3
Sabah 3,102 4,013 8.6 2,066 2,860 10.8
Sarawak 3,581 4,293 6.0 2,394 3,047 8.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5,488 8,586 14.9 4,409 5,847 9.4
W.P. Labuan 4,407 6,317 12.0 3,498 5,063 12.3
W.P. Putrajaya 6,747 8,101 6.1 5,450 6,486 5.8
Jadual 1.1: Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri,
2009 – 2012 (%) 2009 – 2012 (%)
Average annual Average annual(RM) growth rate (RM) growth rate
Purata/Mean Penengah/Median
Kadar pertumbuhan Kadar pertumbuhantahunan purata tahunan purata
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 11
Jadual 1.2: Pendapatan isi rumah per kapita bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012Table 1.2: Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly per capita household income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012
NegeriState
2009 2012 2009 2012
Malaysia 1,168 1,451 7.2 777 982 7.8
Johor 1,100 1,368 7.3 808 993 6.9
Kedah 762 954 7.5 529 677 8.2
Kelantan 641 742 4.9 419 533 8.0
Melaka 1,169 1,382 5.6 865 1,084 7.5
Negeri Sembilan 1,020 1,339 9.1 784 1,017 8.7
Pahang 960 1,131 5.5 707 838 5.7
Pulau Pinang 1,322 1,547 5.2 933 1,187 8.0
Perak 836 1,049 7.6 621 775 7.4
Perlis 752 982 8.9 515 661 8.3
Selangor 1,714 1,986 4.9 1,172 1,469 7.5
Terengganu 783 1,023 8.9 508 685 10.0
Sabah 833 1,073 8.4 492 708 12.1
Sarawak 974 1,257 8.5 618 808 8.9
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 1,933 2,854 13.0 1,403 1,793 8.2
W.P. Labuan 1,297 1,702 9.1 874 1,196 10.5
W.P. Putrajaya 2,161 2,562 5.7 1,743 2,203 7.8
Purata/Mean Penengah/Median
Kadar pertumbuhan Kadar pertumbuhantahunan purata tahunan purata
2009 – 2012 (%) 2009 – 2012 (%)
Average annual Average annual(RM) growth rate (RM) growth rate
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 12
Jadual 1.3: Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dan penengah bagi kumpulan isi rumah tertinggi 20%, pertengahan 40% dan terendah 40% mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.3: Mean and median monthly household income of top 20%, middle 40% and bottom 40% of households by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(RM)
Kumpulan isi rumahHousehold group Purata Penengah Purata Penengah Purata Penengah Purata Penengah Purata Penengah
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
JUMLAHTOTAL
Tertinggi 20% 12,159 9,796 10,666 8,816 15,254 12,099 13,127 10,139 9,741 7,878 Top 20%
Pertengahan 40% 4,573 4,372 4,123 3,947 5,836 5,652 4,589 4,396 3,341 3,293 Middle 40%
Terendah 40% 1,847 1,852 1,686 1,703 2,455 2,557 1,937 1,982 1,472 1,421 Bottom 40%
BANDARURBAN
Tertinggi 20% 13,654 10,912 12,353 10,164 15,766 12,508 13,794 10,624 13,278 10,083 Top 20%
Pertengahan 40% 5,294 5,108 4,961 4,775 6,087 5,894 4,786 4,574 4,726 4,161 Middle 40%
Terendah 40% 2,235 2,263 2,115 2,132 2,588 2,756 2,051 2,085 2,051 2,244 Bottom 40%
LUAR BANDARRURAL
Tertinggi 20% 6,905 5,912 6,741 5,764 8,495 7,091 7,240 6,271 4,685 4,300 Top 20%
Pertengahan 40% 2,930 2,883 2,853 2,782 3,667 3,561 3,272 3,259 2,654 2,700 Middle 40%
Terendah 40% 1,319 1,343 1,302 1,331 1,615 1,617 1,328 1,319 1,117 1,206 Bottom 40%
Jumlah/Total Bumiputera Cina/Chinese India/Indians Lain-lain/Others
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 13
Jadual 1.4: Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut jantina, kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.4: Mean monthly household income by sex, ethnic group of head of household and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(RM)
Kumpulan etnik
Ethnic group Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan Jumlah Lelaki PerempuanTotal Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Jumlah 5,000 5,248 3,671 5,742 6,010 4,239 3,080 3,225 2,387 Total
Bumiputera 4,457 4,654 3,404 5,301 5,502 4,129 3,010 3,148 2,368
Cina/Chinese 6,366 6,700 4,508 6,622 6,985 4,646 3,806 3,951 2,795
India/Indians 5,233 5,624 3,304 5,491 5,885 3,840 3,271 3,539 2,224
Lain-lain/Others 3,843 3,786 4,097 5,323 5,230 5,674 2,432 2,487 2,149
Luar BandarRural
JumlahTotal
BandarUrban
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 14
Jadual 1.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.5: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
5.0 0.8 5.6 1.0 3.2 0.4 4.6 0.7 8.6 1.7
1,000 – 1,999 17.6 5.4 20.7 7.0 10.6 2.5 15.6 4.5 23.5 9.0
2,000 – 2,999 15.9 7.8 17.8 9.8 10.7 4.2 16.5 7.7 22.9 14.8
3,000 – 3,999 16.7 11.5 16.5 12.7 16.7 9.1 18.1 12.0 17.5 15.8
4,000 – 4,999 11.1 9.9 10.5 10.4 12.6 8.8 11.5 9.8 9.1 10.5
5,000 – 5,999 7.8 8.6 7.3 9.0 9.3 8.0 8.2 8.5 1.7 2.6
6,000 – 6,999 6.0 7.7 5.4 7.8 7.5 7.6 6.0 7.4 5.1 8.6
7,000 – 7,999 4.5 6.7 3.9 6.6 6.2 7.3 4.0 5.6 2.2 4.2
8,000 – 9,999 5.7 10.1 4.9 9.9 7.8 11.0 5.3 9.0 4.5 10.2
9.7 31.5 7.4 25.8 15.4 41.1 10.2 34.8 4.9 22.6 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
JUMLAHTOTAL
Jumlah/Total Bumiputera Cina/Chinese India/Indians Lain-lain/Others
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 15
Jadual 1.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.5: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3.1 0.4 3.3 0.5 2.9 0.3 3.8 0.5 1.1 0.1
1,000 – 1,999 12.7 3.4 14.3 4.1 9.5 2.2 14.5 4.0 13.8 4.0
2,000 – 2,999 13.8 5.9 15.4 7.1 10.0 3.8 16.0 7.1 29.2 13.6
3,000 – 3,999 16.8 10.2 17.0 11.1 16.2 8.5 18.3 11.5 12.2 8.1
4,000 – 4,999 12.4 9.6 12.2 10.3 12.8 8.7 11.8 9.6 10.8 8.9
5,000 – 5,999 9.1 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.5 7.9 8.3 8.3 1.5 1.6
6,000 – 6,999 7.1 8.0 6.8 8.3 7.8 7.6 6.3 7.5 8.9 11.0
7,000 – 7,999 5.4 7.1 5.1 7.2 6.5 7.3 4.1 5.6 4.1 5.7
8,000 – 9,999 7.0 10.8 6.5 10.9 8.3 11.2 5.7 9.1 8.3 13.6
12.6 35.9 10.4 31.2 16.5 42.5 11.2 36.8 10.1 33.4 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
BANDARURBAN
Jumlah/Total Bumiputera Cina/Chinese India/Indians Lain-lain/Others
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 16
Jadual 1.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.5: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.5 2.3 9.6 2.4 7.0 1.4 10.7 2.4 15.8 5.0
1,000 – 1,999 30.6 14.9 31.7 15.8 21.2 8.4 24.6 10.8 32.6 19.4
2,000 – 2,999 21.6 17.1 22.0 17.8 18.2 11.8 20.3 15.2 16.9 17.4
3,000 – 3,999 16.1 18.0 15.6 17.8 21.4 19.4 17.2 18.1 22.5 31.7
4,000 – 4,999 7.7 11.2 7.4 10.9 10.7 12.3 9.4 12.7 7.6 13.8
5,000 – 5,999 4.7 8.3 4.4 8.0 6.6 9.4 7.1 12.0 1.9 4.6
6,000 – 6,999 3.0 6.3 2.9 6.2 4.5 7.7 3.0 6.0 1.4 3.8
7,000 – 7,999 2.1 5.0 1.9 4.8 3.4 6.6 2.6 5.9 0.4 1.2
8,000 – 9,999 2.3 6.8 2.3 6.7 3.2 7.6 2.7 7.2 0.9 3.1
2.4 10.1 2.2 9.6 3.8 15.4 2.4 9.7 - -10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
LUAR BANDARURBAN
Jumlah/Total Bumiputera Cina/Chinese India/Indians Lain-lain/Others
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 17
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
5.0 0.8 4.1 0.7 9.2 2.0 10.1 2.5 3.1 0.5
1,000 – 1,999 17.6 5.4 15.5 5.2 24.6 10.9 32.4 15.1 12.7 4.1
2,000 – 2,999 15.9 7.8 17.2 9.1 22.0 15.6 21.5 16.5 15.2 7.9
3,000 – 3,999 16.7 11.5 19.1 14.2 16.5 16.5 13.2 14.4 20.6 15.1
4,000 – 4,999 11.1 9.9 12.0 11.5 9.2 11.9 6.7 9.5 15.2 14.3
5,000 – 5,999 7.8 8.6 9.0 10.5 6.1 9.6 4.3 7.4 10.1 11.6
6,000 – 6,999 6.0 7.7 6.5 9.0 3.7 6.9 3.4 6.9 6.2 8.5
7,000 – 7,999 4.5 6.7 4.4 7.2 2.7 5.9 2.1 4.9 5.5 8.7
8,000 – 9,999 5.7 10.1 5.2 9.9 3.0 7.8 2.8 7.9 4.7 8.8
9.7 31.5 7.0 22.7 3.0 12.9 3.5 14.9 6.7 20.5 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
JUMLAHTOTAL
Jumlah/Total Johor Kedah Kelantan Melaka
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 18
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3.6 0.6 4.1 0.9 3.1 0.5 10.1 2.1
1,000 – 1,999 15.0 4.9 21.0 8.9 13.0 3.9 26.3 11.1
2,000 – 2,999 17.2 9.4 22.9 14.9 14.8 7.3 19.8 13.8
3,000 – 3,999 22.6 17.0 20.6 18.8 18.1 12.4 14.2 13.8
4,000 – 4,999 13.1 12.8 11.2 13.3 13.0 11.5 10.2 12.8
5,000 – 5,999 7.3 8.8 6.5 9.5 9.7 10.5 6.5 9.9
6,000 – 6,999 5.8 8.1 3.9 6.7 7.4 9.4 3.6 6.5
7,000 – 7,999 4.4 7.2 2.7 5.4 5.3 7.8 2.5 5.3
8,000 – 9,999 5.3 10.4 3.4 8.0 6.1 10.7 3.0 7.7
5.7 20.8 3.7 13.6 9.5 26.0 3.8 17.0 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
TOTALJUMLAH
Negeri Sembilan Pahang Pulau Pinang Perak
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 19
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.9 2.8 1.4 0.2 7.9 1.4 7.3 1.4
1,000 – 1,999 28.4 11.7 6.8 1.5 24.5 9.2 26.2 9.8
2,000 – 2,999 19.6 13.5 10.0 3.5 16.4 10.0 18.0 11.0
3,000 – 3,999 11.9 11.7 16.3 8.0 18.4 15.9 13.9 12.0
4,000 – 4,999 7.8 9.9 11.8 7.5 9.6 10.9 9.1 10.1
5,000 – 5,999 4.8 7.6 9.8 7.7 6.4 8.8 6.0 8.1
6,000 – 6,999 3.2 5.8 8.6 7.9 4.0 6.5 4.6 7.4
7,000 – 7,999 2.4 5.1 6.8 7.2 3.1 5.9 4.1 7.6
8,000 – 9,999 3.9 9.6 9.7 12.3 3.9 8.7 4.6 10.1
5.1 22.3 18.8 44.2 5.8 22.7 6.2 22.5 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distributionPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
Perlis Terengganu SabahSelangor
JUMLAHTOTAL
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 20
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
4.8 0.9 1.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 - -
1,000 – 1,999 26.6 9.1 5.0 0.9 10.9 2.6 1.2 0.3
2,000 – 2,999 17.1 9.8 6.6 1.9 10.6 4.2 2.5 0.8
3,000 – 3,999 15.7 12.5 14.4 5.9 15.8 8.5 8.9 3.8
4,000 – 4,999 10.1 10.4 13.6 7.1 11.2 8.0 13.5 7.7
5,000 – 5,999 5.6 7.2 10.7 6.9 12.0 10.5 17.2 11.7
6,000 – 6,999 4.5 6.8 9.5 7.2 6.1 6.3 11.7 9.2
7,000 – 7,999 3.5 6.1 6.8 5.9 7.1 8.5 9.5 8.7
8,000 – 9,999 4.5 9.4 9.0 9.3 10.2 14.4 10.7 11.6
7.6 27.8 23.2 54.8 15.1 36.9 24.8 46.2 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
Sarawak
JUMLAHTOTAL
W.P. Labuan W.P. PutrajayaW.P. Kuala Lumpur
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 21
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3.1 0.4 3.0 0.5 7.3 1.4 7.6 1.6 2.9 0.5
1,000 – 1,999 12.7 3.4 13.0 4.1 18.9 7.2 25.4 10.0 12.0 3.7
2,000 – 2,999 13.8 5.9 15.9 7.9 20.9 12.7 21.8 14.1 15.3 7.7
3,000 – 3,999 16.8 10.2 19.1 13.2 17.0 14.8 14.5 13.2 19.2 13.6
4,000 – 4,999 12.4 9.6 13.0 11.6 11.2 12.6 8.1 9.5 15.3 13.9
5,000 – 5,999 9.1 8.7 9.8 10.7 7.6 10.5 5.6 8.0 10.2 11.3
6,000 – 6,999 7.1 8.0 7.4 9.6 4.9 8.0 4.9 8.3 6.7 8.7
7,000 – 7,999 5.4 7.1 4.7 7.1 3.6 6.8 2.7 5.4 6.1 9.4
8,000 – 9,999 7.0 10.8 5.9 10.5 4.3 9.7 3.6 8.5 5.0 9.1
12.6 35.9 8.2 24.8 4.3 16.3 5.8 21.4 7.3 22.1 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
BANDARURBAN
Jumlah/Total Johor Kedah Kelantan Melaka
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 22
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3.2 0.5 4.0 0.7 2.4 0.3 7.9 1.5
1,000 – 1,999 13.5 4.0 16.5 5.8 11.9 3.4 21.6 8.2
2,000 – 2,999 13.9 6.9 18.7 10.5 14.3 6.8 19.2 12.0
3,000 – 3,999 21.4 14.7 19.1 15.1 17.6 11.6 15.7 13.6
4,000 – 4,999 14.4 12.7 13.2 13.4 13.7 11.5 12.0 13.4
5,000 – 5,999 7.4 8.1 8.1 10.3 9.8 10.2 8.1 11.1
6,000 – 6,999 7.3 9.4 5.7 8.2 7.7 9.5 3.9 6.3
7,000 – 7,999 5.4 7.9 3.6 6.1 5.5 7.9 3.1 5.9
8,000 – 9,999 6.8 12.1 4.9 9.8 6.4 10.8 3.6 8.2
6.7 23.7 6.2 20.1 10.7 28.0 4.9 19.8 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
Negeri Sembilan Pahang Pulau Pinang Perak
BANDARURBAN
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 23
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
7.2 1.2 1.0 0.1 6.9 1.1 4.2 0.7
1,000 – 1,999 23.5 7.1 5.5 1.2 19.8 6.4 21.4 7.0
2,000 – 2,999 16.8 8.8 9.2 3.1 13.4 7.1 16.4 8.7
3,000 – 3,999 11.9 8.7 16.3 7.7 19.9 14.8 14.5 10.7
4,000 – 4,999 9.6 9.2 11.7 7.2 11.8 11.5 10.7 10.2
5,000 – 5,999 6.0 7.0 10.1 7.6 7.2 8.6 7.2 8.4
6,000 – 6,999 4.3 5.8 8.7 7.7 4.1 5.8 5.9 8.1
7,000 – 7,999 3.8 6.0 7.1 7.3 3.8 6.2 5.5 8.7
8,000 – 9,999 7.0 12.9 10.2 12.4 4.6 9.1 5.9 11.2
9.9 33.3 20.2 45.7 8.5 29.4 8.3 26.3 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
Taburan peratusTaburan peratusPercentage distribution
BANDARURBAN
Selangor SabahTerengganuPerlis
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 24
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.5 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 - -
1,000 – 1,999 15.9 4.4 5.0 0.9 9.1 2.2 1.2 0.3
2,000 – 2,999 14.2 6.3 6.6 1.9 8.5 3.3 2.5 0.8
3,000 – 3,999 17.1 10.6 14.4 5.9 15.6 8.1 8.9 3.8
4,000 – 4,999 13.3 10.8 13.6 7.1 13.0 8.9 13.5 7.7
5,000 – 5,999 7.7 7.7 10.7 6.9 12.9 10.8 17.2 11.7
6,000 – 6,999 6.5 7.7 9.5 7.2 5.9 5.9 11.7 9.2
7,000 – 7,999 5.2 7.1 6.8 5.9 8.5 9.8 9.5 8.7
8,000 – 9,999 6.5 10.6 9.0 9.3 10.0 13.4 10.7 11.6
12.1 34.6 23.2 54.8 15.9 37.5 24.8 46.2 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratus Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
BANDARURBAN
W.P. Labuan W.P. PutrajayaSarawak W.P. Kuala Lumpur
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 25
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.5 2.3 7.5 1.5 12.8 3.8 11.9 3.4 3.7 0.7
1,000 – 1,999 30.6 14.9 23.0 9.9 34.8 21.2 37.6 20.4 16.7 6.7
2,000 – 2,999 21.6 17.1 21.1 14.3 23.9 23.5 21.2 19.0 14.7 8.9
3,000 – 3,999 16.1 18.0 19.1 18.3 15.4 21.2 12.1 15.6 27.3 24.6
4,000 – 4,999 7.7 11.2 9.0 11.1 5.7 10.2 5.8 9.5 14.7 16.5
5,000 – 5,999 4.7 8.3 6.4 9.4 3.3 7.2 3.4 6.8 9.4 13.2
6,000 – 6,999 3.0 6.3 3.9 6.9 1.5 4.0 2.3 5.6 4.1 6.8
7,000 – 7,999 2.1 5.0 3.5 7.3 1.2 3.5 1.6 4.3 2.4 4.6
8,000 – 9,999 2.3 6.8 3.0 7.2 0.6 2.1 2.2 7.2 3.3 7.4
2.4 10.1 3.5 14.1 0.8 3.3 1.9 8.2 3.7 10.6 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
LUAR BANDARRURAL
Jumlah/Total Johor Kedah Kelantan Melaka
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 26
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
4.1 0.8 4.2 1.1 6.6 1.2 14.3 3.8 16.8 4.6
1,000 – 1,999 17.5 6.7 25.7 13.5 18.9 7.2 34.7 18.6 31.6 17.1
2,000 – 2,999 22.5 14.6 27.4 21.5 17.3 10.6 20.9 18.4 21.5 19.2
3,000 – 3,999 24.5 22.1 22.2 24.4 20.4 17.8 11.4 14.2 11.9 15.2
4,000 – 4,999 11.1 12.8 9.2 13.2 9.9 11.1 7.0 11.1 6.6 10.7
5,000 – 5,999 7.0 10.1 4.7 8.5 9.0 12.3 3.4 6.7 4.0 8.2
6,000 – 6,999 3.3 5.5 2.1 4.3 5.6 9.0 3.0 7.0 2.4 5.8
7,000 – 7,999 2.9 5.7 1.9 4.5 3.9 7.4 1.4 3.8 1.5 4.0
8,000 – 9,999 2.9 6.8 1.7 5.2 4.7 10.7 2.0 6.4 1.8 5.7
4.2 14.9 0.9 3.8 3.7 12.7 1.9 10.0 1.9 9.5 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
LUAR BANDARRURAL
Negeri Sembilan Pahang Pulau Pinang Perak Perlis
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 27
Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kelas pendapatan
Income class
(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan
Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
5.7 1.2 9.3 2.0 12.4 3.2 8.9 2.6 2.2 0.3
1,000 – 1,999 21.0 8.4 31.0 14.9 34.3 17.4 40.0 21.0 16.4 4.3
2,000 – 2,999 19.2 12.5 20.4 15.9 20.7 17.2 20.9 18.5 16.9 7.4
3,000 – 3,999 17.0 15.4 16.3 18.0 13.0 15.4 13.9 17.3 16.4 10.2
4,000 – 4,999 12.5 14.6 6.7 9.6 6.4 9.8 6.0 9.6 6.0 4.8
5,000 – 5,999 7.0 10.0 5.2 9.2 3.9 7.3 2.9 5.7 9.3 9.2
6,000 – 6,999 7.0 11.9 3.9 8.0 2.5 5.6 2.0 4.7 6.6 7.6
7,000 – 7,999 3.0 5.9 2.1 5.1 1.8 4.6 1.4 3.8 2.7 3.7
8,000 – 9,999 4.3 9.7 2.8 8.0 2.3 7.0 1.9 6.2 10.9 18.0
3.3 10.4 2.3 9.3 2.7 12.5 2.1 10.6 12.6 34.5 10,000 and above
Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus
JumlahTotal
999 dan ke bawah999 and below
10,000 dan ke atas
Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution
LUAR BANDARRURAL
Selangor Terengganu Sabah Sarawak W.P. Labuan
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 28
Jadual 1.7: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.7: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012
Kumpulan isi rumahHousehold group
Terendah 10% 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 Bottom
" 20% 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.5
" 30% 9.3 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.8
" 40% 14.8 15.1 15.4 14.8 15.5
" 50% 21.4 21.9 22.1 21.3 21.8
" 60% 29.4 30.0 30.2 28.9 29.7
" 70% 39.1 39.8 40.0 38.3 38.9
" 80% 51.4 52.1 52.1 49.9 50.2
" 90% 67.7 68.6 68.1 65.6 66.3
Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,000 4,457 6,366 5,233 3,843 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 3,626 3,282 4,643 3,676 2,762 Median (RM/Month)
Pekali Gini 0.431 0.421 0.422 0.443 0.435 Gini coefficient
Total Chinese Indians Others
JUMLAHTOTAL
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Jumlah Bumiputera Cina India Lain-lain
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 29
Jadual 1.7: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.7: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kumpulan isi rumahHousehold group
Terendah 10% 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.4 Bottom
" 20% 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.2 6.7
" 30% 9.9 10.2 10.0 9.5 10.7
" 40% 15.6 16.0 15.6 15.0 15.5
" 50% 22.3 22.9 22.4 21.4 22.2
" 60% 30.4 31.1 30.5 29.0 28.9
" 70% 40.3 41.1 40.3 38.3 39.1
" 80% 52.5 53.4 52.4 49.8 51.2
" 90% 68.5 69.6 68.3 65.5 68.7
Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,742 5,301 6,622 5,491 5,323 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 4,238 4,001 4,877 3,830 3,488 Median (RM/Month)
Pekali Gini 0.417 0.406 0.418 0.442 0.432 Gini coefficient
Total Chinese Indians Others
BANDARURBAN
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Jumlah Bumiputera Cina India Lain-lain
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 30
Jadual 1.7: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.7: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kumpulan isi rumahHousehold group
Terendah 10% 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.9 Bottom
" 20% 6.3 6.4 6.0 5.8 7.0
" 30% 11.2 11.3 10.9 10.3 13.0
" 40% 17.1 17.3 17.0 16.3 18.7
" 50% 24.2 24.3 24.6 23.7 26.0
" 60% 32.7 32.8 33.3 32.9 35.8
" 70% 42.9 43.0 43.5 43.5 48.3
" 80% 55.2 55.2 55.6 56.6 61.7
" 90% 71.2 71.2 71.3 72.8 79.5
Purata (RM/Bulan) 3,080 3,010 3,806 3,271 2,432 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 2,372 2,308 3,118 2,624 2,117 Median (RM/Month)
Pekali Gini 0.382 0.380 0.381 0.382 0.328 Gini coefficient
Total Chinese Indians Others
LUAR BANDARRURAL
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Jumlah Bumiputera Cina India Lain-lain
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 31
Jadual 1.8: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut pekerjaan ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.8: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by occupation of head of household, Malaysia, 2012
Kumpulan isi rumah Jumlah Pengurus Profesional Juruteknik Pekerja PekerjaHousehold group dan sokongan perkhidmatan
profesional perkeranian dan jualanbersekutu
Total Managers Professionals Technician Clerical Service andand associate support sales workersprofessionals workers
Terendah 10% 1.9 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.4 2.6 Bottom
" 20% 5.1 6.4 7.4 8.5 8.3 6.6
" 30% 9.3 11.4 13.0 14.5 14.4 11.8
" 40% 14.8 17.3 19.6 21.5 21.4 18.3
" 50% 21.4 24.3 27.3 29.4 29.4 26.0
" 60% 29.4 32.5 36.4 38.5 38.6 35.0
" 70% 39.1 42.1 46.8 49.1 49.3 45.6
" 80% 51.4 54.0 58.9 61.4 62.0 58.4
" 90% 67.7 69.2 73.8 76.4 77.3 74.3
Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,000 12,020 9,606 6,098 4,896 4,215 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 3,626 8,983 8,007 5,184 4,144 3,496 Median (RM/Month)
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 32
Jadual 1.8: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut pekerjaan ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.8: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by occupation of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kumpulan isi rumah Pekerja Pekerja kemahiran Operator loji Pekerjaan PekerjaanHousehold group mahir pertanian, dan pekerja dan mesin asas yang tidak
perhutanan dan pertukangan serta dikelaskanperikanan yang berkaitan pemasang di mana-mana
Skilled Craft and Plant and Elementary Occupationagricultural, related trades machine- occupations not elsewhereforestry and fishery workers operators classifiedworkers and assemblers
Terendah 10% 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.0 1.9 Bottom
" 20% 7.3 7.0 8.5 7.3 4.8
" 30% 12.6 12.4 14.5 12.6 8.7
" 40% 19.0 18.8 21.6 18.9 13.6
" 50% 26.4 26.6 29.9 26.3 19.8
" 60% 35.3 35.5 39.2 35.1 27.7
" 70% 45.9 46.0 49.8 45.6 37.8
" 80% 58.3 58.5 62.1 58.2 50.5
" 90% 73.7 74.0 77.2 74.3 67.7
Purata (RM/Bulan) 2,823 3,872 3,691 2,892 3,029 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 2,285 3,232 3,252 2,334 2,107 Median (RM/Month)
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 33
Jadual 1.9: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.9: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012
Kumpulan isi rumah Jumlah Pertanian, Perlombongan Pembuatan Bekalan Bekalan air;Household group perhutanan dan elektrik, pembentungan,
dan pengkuarian gas, wap dan pengurusanperikanan pendingin sisa dan aktiviti
udara pemulihan
Total Agriculture, Mining and Manufacturing Electricity, Water supply;forestry and quarrying gas, steam and sewerage, wastefishing air conditioning management
supply and remediationactivities
Terendah 10% 1.9 2.9 1.8 2.5 2.7 2.1 Bottom
" 20% 5.1 7.0 4.7 6.3 7.0 6.0
" 30% 9.3 12.1 8.4 11.1 12.2 10.9
" 40% 14.8 18.2 12.8 17.1 18.8 16.7
" 50% 21.4 25.4 19.2 24.1 26.4 23.8
" 60% 29.4 33.9 27.1 32.4 34.6 32.1
" 70% 39.1 44.2 36.9 42.1 45.5 42.0
" 80% 51.4 56.2 50.3 54.1 57.2 54.3
" 90% 67.7 71.4 67.9 69.9 72.5 70.9
Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,000 2,902 9,406 5,233 7,200 4,217 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 3,626 2,250 6,462 3,957 5,827 3,157 Median (RM/Month)
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 34
Jadual 1.9: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.9: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kumpulan isi rumah Pembinaan Perdagangan Pengangkutan Penginapan MaklumatHousehold group borong dan dan aktiviti dan
dan runcit, penyimpanan perkhidmatan komunikasipembaikan makanankenderaan dan minumanbermotordan motosikal
Construction Wholesale Transportation Accommodation Informationand retail trade; and storage and food andrepair of motor service activies communicationvehicles andmotorcycles
Terendah 10% 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.9 Bottom
" 20% 5.4 5.7 6.9 6.2 7.1
" 30% 9.5 10.4 12.1 11.1 12.4
" 40% 14.8 16.2 18.3 17.2 18.8
" 50% 21.2 22.9 25.4 24.4 26.5
" 60% 28.9 30.9 33.6 33.0 35.6
" 70% 38.4 40.6 43.0 43.1 45.7
" 80% 50.3 52.5 54.7 55.6 58.0
" 90% 66.5 68.1 69.6 71.4 72.8
Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,409 5,565 4,963 4,432 9,195 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 3,810 4,049 3,727 3,474 7,536 Median (RM/Month)
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 35
Jadual 1.9: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.9: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kumpulan isi rumah Aktiviti Aktiviti Aktiviti Aktiviti Pentadbiran PendidikanHousehold group kewangan hartanah profesional, pentadbiran awam dan
dan saintifik dan khidmat pertahanan;insurans/ dan teknikal sokongan aktivititakaful keselamatan
sosial wajib
Financial Real estate Professional, Administrative Public Educationand activities scientific and support administrationinsurance/ and technical service and defence;takaful activities activities compulsoryactivities social security
Terendah 10% 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 3.3 2.6 Bottom
" 20% 7.4 6.5 6.2 5.6 8.1 6.9
" 30% 12.5 11.3 11.0 9.7 13.9 12.6
" 40% 18.6 17.8 17.0 14.7 20.6 19.5
" 50% 25.6 24.6 24.4 20.9 28.3 27.6
" 60% 33.7 32.0 33.1 28.3 37.3 37.3
" 70% 43.3 40.8 43.7 37.4 47.7 48.5
" 80% 54.6 51.6 56.8 48.7 60.0 61.6
" 90% 68.8 67.2 73.8 63.7 75.4 77.2
Purata (RM/Bulan) 9,394 9,883 8,553 4,222 5,600 7,186 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 7,005 7,247 6,789 2,846 4,629 6,399 Median (RM/Month)
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 36
Jadual 1.9: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.9: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
Kumpulan isi rumah Aktiviti Kesenian, Aktiviti Aktiviti isi rumah sebagaiHousehold group kesihatan hiburan perkhidmatan majikan, aktiviti mengeluarkan
kemanusiaan dan rekreasi lain barangan dan perkhidmatandan kerja yang tidak dapat dibezakansosial oleh isi rumah untuk
kegunaan sendiri 1
Human health Arts, Other Activities of householdsand social entertainment service as employers; undifferentiatedwork activities and recreation activities goods and services producing
activities of households forown use 1
Terendah 10% 1.6 2.3 2.2 3.5 Bottom
" 20% 4.4 5.5 5.9 8.6
" 30% 8.2 10.0 10.8 13.3
" 40% 13.0 15.2 16.9 20.0
" 50% 19.0 21.6 24.0 26.7
" 60% 26.0 29.3 32.3 35.5
" 70% 34.9 38.1 41.8 44.4
" 80% 46.9 49.4 54.1 56.5
" 90% 63.6 64.4 70.2 74.2
Purata (RM/Bulan) 6,812 6,342 4,604 2,294 Mean (RM/Month)
Penengah (RM/Bulan) 4,313 4,367 3,572 1,775 Median (RM/Month)
1 Termasuk aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah Including activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 37
JADUAL INSIDEN KEMISKINAN TABLES OF INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
Jadual 2.1: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.1: Incidence of poverty by ethnic group of head of household and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kumpulan etnikEthnic group Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
JUMLAH/TOTAL 1.7 1.0 3.4 0.2 0.1 0.6
Bumiputera 2.2 1.4 3.6 0.3 0.2 0.6
Cina/Chinese 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
India/Indians 1.8 1.5 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.8
Lain-Lain/Others 1.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jadual 2.2: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.2: Incidence of poverty by state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
NegeriState Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
Malaysia 1.7 1.0 3.4 0.2 0.1 0.6
Johor 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kedah 1.7 1.1 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.4
Kelantan 2.7 1.8 3.4 0.3 0.2 0.4
Melaka 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Negeri Sembilan 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0
Pahang 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pulau Pinang 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Perak 1.5 1.1 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.4
Perlis 1.9 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.2 0.6
Selangor 0.4 0.2 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Terengganu 1.7 1.5 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sabah 8.1 5.3 12.7 1.6 0.6 3.2
Sarawak 2.4 1.1 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.4
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 0.8 0.8 n.a. 0.1 0.1 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 1.1 0.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
W.P. Putrajaya - - n.a. - - n.a.
Insiden kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty
Miskin/Poor Miskin tegar/Hardcore poor
Insiden kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty
Miskin/Poor Miskin tegar/Hardcore poor
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 39
Jadual 2.3: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut jantina dan kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.3: Incidence of poverty by sex and ethnic group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kumpulan etnikEthnic group Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan
Total Male Female Total Male Female
JUMLAH/TOTAL 1.7 1.6 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3
Bumiputera 2.2 2.2 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.3
Cina/Chinese 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1
India/Indians 1.8 1.5 3.3 0.2 0.1 0.9
Lain-lain/Others 1.5 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jadual 2.4: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan umur ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.4: Incidence of poverty by age group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kumpulan umurAge group
Jumlah/Total 1.7 0.2
15 − 24 1.6 0.2
25 − 29 0.6 0.1
30 − 34 1.3 0.3
35 − 39 2.4 0.4
40 − 44 2.5 0.3
45 − 64 1.6 0.2
65 dan lebih 1.4 0.265 and over
Jadual 2.5: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut saiz isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.5: Incidence of poverty by household size, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Saiz isi rumahHousehold size
Jumlah/Total 1.7 0.2
Satu/One 0.1 0.0
Dua/Two 0.3 0.0
Tiga/Three 0.5 0.1
Empat/Four 0.7 0.1
Lima dan ke atas/Five and above 3.6 0.5
Insiden kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty
Miskin/Poor Miskin tegar/Hardcore poor
Insiden Kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty
Miskin/Poor Miskin tegar/Hardcore poor
Insiden kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty
Miskin/Poor Miskin tegar/Hardcore poor
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 40
JADUAL KEMUDAHAN ASAS (AM) TABLES OF BASIC AMENITIES (GENERAL)
Jadual 3.1: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.1: Percentage distribution of households by type of ownership of housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Dimiliki Disewa Kuarters Jumlah
Negeri Owned Rented Quarters Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 74.5 70.9 84.0 20.2 24.8 8.3 5.3 4.3 7.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 74.3 72.5 80.0 22.4 26.2 11.0 3.3 1.3 9.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 83.4 78.1 92.7 14.2 18.8 6.1 2.4 3.1 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 82.7 75.1 88.3 13.9 21.8 8.1 3.4 3.1 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 80.6 79.5 85.7 16.5 17.7 10.6 2.9 2.8 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 78.1 75.6 82.1 14.7 20.2 6.0 7.2 4.2 11.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 72.3 64.6 80.5 17.0 25.0 8.5 10.7 10.4 11.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 79.0 78.3 82.1 19.9 20.9 15.4 1.1 0.8 2.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 81.6 81.3 82.2 14.0 15.7 10.9 4.4 3.0 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 86.7 82.5 89.5 8.6 15.5 4.0 4.7 2.0 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 69.4 68.6 77.7 28.7 29.3 21.5 1.9 2.1 0.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 82.7 78.8 87.9 14.7 19.7 7.9 2.6 1.5 4.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 72.3 66.8 81.6 15.6 23.0 3.2 12.1 10.2 15.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 81.0 77.2 85.7 10.1 15.9 2.8 8.9 6.9 11.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 50.8 50.8 n.a. 42.7 42.7 n.a. 6.5 6.5 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 66.3 60.6 83.6 23.0 25.9 14.2 10.7 13.5 2.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 4.3 4.3 n.a. 7.4 7.4 n.a. 88.3 88.3 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 41
Jadual 3.2: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut keadaan rumah yang diduduki, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.2: Percentage distribution of households by condition of occupied housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kukuh Mulai buruk/Buruk Jumlah
Negeri Stable Deteriorating/Dilapidated Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 93.9 96.0 88.6 6.1 4.0 11.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 95.0 96.3 91.0 5.0 3.7 9.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 93.1 94.6 90.6 6.9 5.4 9.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 81.9 83.7 80.6 18.1 16.3 19.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 96.6 97.2 93.5 3.4 2.8 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 97.5 98.8 95.3 2.5 1.2 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 94.0 94.8 93.1 6.0 5.2 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 95.2 96.3 89.9 4.8 3.7 10.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 90.3 94.0 83.7 9.7 6.0 16.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 91.2 92.4 90.3 8.8 7.6 9.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 98.4 98.6 96.2 1.6 1.4 3.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 90.8 92.5 88.4 9.2 7.5 11.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 87.4 91.2 81.1 12.6 8.8 18.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 93.7 95.9 91.1 6.3 4.1 8.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 99.0 99.0 n.a. 1.0 1.0 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 93.7 93.2 95.1 6.3 6.8 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 99.7 99.7 n.a. 0.3 0.3 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 42
Jadual 3.3: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.3: Percentage distribution of households by type of outer wall building materials, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Batu Batu dan papan Papan Jumlah
Negeri Brick Brick and plank Plank Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 75.7 86.7 47.2 16.1 8.9 34.6 8.2 4.4 18.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 83.5 91.6 59.3 14.9 8.0 35.6 1.6 0.4 5.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 69.8 81.3 49.1 28.4 17.2 48.4 1.8 1.5 2.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 45.6 54.9 38.8 32.8 30.0 34.9 21.6 15.1 26.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 84.2 87.1 69.8 14.6 11.9 27.8 1.2 1.0 2.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 83.2 95.9 63.0 15.1 3.8 33.1 1.7 0.3 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 72.9 85.4 59.5 22.0 9.9 34.8 5.1 4.7 5.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 82.7 88.0 55.4 16.4 11.1 43.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 71.8 86.6 45.2 25.4 11.7 50.2 2.8 1.7 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 68.4 78.0 61.9 27.3 19.5 32.6 4.3 2.5 5.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 93.6 96.1 65.7 5.8 3.7 29.3 0.6 0.2 5.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 44.0 52.1 33.1 36.5 31.0 43.9 19.5 16.9 23.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 47.8 61.6 24.9 15.6 11.2 22.8 36.6 27.2 52.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 61.3 80.2 37.6 12.2 6.8 19.0 26.5 13.0 43.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 98.5 98.5 n.a. 1.5 1.5 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 65.1 70.0 50.3 14.8 14.1 16.9 20.1 15.9 32.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 43
Jadual 3.4: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.4: Percentage distribution of households by type of water supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Air paip dalam rumah Air paip awam Lain-lain Jumlah
Negeri Piped water inside house Public water stand pipe Others Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 93.7 98.5 81.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 6.1 1.4 18.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 99.7 99.8 99.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 97.7 98.9 95.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 2.1 0.8 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 57.5 68.3 49.6 0.1 0.1 - 42.4 31.6 50.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 99.9 100.0 99.6 - - - 0.1 - 0.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 99.9 99.8 100.0 - - - 0.1 0.2 - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 98.8 99.3 98.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 1.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 99.8 99.7 99.6 - 0.1 - 0.2 0.2 0.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 98.1 99.7 95.3 0.1 - 0.2 1.8 0.3 4.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 99.4 99.8 99.2 0.2 - 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 91.3 95.4 85.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 8.2 4.1 14.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 79.0 94.4 52.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 20.3 4.9 46.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 80.8 99.6 57.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 18.9 0.2 42.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 98.4 99.1 95.7 0.8 - 3.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 44
Jadual 3.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.5: Percentage distribution of households by accessibility to electricity supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kemudahan bekalan elektrik Tiada bekalan elektrik Jumlah
Negeri Accessible to electricity No electricity Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 99.8 99.9 99.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 99.8 100.0 99.7 0.2 - 0.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 99.9 99.9 99.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 99.8 - - 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 99.9 99.9 100.0 0.1 0.1 - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 99.9 99.9 99.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 98.5 99.7 96.4 1.5 0.3 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 99.2 99.8 98.3 0.8 0.2 1.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 45
Jadual 3.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.6: Percentage distribution of households by type of toilet used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Tandas tarik Tandas curah/siram Lain-lain Jumlah
Negeri Flush toilet Pour flush Others Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 80.1 90.8 52.5 19.2 8.8 46.0 0.7 0.4 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 90.7 96.0 74.8 9.3 4.0 25.1 - - 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 57.4 75.4 25.4 42.6 24.6 74.6 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 43.1 56.4 33.3 56.9 43.6 66.5 - - 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 90.0 90.5 87.8 10.0 9.5 12.2 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 91.3 98.5 79.3 8.7 1.3 20.6 - 0.2 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 83.4 90.7 75.7 16.5 9.3 24.2 0.1 - 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 82.9 90.1 46.9 17.1 9.9 53.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 76.0 90.2 50.3 23.7 9.6 49.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 57.5 74.4 46.1 42.5 25.6 53.9 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 98.5 99.8 84.3 1.5 0.2 15.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 52.8 64.5 36.9 47.0 35.5 62.6 0.2 - 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 61.6 74.6 40.0 31.1 20.2 49.2 7.3 5.2 10.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 68.1 89.5 41.1 31.1 10.3 57.3 0.8 0.2 1.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 84.9 86.7 79.3 13.4 12.1 17.5 1.7 1.2 3.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 46
Jadual 3.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.7: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 77.6 12.3 10.1 100.0 77.9 9.0 13.1
Johor 100.0 78.1 14.2 7.7 100.0 84.4 8.6 7.0
Kedah 100.0 86.8 9.6 3.6 100.0 74.3 16.7 9.0
Kelantan 100.0 83.7 9.8 6.5 100.0 65.3 16.2 18.5
Melaka 100.0 87.2 8.9 3.9 100.0 85.7 10.5 3.8
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 76.5 14.7 8.8 100.0 72.1 11.4 16.5
Pahang 100.0 85.4 9.2 5.4 100.0 62.0 11.6 26.4
Pulau Pinang 100.0 97.0 2.5 0.5 100.0 98.4 1.4 0.2
Perak 100.0 78.2 15.3 6.5 100.0 72.8 12.4 14.8
Perlis 100.0 79.3 16.4 4.3 100.0 63.6 20.5 15.9
Selangor 100.0 68.7 16.7 14.6 100.0 93.9 3.8 2.3
Terengganu 100.0 85.9 7.2 6.9 100.0 70.7 12.7 16.6
Sabah 100.0 71.6 13.1 15.3 100.0 60.6 12.1 27.3
Sarawak 100.0 53.8 14.8 31.4 100.0 47.4 10.4 42.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 93.4 5.8 0.8 100.0 98.7 1.3 -
W.P. Labuan 100.0 86.9 10.7 2.4 100.0 20.8 20.8 58.4
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 97.5 - 2.5
Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres
Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 47
Jadual 3.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.7: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 100.0 80.2 12.4 7.4 100.0 91.6 5.6 2.8
Johor 100.0 79.1 14.6 6.3 100.0 92.7 5.9 1.4
Kedah 100.0 89.4 9.0 1.6 100.0 91.7 7.4 0.9
Kelantan 100.0 93.4 5.3 1.3 100.0 91.1 5.7 3.2
Melaka 100.0 86.2 9.1 4.7 100.0 92.5 7.4 0.1
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 74.9 16.8 8.3 100.0 87.3 9.6 3.1
Pahang 100.0 89.2 9.7 1.1 100.0 87.8 8.9 3.3
Pulau Pinang 100.0 98.2 1.8 - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 78.6 16.8 4.6 100.0 88.3 8.3 3.4
Perlis 100.0 88.1 10.1 1.8 100.0 79.8 12.8 7.4
Selangor 100.0 68.0 17.1 14.9 100.0 96.0 2.4 1.6
Terengganu 100.0 94.8 2.9 2.3 100.0 92.5 5.3 2.2
Sabah 100.0 81.5 11.4 7.1 100.0 83.3 9.8 6.9
Sarawak 100.0 65.5 18.7 15.8 100.0 74.2 14.1 11.7
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 93.4 5.8 0.8 100.0 98.7 1.3 -
W.P. Labuan 100.0 85.9 11.8 2.3 100.0 25.9 25.9 48.2
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 97.5 - 2.5
Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres
Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 48
Jadual 3.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.7: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 70.8 12.0 17.2 100.0 42.1 18.0 39.9
Johor 100.0 74.8 13.3 11.9 100.0 59.0 17.0 24.0
Kedah 100.0 81.8 10.9 7.3 100.0 43.5 33.2 23.3
Kelantan 100.0 76.7 13.0 10.3 100.0 46.4 23.9 29.7
Melaka 100.0 92.2 7.8 - 100.0 52.7 25.3 22.0
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 79.0 11.4 9.6 100.0 47.8 14.4 37.8
Pahang 100.0 81.5 8.5 10.0 100.0 34.6 14.5 50.9
Pulau Pinang 100.0 91.3 5.8 2.9 100.0 90.2 8.4 1.4
Perak 100.0 77.7 12.4 9.9 100.0 45.1 19.6 35.3
Perlis 100.0 73.4 20.6 6.0 100.0 52.8 25.6 21.6
Selangor 100.0 76.0 13.3 10.7 100.0 70.2 20.0 9.8
Terengganu 100.0 73.8 13.0 13.2 100.0 40.8 22.9 36.3
Sabah 100.0 55.1 15.9 29.0 100.0 22.6 16.1 61.3
Sarawak 100.0 39.1 9.9 51.0 100.0 13.6 5.6 80.8
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 89.7 7.6 2.7 100.0 4.9 5.5 89.6
W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres
Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 49
Jadual 3.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.8: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 95.4 3.1 1.5 100.0 84.0 8.8 7.2
Johor 100.0 95.7 3.7 0.6 100.0 87.0 9.6 3.4
Kedah 100.0 99.2 0.8 - 100.0 88.4 9.2 2.4
Kelantan 100.0 97.0 1.9 1.1 100.0 85.9 9.3 4.8
Melaka 100.0 97.3 2.5 0.2 100.0 85.8 12.8 1.4
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 93.1 6.0 0.9 100.0 81.6 12.1 6.3
Pahang 100.0 96.9 2.3 0.8 100.0 84.0 8.1 7.9
Pulau Pinang 100.0 98.2 1.8 - 100.0 97.4 2.6 -
Perak 100.0 96.5 3.0 0.5 100.0 84.7 9.8 5.5
Perlis 100.0 94.3 4.6 1.1 100.0 85.9 9.3 4.8
Selangor 100.0 93.8 4.1 2.1 100.0 89.4 7.8 2.8
Terengganu 100.0 98.8 1.2 - 100.0 82.0 10.0 8.0
Sabah 100.0 92.1 4.6 3.3 100.0 67.7 13.6 18.7
Sarawak 100.0 90.7 3.4 5.9 100.0 58.1 10.2 31.7
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 99.4 0.6 - 100.0 98.1 1.7 0.2
W.P. Labuan 100.0 92.6 7.4 - 100.0 76.1 20.5 3.4
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school
Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 50
Jadual 3.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.8: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 100.0 96.7 2.7 0.6 100.0 91.5 6.5 2.0
Johor 100.0 96.9 3.0 0.1 100.0 92.0 7.2 0.8
Kedah 100.0 99.3 0.7 - 100.0 95.1 4.6 0.3
Kelantan 100.0 99.8 0.2 - 100.0 97.9 2.1 -
Melaka 100.0 97.5 2.2 0.3 100.0 89.6 9.3 1.1
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 92.6 6.5 0.9 100.0 88.0 9.3 2.7
Pahang 100.0 97.7 2.3 - 100.0 95.0 4.0 1.0
Pulau Pinang 100.0 97.8 2.2 - 100.0 98.3 1.7 -
Perak 100.0 98.1 1.8 0.1 100.0 91.4 5.8 2.8
Perlis 100.0 97.1 2.7 0.2 100.0 93.5 5.4 1.1
Selangor 100.0 93.9 4.2 1.9 100.0 90.2 7.3 2.5
Terengganu 100.0 99.6 0.4 - 100.0 91.2 8.3 0.5
Sabah 100.0 96.2 3.0 0.8 100.0 83.5 11.8 4.7
Sarawak 100.0 96.8 2.6 0.6 100.0 83.0 10.1 6.9
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 99.4 0.6 - 100.0 98.1 1.7 0.2
W.P. Labuan 100.0 94.1 5.9 - 100.0 76.2 20.6 3.2
W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school
Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 51
Jadual 3.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.8: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 92.4 4.0 3.6 100.0 64.8 14.7 20.5
Johor 100.0 92.1 5.8 2.1 100.0 71.8 16.8 11.4
Kedah 100.0 99.0 1.0 - 100.0 76.6 17.2 6.2
Kelantan 100.0 95.0 3.2 1.8 100.0 77.1 14.7 8.2
Melaka 100.0 95.9 4.1 - 100.0 67.3 30.2 2.5
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 93.8 5.2 1.0 100.0 71.3 16.6 12.1
Pahang 100.0 96.0 2.4 1.6 100.0 72.2 12.6 15.2
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 92.6 7.4 -
Perak 100.0 93.5 5.2 1.3 100.0 72.7 16.9 10.4
Perlis 100.0 92.4 6.0 1.6 100.0 80.8 11.9 7.3
Selangor 100.0 93.2 2.5 4.3 100.0 80.3 13.0 6.7
Terengganu 100.0 97.6 2.4 - 100.0 69.5 12.4 18.1
Sabah 100.0 85.2 7.2 7.6 100.0 41.1 16.7 42.2
Sarawak 100.0 83.0 4.4 12.6 100.0 26.7 10.4 62.9
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 88.0 12.0 - 100.0 76.0 20.2 3.8
W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school
Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 52
Jadual 3.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.9: Percentage distribution of households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Tiada Satu Dua
Negeri None One Two
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 0.6 0.3 1.5 4.4 2.7 8.8 18.2 16.1 23.5
Johor - - - 1.8 1.4 3.1 19.9 20.1 19.5
Kedah 1.4 0.7 2.7 6.9 4.7 10.8 19.8 14.6 29.1
Kelantan 0.8 0.8 0.8 9.2 5.7 11.8 25.1 22.1 27.3
Melaka - - - 1.6 1.3 2.9 14.3 14.3 14.7
Negeri Sembilan - - - 2.1 1.6 2.8 9.5 8.3 11.4
Pahang 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.9 2.2 3.6 13.6 12.8 14.4
Pulau Pinang - 0.1 - 2.2 1.9 3.5 25.2 25.8 22.0
Perak 0.2 - 0.4 5.2 2.0 11.0 15.5 10.4 24.9
Perlis 0.3 0.2 0.3 7.4 6.1 8.2 22.3 18.4 25.0
Selangor - - - 0.9 0.6 3.8 11.4 10.7 18.5
Terengganu 0.6 0.3 1.0 4.9 3.6 6.7 21.6 20.6 22.9
Sabah 1.7 1.5 2.0 9.6 8.5 11.3 25.0 22.5 29.1
Sarawak 3.5 1.3 6.3 11.8 7.0 17.7 23.0 18.2 29.1
W.P. Kuala Lumpur - - n.a. 2.1 2.1 n.a. 21.5 21.5 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 0.2 0.3 - 5.6 4.7 8.2 16.9 16.8 17.5
W.P. Putrajaya - - n.a. 0.3 0.3 n.a. - - n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 53
Jadual 3.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.9: Percentage distribution of households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Tiga Empat dan lebih Jumlah
Negeri Three Four and more Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 50.9 54.6 41.5 25.9 26.3 24.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 54.4 57.0 46.8 23.9 21.5 30.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 50.9 57.2 39.7 21.0 22.8 17.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 39.4 41.8 37.7 25.5 29.6 22.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 57.8 58.0 57.1 26.3 26.4 25.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 60.5 61.8 58.4 27.9 28.3 27.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 53.7 58.0 49.2 29.4 26.7 32.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 51.1 51.2 50.6 21.5 21.0 23.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 52.8 58.5 42.5 26.3 29.1 21.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 45.6 49.3 43.1 24.4 26.0 23.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 57.0 57.6 50.7 30.7 31.1 27.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 41.4 42.7 39.7 31.5 32.8 29.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 41.0 46.8 31.2 22.7 20.7 26.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 34.8 39.9 28.4 26.9 33.6 18.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 58.5 58.5 n.a. 17.9 17.9 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 44.4 46.2 38.8 32.9 32.0 35.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 78.5 78.5 n.a. 21.2 21.2 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 54
Jadual 3.10: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.10: Percentage distribution of households by garbage collection facility, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Tempat kediaman Kawasan 1 Tiada Jumlah
Negeri Living quarters Area None Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 50.2 61.1 22.0 27.5 30.1 20.7 22.3 8.8 57.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 69.5 79.0 40.8 15.6 15.2 16.5 14.9 5.8 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 12.7 18.8 1.9 41.7 57.0 14.5 45.6 24.2 83.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 7.9 14.3 3.2 32.4 48.8 20.4 59.7 36.9 76.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 67.7 68.5 63.7 20.9 20.9 20.8 11.4 10.6 15.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 73.8 88.8 49.9 8.3 8.5 7.8 17.9 2.7 42.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 51.8 59.1 43.9 30.3 32.9 27.5 17.9 8.0 28.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 51.8 55.9 31.5 41.2 39.7 48.8 7.0 4.4 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 60.9 80.8 24.8 13.0 13.0 12.9 26.1 6.2 62.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 15.9 34.1 3.7 15.6 15.7 15.5 68.5 50.2 80.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 62.3 64.6 36.5 35.0 34.7 39.0 2.7 0.7 24.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 7.6 10.8 3.2 57.5 66.8 44.8 34.9 22.4 52.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 22.2 32.2 5.6 20.3 30.1 4.0 57.5 37.7 90.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 46.6 71.5 15.2 25.1 26.2 23.6 28.3 2.3 61.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 82.1 82.1 n.a. 17.9 17.9 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 26.6 30.9 13.7 66.4 62.1 79.8 7.0 7.0 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Putrajaya 28.5 28.5 n.a. 71.5 71.5 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
1 Kutipan sampah di tempat pengumpulan yang jaraknya melebihi 100 meter dari tempat kediaman Garbage collection at the collection centre located more than 100 metres from living quarters
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 55
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator
scooter machine
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 77.8 66.0 29.1 37.6 90.5 96.2
Johor 83.1 74.3 31.2 37.7 96.5 98.4
Kedah 73.6 85.0 35.5 26.1 91.2 96.0
Kelantan 67.5 85.6 31.4 15.8 90.0 95.3
Melaka 83.5 72.3 35.9 47.0 95.9 98.7
Negeri Sembilan 80.5 72.6 24.5 38.0 92.5 98.2
Pahang 80.1 82.5 31.5 27.1 94.6 97.1
Pulau Pinang 81.1 74.6 37.0 43.7 94.8 97.7
Perak 73.5 80.4 46.3 38.1 92.0 97.8
Perlis 68.5 85.9 47.9 25.1 91.6 95.7
Selangor 87.8 58.0 28.4 52.6 94.4 98.1
Terengganu 72.1 81.3 31.9 18.3 91.3 94.5
Sabah 62.7 23.7 12.3 25.9 72.3 87.9
Sarawak 60.8 52.1 16.2 32.5 74.2 90.7
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 89.2 52.4 19.4 50.8 97.1 99.2
W.P. Labuan 81.3 40.0 27.9 50.2 94.6 97.6
W.P. Putrajaya 98.5 57.1 16.6 34.7 95.4 97.2
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 56
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water
stove stove charcoal stove filter
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 95.5 2.1 4.5 27.7 35.9
Johor 96.8 1.4 1.6 26.0 29.2
Kedah 95.0 1.5 4.0 18.2 33.5
Kelantan 96.0 1.7 12.1 16.2 21.7
Melaka 99.0 2.4 4.5 35.0 50.9
Negeri Sembilan 95.3 2.8 0.8 17.2 30.8
Pahang 94.6 11.8 4.0 25.6 36.0
Pulau Pinang 95.6 - - 22.5 43.5
Perak 94.8 3.8 4.9 27.8 34.9
Perlis 95.6 2.9 1.9 17.1 44.8
Selangor 94.6 - - 40.2 47.9
Terengganu 95.2 3.2 9.0 18.1 28.5
Sabah 95.4 1.5 7.3 17.5 22.1
Sarawak 94.7 3.8 19.5 24.0 20.8
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 97.3 - - 44.5 56.1
W.P. Labuan 98.0 3.0 1.2 46.1 44.0
W.P. Putrajaya 99.7 - - 20.9 29.1
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 57
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone Fixed-line
computer subscription telephone
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 21.0 46.3 15.3 38.7 95.0 28.8
Johor 19.0 45.5 12.2 39.5 95.2 30.0
Kedah 16.0 38.6 8.6 26.9 95.2 19.7
Kelantan 14.8 29.4 4.9 17.1 92.3 12.6
Melaka 28.2 50.2 21.1 47.8 95.9 48.6
Negeri Sembilan 17.9 29.7 6.7 29.3 89.9 38.7
Pahang 19.3 47.4 9.6 31.1 95.5 25.7
Pulau Pinang 24.0 45.6 10.7 43.0 95.5 37.4
Perak 19.6 34.7 9.3 30.2 91.2 34.6
Perlis 11.3 42.7 7.3 28.2 93.1 25.6
Selangor 28.7 57.6 26.5 55.0 97.2 33.0
Terengganu 12.9 42.1 9.4 26.2 92.9 17.4
Sabah 16.3 45.3 10.7 27.3 95.2 17.1
Sarawak 16.7 41.8 9.5 25.4 94.2 21.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 28.2 64.7 37.4 68.2 98.8 39.9
W.P. Labuan 23.3 68.6 21.4 47.5 98.4 30.5
W.P. Putrajaya 20.2 72.4 42.3 82.5 100.0 23.3
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 58
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TV Negeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV
video DVD player channel
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 28.7 68.9 65.4 97.7 57.4
Johor 28.4 84.2 74.3 99.0 46.8
Kedah 19.6 66.1 58.2 97.7 38.7
Kelantan 12.7 67.1 44.0 96.8 38.8
Melaka 34.2 80.0 69.9 99.1 65.8
Negeri Sembilan 15.7 65.7 51.0 97.9 65.8
Pahang 24.2 75.4 61.5 98.2 69.5
Pulau Pinang 31.4 69.8 72.0 98.3 62.0
Perak 25.1 78.0 62.4 98.3 55.7
Perlis 16.6 58.0 46.8 98.1 38.8
Selangor 40.5 61.3 70.7 98.1 70.4
Terengganu 16.0 57.6 42.4 95.6 43.0
Sabah 20.7 48.6 62.0 93.9 58.5
Sarawak 19.6 72.6 71.8 95.9 39.3
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 56.2 78.1 75.3 99.5 80.2
W.P. Labuan 29.9 52.8 65.2 98.2 91.0
W.P. Putrajaya 44.5 45.1 62.6 99.4 85.6
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 59
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator
scooter machine
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 83.6 61.5 28.6 46.8 93.5 97.5
Johor 86.0 70.0 29.3 44.0 97.2 98.7
Kedah 79.2 81.1 37.6 36.9 91.6 96.3
Kelantan 74.6 81.9 35.2 25.1 92.9 96.9
Melaka 83.9 69.0 35.0 49.4 95.9 98.8
Negeri Sembilan 84.6 64.8 24.5 49.1 92.6 98.3
Pahang 84.2 74.3 32.1 38.7 94.4 96.7
Pulau Pinang 82.1 72.2 33.5 48.3 94.9 97.8
Perak 80.0 77.7 46.1 50.2 94.4 98.7
Perlis 73.8 80.0 51.6 40.4 94.4 96.0
Selangor 89.1 55.5 27.7 55.0 94.6 98.3
Terengganu 76.7 77.7 31.9 24.2 92.0 94.7
Sabah 70.5 17.2 10.9 36.9 80.9 91.5
Sarawak 79.4 49.3 18.7 51.8 89.2 96.6
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 89.2 52.4 19.4 50.8 97.1 99.2
W.P. Labuan 83.5 37.4 26.5 53.2 95.0 97.9
W.P. Putrajaya 98.5 57.1 16.6 34.7 95.4 97.2
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 60
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water
stove stove charcoal stove filter
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 95.5 1.4 1.6 32.7 41.8
Johor 96.8 1.2 1.4 29.2 32.1
Kedah 94.6 1.1 1.5 22.9 39.8
Kelantan 96.0 2.0 8.3 23.4 30.1
Melaka 99.0 2.2 4.6 36.2 54.8
Negeri Sembilan 95.7 3.1 0.8 21.1 33.3
Pahang 92.7 10.5 2.0 30.9 37.8
Pulau Pinang 95.7 - - 23.6 45.3
Perak 95.0 2.9 4.2 33.5 42.8
Perlis 97.1 2.9 0.4 24.2 54.0
Selangor 94.6 - - 41.5 49.7
Terengganu 95.4 1.8 2.7 20.8 33.3
Sabah 95.3 1.3 2.2 21.5 27.9
Sarawak 94.6 1.8 4.0 35.0 32.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 97.3 - - 44.5 56.1
W.P. Labuan 97.9 3.2 1.2 46.5 46.8
W.P. Putrajaya 99.7 - - 20.9 29.1
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 61
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone Fixed-line
computer subscription telephone
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 25.0 52.3 19.4 47.0 96.4 32.6
Johor 20.0 48.7 14.2 44.5 96.1 30.3
Kedah 22.3 45.3 12.1 34.3 96.3 25.6
Kelantan 21.1 38.5 7.8 26.1 92.8 21.5
Melaka 27.9 52.2 22.5 49.3 96.0 46.6
Negeri Sembilan 22.3 33.3 8.1 34.6 92.0 40.7
Pahang 26.6 54.5 15.1 41.3 97.1 24.8
Pulau Pinang 25.2 47.1 11.5 45.2 96.1 39.2
Perak 24.3 39.3 12.1 36.5 92.4 37.6
Perlis 14.8 55.6 12.6 40.4 94.2 33.6
Selangor 29.7 60.1 28.0 57.7 97.4 34.1
Terengganu 15.2 46.0 12.2 33.6 93.5 22.2
Sabah 21.3 53.0 15.0 36.7 97.0 23.1
Sarawak 25.3 54.3 14.8 39.3 98.5 30.6
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 28.2 64.7 37.4 68.2 98.8 39.9
W.P. Labuan 25.0 71.2 22.4 50.6 98.8 32.9
W.P. Putrajaya 20.2 72.4 42.3 82.5 100.0 23.3
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 62
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TV Negeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV
video DVD player channel
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 34.8 69.7 69.9 98.2 62.5
Johor 32.0 86.0 77.6 99.2 48.2
Kedah 25.9 68.5 63.3 98.1 47.3
Kelantan 17.4 67.9 47.9 96.9 44.7
Melaka 35.0 78.8 70.9 99.1 66.2
Negeri Sembilan 18.0 66.0 54.9 98.0 68.6
Pahang 32.2 73.9 64.7 97.7 67.8
Pulau Pinang 33.0 69.3 73.1 98.2 63.5
Perak 31.8 80.6 69.1 98.6 59.6
Perlis 26.9 58.7 52.9 98.4 48.4
Selangor 42.4 61.4 72.1 98.2 72.1
Terengganu 19.2 57.3 45.3 96.0 42.2
Sabah 25.6 51.1 66.2 96.6 63.5
Sarawak 29.8 74.7 80.4 98.1 50.8
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 56.2 78.1 75.3 99.5 80.2
W.P. Labuan 31.8 52.4 65.3 97.9 92.9
W.P. Putrajaya 44.5 45.1 62.6 99.4 85.6
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 63
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator
scooter machine
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 62.7 77.6 30.4 13.8 82.9 93.0
Johor 74.5 87.1 36.8 18.9 94.3 97.5
Kedah 63.5 91.9 31.6 7.1 90.5 95.3
Kelantan 62.3 88.4 28.7 9.1 87.9 94.1
Melaka 81.6 88.2 40.0 35.1 95.5 98.4
Negeri Sembilan 73.9 85.0 24.5 20.2 92.5 98.2
Pahang 75.8 91.3 30.8 14.9 94.8 97.5
Pulau Pinang 76.3 86.8 54.5 20.6 94.0 97.5
Perak 61.6 85.3 46.7 16.3 87.8 96.2
Perlis 65.0 89.8 45.5 14.8 89.7 95.5
Selangor 73.3 85.8 36.5 26.3 92.0 96.5
Terengganu 66.0 86.1 31.8 10.3 90.4 94.4
Sabah 49.7 34.6 14.7 7.4 57.9 81.8
Sarawak 37.3 55.7 12.9 8.3 55.4 83.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 74.3 48.1 32.2 41.0 93.4 96.7
W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 64
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water
stove stove charcoal stove filter
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 95.6 4.0 11.9 14.7 20.7
Johor 97.0 2.1 2.2 16.6 20.8
Kedah 95.8 2.2 8.4 9.9 22.2
Kelantan 96.0 1.5 14.8 10.9 15.6
Melaka 98.8 2.9 4.1 29.4 31.8
Negeri Sembilan 94.8 2.3 0.8 10.9 26.8
Pahang 96.5 13.2 6.2 20.1 34.1
Pulau Pinang 95.1 - - 17.3 34.6
Perak 94.5 5.4 6.2 17.3 20.7
Perlis 94.5 2.9 2.9 12.3 38.5
Selangor 95.0 - - 25.5 28.5
Terengganu 94.8 5.0 17.4 14.5 22.0
Sabah 95.6 1.9 15.8 10.8 12.5
Sarawak 94.8 6.2 39.0 10.1 6.4
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 98.4 2.2 1.1 44.8 35.5
W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 65
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone Fixed-line
computer subscription telephone
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 10.8 30.6 4.5 17.2 91.6 18.8
Johor 15.8 35.8 6.3 24.4 92.5 29.3
Kedah 4.7 26.7 2.5 13.7 93.2 9.2
Kelantan 10.1 22.8 2.8 10.5 92.0 6.1
Melaka 29.4 40.8 14.3 40.4 95.1 58.4
Negeri Sembilan 10.9 23.8 4.4 20.7 86.6 35.6
Pahang 11.5 39.9 3.7 20.4 93.8 26.7
Pulau Pinang 18.1 38.3 6.4 32.1 92.6 28.6
Perak 11.2 26.4 4.3 18.7 89.0 29.3
Perlis 8.9 34.0 3.7 20.0 92.4 20.2
Selangor 17.8 30.0 9.8 24.0 94.8 20.8
Terengganu 9.7 36.8 5.6 16.2 92.0 11.0
Sabah 7.9 32.5 3.4 11.6 92.3 7.0
Sarawak 5.7 26.1 2.9 7.9 88.9 9.3
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 18.0 60.7 18.6 38.2 97.3 23.0
W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 66
Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TV Negeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV
video DVD player channel
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 13.0 66.7 53.6 96.1 44.2
Johor 17.8 78.9 64.3 98.6 42.5
Kedah 8.5 61.9 49.2 97.0 23.4
Kelantan 9.2 66.5 41.2 96.7 34.4
Melaka 30.2 85.7 64.9 98.8 63.7
Negeri Sembilan 12.1 65.3 44.7 97.9 61.2
Pahang 15.7 77.1 58.1 98.7 71.3
Pulau Pinang 23.0 72.6 66.7 99.2 54.3
Perak 12.8 73.1 50.2 97.7 48.5
Perlis 9.7 57.6 42.7 97.9 32.3
Selangor 19.3 59.8 55.2 97.7 51.0
Terengganu 11.5 58.0 38.4 94.9 44.1
Sabah 12.6 44.5 54.9 89.4 50.1
Sarawak 6.7 70.0 60.9 93.1 24.7
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 24.0 54.1 65.0 98.9 85.2
W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 67
JADUAL KEMUDAHAN ASAS (ISI RUMAH MISKIN) TABLES OF BASIC AMENITIES (POOR HOUSEHOLD)
Jadual 4.1: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.1: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of ownership of housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Dimiliki Disewa Kuarters Jumlah
Negeri Owned Rented Quarters Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 72.8 53.9 87.6 24.0 42.6 9.4 3.2 3.5 3.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 61.1 42.1 91.7 38.9 57.9 8.3 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 77.5 60.6 90.3 22.5 39.4 9.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 81.8 73.8 84.9 12.9 22.7 9.1 5.3 3.5 6.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 50.0 50.0 - 50.0 50.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 13.7 - 50.0 86.3 100.0 50.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 43.8 27.3 57.2 48.2 63.6 35.7 8.0 9.1 7.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 55.2 44.4 80.0 44.8 55.6 20.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 61.7 59.1 64.0 36.2 40.9 32.0 2.1 - 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 41.8 30.0 55.6 58.2 70.0 44.4 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 80.5 67.5 93.5 19.5 32.5 6.5 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 82.3 64.7 94.7 12.0 27.2 1.3 5.7 8.1 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 88.4 69.3 94.9 11.0 30.7 4.2 0.6 - 0.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5.0 5.0 n.a. 95.0 95.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 88.1 100.0 80.3 11.9 - 19.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 69
Jadual 4.2: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut keadaan unit perumahan yang diduduki, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.2: Percentage distribution of poor households by condition of occupied housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kukuh Mulai buruk/Buruk Jumlah
Negeri Stable Deteriorating/Dilapidated Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 74.9 77.1 73.3 25.1 22.9 26.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 77.5 84.2 66.7 22.5 15.8 33.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 80.9 74.4 85.9 19.1 25.6 14.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 71.8 73.2 71.3 28.2 26.8 28.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 76.1 81.8 71.4 23.9 18.2 28.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 72.4 77.8 60.0 27.6 22.2 40.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 72.4 77.3 68.0 27.6 22.7 32.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 69.9 75.0 68.7 30.1 25.0 31.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 94.9 100.0 88.9 5.1 - 11.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 81.6 86.6 76.5 18.4 13.4 23.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 67.4 66.7 67.9 32.6 33.3 32.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 82.3 78.0 83.8 17.7 22.0 16.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 95.0 95.0 n.a. 5.0 5.0 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 68.3 50.0 80.3 31.7 50.0 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 70
Jadual 4.3: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.3: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of outer wall building materials, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Batu Batu dan papan Papan Jumlah
Negeri Brick Brick and plank Plank Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 32.8 43.9 24.2 23.6 16.4 29.1 43.6 39.7 46.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 55.0 68.4 33.3 35.4 26.3 50.0 9.6 5.3 16.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 46.4 35.9 54.3 47.5 51.0 44.9 6.1 13.1 0.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 24.9 15.3 28.7 39.1 53.4 33.5 36.0 31.3 37.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 44.2 63.6 28.6 35.8 18.2 50.0 20.0 18.2 21.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 68.0 88.9 19.9 32.0 11.1 80.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 36.2 50.0 24.0 53.1 36.4 68.0 10.7 13.6 8.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 54.7 75.0 50.0 45.3 25.0 50.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 74.3 100.0 44.4 15.4 - 33.4 10.3 - 22.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 25.3 23.8 26.8 32.2 21.0 43.5 42.5 55.2 29.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 14.7 18.9 11.7 9.5 4.6 12.9 75.8 76.5 75.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 27.9 31.6 26.6 19.8 8.2 23.8 52.3 60.2 49.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 95.0 95.0 n.a. 5.0 5.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 44.1 50.0 40.2 - - - 55.9 50.0 59.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 71
Jadual 4.4: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.4: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of water supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Air paip dalam rumah Air paip awam Lain-lain Jumlah
Negeri Piped water inside house Public water stand pipe Others Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 71.5 90.7 56.6 1.0 1.8 0.4 27.5 7.5 43.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 93.6 94.7 91.7 3.2 5.3 - 3.2 - 8.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 92.6 89.5 95.1 2.3 5.2 - 5.1 5.3 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 43.7 32.6 47.9 - - - 56.3 67.4 52.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 96.0 100.0 92.9 - - - 4.0 - 7.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 93.6 95.5 92.0 - - - 6.4 4.5 8.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 81.2 100.0 62.1 - - - 18.8 - 37.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 55.4 89.8 31.5 1.3 2.5 0.4 43.3 7.7 68.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 64.8 94.9 54.3 0.7 - 0.9 34.5 5.1 44.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 75.7 100.0 59.8 24.3 - 40.2 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 72
Jadual 4.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.5: Percentage distribution of poor households by accessibility to electricity supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kemudahan bekalan elektrik Tiada bekalan elektrik Jumlah
Negeri Accessible to electricity No electricity Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 94.2 98.9 90.7 5.8 1.1 9.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 98.9 100.0 98.5 1.1 - 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 89.9 98.0 85.3 10.1 2.0 14.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 83.9 94.9 80.1 16.1 5.1 19.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 73
Jadual 4.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.6: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of toilet used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Tandas tarik Tandas curah/siram Lain-lain Jumlah
Negeri Flush toilet Pour flush Others Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 31.6 48.1 18.7 55.2 39.4 67.5 13.2 12.5 13.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 61.5 79.0 33.3 38.5 21.0 66.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 12.5 19.9 6.9 87.5 80.1 93.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 23.0 43.1 15.1 75.9 56.9 83.4 1.1 - 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 50.0 50.0 - 50.0 50.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 48.1 63.7 35.7 47.9 36.3 57.2 4.0 - 7.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 60.2 77.8 19.9 39.8 22.2 80.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 40.5 59.1 24.0 59.5 40.9 76.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 5.0 - 6.2 95.0 100.0 93.8 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 69.2 100.0 33.3 30.8 - 66.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 35.7 39.8 31.4 64.3 60.2 68.6 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 18.3 23.8 14.5 50.7 44.3 55.3 31.0 31.9 30.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 22.8 35.5 18.3 70.1 54.2 75.6 7.1 10.3 6.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 44.1 50.0 40.2 55.9 50.0 59.8 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 74
Jadual 4.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.7: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dari Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dariState dari 5 km 9 km dari 5 km 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 65.9 12.9 21.2 100.0 55.3 11.0 33.7
Johor 100.0 67.9 12.8 19.3 100.0 77.6 12.8 9.6
Kedah 100.0 74.4 19.5 6.1 100.0 64.7 24.5 10.8
Kelantan 100.0 73.5 12.3 14.2 100.0 52.2 19.0 28.8
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 56.5 29.0 14.5 100.0 86.3 - 13.7
Pahang 100.0 79.9 12.2 7.9 100.0 56.1 12.1 31.8
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 83.0 8.5 8.5 100.0 66.1 6.4 27.5
Perlis 100.0 59.8 30.4 9.8 100.0 45.3 35.1 19.6
Selangor 100.0 57.7 16.1 26.2 100.0 84.6 5.1 10.3
Terengganu 100.0 81.4 12.8 5.8 100.0 63.9 12.7 23.4
Sabah 100.0 59.5 12.1 28.4 100.0 45.7 9.9 44.4
Sarawak 100.0 45.0 16.7 38.3 100.0 29.4 8.2 62.4
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 19.8 - 80.2
Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres
Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 75
Jadual 4.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.7: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dari Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dariState dari 5 km 9 km dari 5 km 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 100.0 79.4 10.8 9.8 100.0 87.6 7.4 5.0
Johor 100.0 84.2 - 15.8 100.0 94.7 5.3 -
Kedah 100.0 77.7 15.1 7.2 100.0 93.7 6.3 -
Kelantan 100.0 92.0 - 8.0 100.0 90.7 - 9.3
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 40.0 40.0 20.0 100.0 100.0 - -
Pahang 100.0 72.7 27.3 - 100.0 63.6 27.3 9.1
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 86.4 9.1 4.5 100.0 90.9 9.1 -
Perlis 100.0 75.0 - 25.0 100.0 25.0 25.0 50.0
Selangor 100.0 50.0 30.0 20.0 100.0 100.0 - -
Terengganu 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Sabah 100.0 76.0 11.4 12.6 100.0 81.6 8.7 9.7
Sarawak 100.0 71.5 17.6 10.9 100.0 78.6 17.3 4.1
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 - 50.0
Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres
Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 76
Jadual 4.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.7: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dari Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dariState dari 5 km 9 km dari 5 km 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 55.5 14.5 30.0 100.0 30.3 13.7 56.0
Johor 100.0 41.7 33.3 25.0 100.0 50.0 25.0 25.0
Kedah 100.0 71.9 22.8 5.3 100.0 42.5 38.4 19.1
Kelantan 100.0 66.3 17.1 16.6 100.0 37.1 26.4 36.5
Melaka - - - - - - - -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 - 50.0
Pahang 100.0 85.7 - 14.3 100.0 50.0 - 50.0
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 80.0 8.0 12.0 100.0 44.0 4.0 52.0
Perlis 100.0 56.3 37.5 6.2 100.0 50.0 37.5 12.5
Selangor 100.0 66.7 - 33.3 100.0 66.7 11.1 22.2
Terengganu 100.0 62.6 25.6 11.8 100.0 27.5 25.5 47.0
Sabah 100.0 47.9 12.7 39.4 100.0 20.6 10.7 68.7
Sarawak 100.0 35.7 16.4 47.9 100.0 12.4 5.0 82.6
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 - - 100.0
Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres
Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 77
Jadual 4.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.8: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km LebihState 5 km dari 9 km 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 91.4 4.6 4.0 100.0 65.5 12.8 21.7
Johor 100.0 93.6 6.4 - 100.0 87.2 6.4 6.4
Kedah 100.0 98.0 2.0 - 100.0 80.1 19.1 0.8
Kelantan 100.0 98.0 1.0 1.0 100.0 78.3 13.8 7.9
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 50.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 85.5 14.5 - 100.0 71.8 28.2 -
Pahang 100.0 88.0 8.0 4.0 100.0 76.1 16.0 7.9
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 97.9 2.1 - 100.0 76.6 12.7 10.7
Perlis 100.0 75.0 25.0 - 100.0 64.9 30.4 4.7
Selangor 100.0 84.6 - 15.4 100.0 84.6 - 15.4
Terengganu 100.0 97.7 2.3 - 100.0 83.1 7.1 9.8
Sabah 100.0 89.1 5.9 5.0 100.0 54.0 13.8 32.2
Sarawak 100.0 84.9 6.0 9.1 100.0 35.7 15.6 48.7
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 88.1 11.9 -
Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school
Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 78
Jadual 4.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.8: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km LebihState 5 km dari 9 km 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 100.0 95.3 3.6 1.1 100.0 86.2 10.0 3.8
Johor 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 94.7 - 5.3
Kedah 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 93.7 6.3 -
Kelantan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 96.2 3.8 -
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 50.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 80.0 20.0 - 100.0 80.0 20.0 -
Pahang 100.0 90.9 9.1 100.0 81.8 18.2
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 86.4 4.5 9.1
Perlis 100.0 75.0 25.0 - 100.0 75.0 - 25.0
Selangor 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Terengganu 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 91.3 8.7 -
Sabah 100.0 90.6 6.3 3.1 100.0 78.7 14.9 6.4
Sarawak 100.0 94.0 6.0 - 100.0 73.1 25.4 1.5
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school
Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 79
Jadual 4.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.8: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Negeri Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km LebihState 5 km dari 9 km 5 km dari 9 km
Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 100.0 88.3 5.4 6.3 100.0 49.5 14.9 35.6
Johor 100.0 83.3 16.7 - 100.0 75.0 16.7 8.3
Kedah 100.0 96.4 3.6 - 100.0 69.8 28.9 1.3
Kelantan 100.0 97.1 1.4 1.5 100.0 71.3 17.7 11.0
Melaka - - - - - - - -
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 50.0 -
Pahang 100.0 85.7 7.2 7.1 100.0 71.4 14.3 14.3
Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -
Perak 100.0 96.0 4.0 - 100.0 68.0 20.0 12.0
Perlis 100.0 75.0 25.0 - 100.0 62.5 37.5 -
Selangor 100.0 66.7 - 33.3 100.0 66.7 - 33.3
Terengganu 100.0 95.3 4.7 - 100.0 74.8 5.5 19.7
Sabah 100.0 88.1 5.5 6.4 100.0 36.7 13.1 50.2
Sarawak 100.0 81.7 6.0 12.3 100.0 22.7 12.2 65.1
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 80.3 19.7 -
Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school
Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 80
Jadual 4.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.9: Percentage distribution of poor households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Tiada Satu Dua
Negeri None One Two
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 4.5 3.4 5.4 16.5 13.3 19.0 35.1 37.0 33.5
Johor - - - 3.2 - 8.3 48.3 42.1 58.3
Kedah 6.3 6.3 6.4 22.1 22.7 21.7 15.7 11.5 18.8
Kelantan 5.0 8.0 3.8 17.7 3.5 23.3 38.6 61.7 29.6
Melaka - - - - - - 50.0 50.0 -
Negeri Sembilan - - - - - - 28.2 20.0 50.0
Pahang 3.9 - 7.2 8.0 9.1 7.1 48.0 45.5 50.0
Pulau Pinang - - - 7.7 11.0 - 37.0 44.5 19.9
Perak 2.1 - 4.0 12.8 9.1 16.0 38.3 31.8 44.0
Perlis - - - - - - 39.9 50.0 37.5
Selangor - - - - - - 26.4 30.0 22.2
Terengganu 4.3 - 8.6 15.6 13.4 17.9 33.6 28.3 38.9
Sabah 6.2 6.8 5.8 22.0 20.8 22.8 34.4 35.0 33.9
Sarawak 6.6 0.8 8.6 22.2 26.6 20.7 30.5 39.0 27.6
W.P. Kuala Lumpur - - n.a. - - n.a. 60.0 60.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan - - - 24.2 - - - - -
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 81
Jadual 4.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.9: Percentage distribution of poor households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Tiga Empat dan lebih Jumlah
Negeri Three Four and more Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 34.4 37.8 31.8 9.5 8.5 10.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 35.6 42.1 25.0 12.9 15.8 8.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 40.6 32.4 46.8 15.3 27.1 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan 31.6 23.0 35.0 7.1 3.8 8.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 50.0 50.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 71.8 80.0 50.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 28.1 36.3 21.4 12.0 9.1 14.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 55.3 44.5 80.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 40.4 45.5 36.0 6.4 13.6 - 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis 55.1 50.0 56.3 5.0 - 6.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 68.5 70.0 66.7 5.1 - 11.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 37.9 47.7 28.1 8.6 10.6 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 27.0 30.0 24.9 10.4 7.4 12.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 29.4 29.9 29.2 11.3 3.7 13.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 40.0 40.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan 44.1 50.0 - 31.7 50.0 - 100.0 100.0 -
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 82
Jadual 4.10: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.10: Percentage distribution of poor households by garbage collection facility, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Tempat kediaman Kawasan 1 Tiada Jumlah
Negeri Living quarters Area None Total
State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
MALAYSIA 15.1 28.1 5.1 20.1 30.0 12.5 64.8 41.9 82.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 42.1 63.1 8.3 16.2 21.1 8.3 41.7 15.8 83.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kedah 2.7 6.3 - 16.8 24.3 11.1 80.5 69.4 88.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kelantan - - - 15.6 31.0 9.6 84.4 69.0 90.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan 71.7 79.9 49.8 14.5 20.1 - 13.8 - 50.2 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pahang 28.0 27.3 28.6 32.0 36.3 28.5 40.0 36.4 42.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
Pulau Pinang 21.5 22.2 19.9 56.9 55.6 60.0 21.6 22.2 20.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perak 32.0 54.5 12.0 17.1 27.3 8.0 50.9 18.2 80.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Perlis - - - 30.4 - 37.5 69.6 100.0 62.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Selangor 42.8 70.0 11.1 36.7 30.0 44.4 20.5 - 44.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
Terengganu 2.3 - 4.7 57.1 72.5 41.5 40.6 27.5 53.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sabah 2.7 4.8 1.2 10.1 22.8 1.2 87.2 72.4 97.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sarawak 17.0 46.1 6.9 31.1 52.4 23.7 51.9 1.5 69.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 70.0 70.0 n.a. 30.0 30.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.
W.P. Labuan - - - 88.1 100.0 80.3 11.9 - 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
1 Kutipan sampah di tempat pengumpulan yang jaraknya melebihi 100 meter dari tempat kediaman Garbage collection at the collection centre located more than 100 metres from living quarters
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 83
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012
(%)
Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator
scooter machine
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 27.4 52.3 24.9 3.1 62.4 78.7
Johor 41.9 77.5 38.9 9.6 83.9 90.4
Kedah 38.0 85.2 34.6 0.5 76.8 98.1
Kelantan 40.0 88.1 41.2 2.1 84.9 81.1
Melaka 50.0 100.0 50.0 - 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 43.5 71.8 - 14.5 71.8 86.3
Pahang 31.9 84.1 35.9 4.1 80.0 88.0
Pulau Pinang 27.6 55.2 55.2 - 70.7 86.2
Perak 46.8 93.6 61.7 6.4 78.8 93.6
Perlis 55.1 90.2 55.7 4.7 69.9 100.0
Selangor 25.7 62.6 26.2 5.1 94.6 94.9
Terengganu 23.9 86.0 43.5 1.6 87.7 87.2
Sabah 17.3 16.3 8.9 1.5 42.8 66.3
Sarawak 16.5 58.0 18.4 2.3 43.4 69.9
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 40.0 40.0 - 10.0 90.0 95.0
W.P. Labuan 51.5 24.3 19.8 - 68.3 80.2
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 84
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water filter
stove stove charcoal stove
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 94.8 3.3 13.3 4.3 4.1
Johor 93.6 3.3 - 6.5 -
Kedah 95.9 2.0 3.6 2.6 2.3
Kelantan 94.6 2.4 11.9 2.1 1.2
Melaka 100.0 - - - 50.0
Negeri Sembilan 86.3 - 13.7 - -
Pahang 96.0 16.1 7.9 4.1 12.0
Pulau Pinang 100.0 - - 7.7 15.5
Perak 95.7 4.2 4.3 6.4 8.5
Perlis 95.0 - 10.2 10.2 14.9
Selangor 100.0 - - 5.4 -
Terengganu 96.6 7.2 13.3 4.4 16.1
Sabah 94.3 2.4 15.7 3.4 2.2
Sarawak 92.6 4.3 39.1 4.7 4.0
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 95.0 - - 10.0 5.0
W.P. Labuan 100.0 19.8 - 11.9 -
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 85
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit/ TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet Telefon pintar talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone/ Fixed-line
computer subscription smart phone telephone
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 3.0 16.0 0.2 2.8 90.0 5.7
Johor 9.7 6.5 - 6.5 84.0 19.3
Kedah - 17.3 - - 95.4 -
Kelantan 1.0 5.0 - 2.2 88.0 7.4
Melaka 50.0 - - - 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan - - - - 85.5 -
Pahang - 36.0 - 4.1 96.0 4.1
Pulau Pinang 7.7 - - - 86.2 -
Perak 2.1 12.8 - 6.4 85.1 19.1
Perlis - 20.2 - 5.0 85.5 9.8
Selangor 5.1 5.4 - 5.1 94.6 5.1
Terengganu 5.4 26.5 - 7.6 87.0 8.5
Sabah 1.4 18.7 0.4 1.1 89.6 2.6
Sarawak 6.2 22.1 0.4 1.7 92.2 4.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5.0 5.0 - 10.0 100.0 -
W.P. Labuan - 19.8 - - 100.0 19.8
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 86
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TVNegeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV
video DVD player channel
JUMLAH/TOTAL
MALAYSIA 1.7 47.7 37.7 90.4 17.2
Johor - 77.5 32.3 100.0 9.7
Kedah - 51.6 23.0 93.6 3.0
Kelantan 0.6 56.9 32.8 92.9 15.0
Melaka - 100.0 - 100.0 50.0
Negeri Sembilan - 58.0 43.5 100.0 29.0
Pahang 12.1 68.1 32.2 100.0 31.9
Pulau Pinang - 55.3 35.3 100.0 31.0
Perak 4.3 61.7 34.1 95.7 10.6
Perlis 4.7 50.0 45.2 100.0 10.2
Selangor - 31.5 15.9 94.6 21.0
Terengganu - 53.2 14.7 98.3 14.1
Sabah 1.0 32.5 44.9 82.2 22.0
Sarawak 1.3 56.5 44.7 91.7 4.1
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 10.0 55.0 55.0 100.0 40.0
W.P. Labuan - 36.1 36.1 100.0 80.2
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 87
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator
scooter machine
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 27.4 48.1 25.6 3.7 76.5 85.4
Johor 42.1 84.2 52.6 5.3 89.5 94.7
Kedah 32.2 70.5 48.2 - 76.9 95.7
Kelantan 41.6 84.0 57.9 - 100.0 84.0
Melaka 50.0 100.0 50.0 - 100.0 100.0
Negeri Sembilan 60.0 80.0 - 20.0 80.0 100.0
Pahang 27.3 90.9 27.3 9.1 81.8 90.9
Pulau Pinang 22.2 44.4 44.4 - 66.7 88.9
Perak 45.5 90.9 59.1 9.1 90.9 95.5
Perlis 50.0 75.0 - 25.0 75.0 100.0
Selangor - 40.0 20.0 - 90.0 100.0
Terengganu 15.4 91.3 35.2 - 91.3 91.3
Sabah 19.0 11.1 7.1 2.8 62.5 74.7
Sarawak 24.4 48.3 18.8 - 64.9 74.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 40.0 40.0 - 10.0 90.0 95.0
W.P. Labuan 100.0 - 50.0 - 50.0 50.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 88
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water filter
stove stove charcoal stove
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 96.0 2.6 4.4 7.5 5.2
Johor 100.0 5.3 - 10.5 -
Kedah 95.7 - 4.3 4.3 -
Kelantan 100.0 3.8 10.3 3.8 -
Melaka 100.0 - - - 50.0
Negeri Sembilan 100.0 - - - -
Pahang 100.0 27.3 - 9.1 9.1
Pulau Pinang 100.0 - - 11.1 22.2
Perak 95.5 - 4.5 13.6 18.2
Perlis 100.0 - - 0.0 25.0
Selangor 100.0 - - 10.0 -
Terengganu 100.0 - 5.5 8.7 8.7
Sabah 94.2 1.9 4.9 5.3 2.3
Sarawak 87.4 - 17.4 8.7 9.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 95.0 - - 10.0 5.0
W.P. Labuan 100.0 50.0 - - -
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 89
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit/ TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet Telefon pintar talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone/ Fixed-line
computer subscription smart phone telephone
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 3.8 18.6 - 4.2 92.3 6.8
Johor 10.5 10.5 - 10.5 94.7 15.8
Kedah - 28.5 - - 89.3 -
Kelantan - 3.8 - 8.0 84.0 16.0
Melaka 50.0 - - - 100.0 -
Negeri Sembilan - - - - 80.0 -
Pahang - 36.3 - 9.1 100.0 9.1
Pulau Pinang 11.1 - - - 88.9 -
Perak - 9.1 - 4.5 86.4 18.2
Perlis - - - - 50.0 25.0
Selangor - 10.0 - - 90.0 -
Terengganu - 18.8 - 8.7 80.9 13.6
Sabah 1.6 24.5 - 1.6 93.9 3.0
Sarawak 19.3 34.7 - 6.7 100.0 10.9
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5.0 5.0 - 10.0 100.0 -
W.P. Labuan - 50.0 - - 100.0 50.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 90
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TVNegeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV
video DVD player channel
BANDAR/URBAN
MALAYSIA 2.5 51.4 42.6 93.1 19.7
Johor - 84.2 36.8 100.0 15.8
Kedah - 45.3 16.3 90.4 5.2
Kelantan - 61.1 53.1 89.7 23.3
Melaka - 100.0 - 100.0 50.0
Negeri Sembilan - 80.0 60.0 100.0 40.0
Pahang 18.2 72.7 45.5 100.0 27.3
Pulau Pinang - 44.5 33.3 100.0 44.5
Perak 9.1 68.2 40.9 95.5 13.6
Perlis 25.0 50.0 25.0 100.0 -
Selangor - 30.0 20.0 90.0 20.0
Terengganu - 50.8 10.0 100.0 4.7
Sabah 0.7 38.5 54.0 88.2 21.7
Sarawak - 51.8 40.7 94.9 -
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 10.0 55.0 55.0 100.0 40.0
W.P. Labuan - - - 100.0 50.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 91
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator
scooter machine
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 27.1 55.6 24.3 2.6 51.4 73.5
Johor 41.7 66.7 16.7 16.7 75.0 83.3
Kedah 42.5 96.4 24.3 0.8 76.8 100.0
Kelantan 39.4 89.7 34.7 2.9 79.0 79.9
Melaka - - - - - -
Negeri Sembilan - 50.0 - - 50.0 50.0
Pahang 35.7 78.6 42.9 - 78.6 85.7
Pulau Pinang 40.0 80.1 80.0 - 80.1 80.1
Perak 48.0 96.0 64.0 4.0 68.0 92.0
Perlis 56.3 93.8 68.7 - 68.7 100.0
Selangor 55.6 88.9 33.3 11.1 100.0 88.9
Terengganu 32.4 80.8 51.8 3.2 84.0 83.0
Sabah 16.1 20.0 10.1 0.6 29.1 60.4
Sarawak 13.7 61.3 18.3 3.1 35.9 68.4
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 19.7 40.2 - - 80.3 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 92
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water filter
stove stove charcoal stove
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 93.9 3.8 20.2 1.8 3.2
Johor 83.3 - - - -
Kedah 96.0 3.6 3.0 1.4 4.0
Kelantan 92.5 1.8 12.5 1.5 1.7
Melaka - - - - -
Negeri Sembilan 50.0 - 50.0 - -
Pahang 92.9 7.1 14.3 - 14.3
Pulau Pinang 100.0 - - - -
Perak 96.0 8.0 4.0 - -
Perlis 93.8 - 12.5 12.5 12.5
Selangor 100.0 - - - -
Terengganu 93.3 14.5 21.2 - 23.6
Sabah 94.4 2.7 23.2 2.0 2.2
Sarawak 94.4 5.8 46.7 3.3 2.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan 100.0 - - 19.7 -
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 93
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit/ TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet Telefon pintar talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone/ Fixed-line
computer subscription smart phone telephone
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 2.3 14.0 0.4 1.7 88.3 4.9
Johor 8.3 - - - 66.7 25.0
Kedah - 8.8 - - 100.0 -
Kelantan 1.4 5.5 - - 89.5 4.1
Melaka - - - - - -
Negeri Sembilan - - - - 100.0 -
Pahang - 35.7 - - 92.9 -
Pulau Pinang - - - - 80.0 -
Perak 4.0 16.0 - 8.0 84.0 20.0
Perlis - 25.0 - 6.2 93.8 6.2
Selangor 11.1 - - 11.1 100.0 11.1
Terengganu 10.9 34.3 - 6.5 93.3 3.2
Sabah 1.2 14.6 0.7 0.8 86.6 2.3
Sarawak 1.6 17.7 0.6 - 89.5 1.8
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan - - - - 100.0 -
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 94
Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)
(%)
Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TVNegeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV
video DVD player channel
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
MALAYSIA 1.1 44.8 33.9 88.3 15.3
Johor - 66.7 25.0 100.0 -
Kedah - 56.3 28.0 96.0 1.4
Kelantan 0.9 55.3 24.9 94.1 11.8
Melaka - - - - -
Negeri Sembilan - - - 100.0 -
Pahang 7.1 64.3 21.4 100.0 35.7
Pulau Pinang - 80.1 40.0 100.0 -
Perak - 56.0 28.0 96.0 8.0
Perlis - 50.0 49.9 100.0 12.5
Selangor - 33.3 11.1 100.0 22.2
Terengganu - 55.7 19.6 96.5 23.7
Sabah 1.1 28.4 38.6 78.1 22.2
Sarawak 1.8 58.2 46.1 90.6 5.5
W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
W.P. Labuan - 59.8 59.8 100.0 100.0
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 95
JADUAL RALAT PIAWAI TABLES OF STANDARD ERROR
Jadual 5.1: Ralat piawai bagi anggaran pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 5.1: Standard error of estimates for mean monthly household income by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012
Pendapatan Julat pendapatan isi rumah purata pada 95%
Kumpulan etnik bulanan purata Nilai relatif Nilai mutlak selang keyakinanEthnic group Mean monthly Relative value Absolute value Range of average
household income at 95%income confidence interval (RM) (%) (RM) (RM)
JUMLAH/TOTAL
Jumlah/Total 5,000 0.6 29 4,943 – 5,057
Bumiputera 4,457 0.7 30 4,398 – 4,516
Cina/Chinese 6,366 1.2 74 6,221 – 6,511
India/Indians 5,233 2.8 147 4,945 – 5,521
Lain-lain/Others 3,843 8.7 336 3,184 – 4,502
BANDAR/URBAN
Jumlah/Total 5,742 0.7 40 5,664 – 5,820
Bumiputera 5,301 0.8 45 5,213 – 5,389
Cina/Chinese 6,622 1.2 80 6,465 – 6,779
India/Indians 5,491 3.0 164 5,170 – 5,812
Lain-lain/Others 5,323 11.9 633 4,082 – 6,564
LUAR BANDAR/RURAL
Jumlah/Total 3,080 0.7 23 3,035 – 3,125
Bumiputera 3,010 0.8 24 2,963 – 3,057
Cina/Chinese 3,806 2.8 108 3,594 – 4,018
India/Indians 3,271 4.2 139 2,999 – 3,543
Lain-lain/Others 2,432 5.3 128 2,181 – 2,683
Ralat piawai bagi anggaranStandard error of estimate
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 97
NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
1. Pendahuluan
Penyiasatan Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan
Kemudahan Asas (PPIR/KA) 2012 merupakan
penyiasatan pendapatan terkini yang dijalankan
oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia selepas
penyiasatan terakhir pada tahun 2009.
Penyiasatan ini dijalankan dua kali dalam tempoh
lima tahun. Penerbitan ini menyediakan data
pendapatan, kemiskinan dan kemudahan asas di
peringkat nasional dan negeri bagi warganegara
sahaja.
1. Introduction
The Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey
(HIS/BA) 2012 is the latest income survey carried
out by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia after
the last survey in 2009. The survey is implemented
twice in five years. This publication provides data
on income, poverty and basic amenities at national
and state levels for citizens only.
2. Objektif penyiasatan
2.1 Objektif utama penyiasatan adalah seperti
berikut:
• Mengumpul maklumat pola taburan
pendapatan isi rumah;
• Mengenal pasti golongan miskin; dan
• Mengenal pasti tahap kemudahan asas
yang dinikmati oleh isi rumah miskin.
2. Objective of survey
2.1 The main objectives of the survey are as
follows:
• collect information on income distribution
pattern of households;
• identify the poverty groups; and
• identify the accessibility of basic amenities by
poor households.
2.2 Data daripada penyiasatan ini digunakan
oleh kerajaan sebagai input dalam
pembentukan pelan pembangunan Negara
terutamanya bagi penyediaan Rancangan
Malaysia Kesepuluh.
2.2 Data from this survey are used by the
government as inputs for the formulation of
national development plan especially in
preparing for Tenth Malaysia Plan.
3. Kaedah pengumpulan data 3. Method of data collection
3.1 Pengumpulan data dijalankan dengan
menggunakan kaedah temu ramah
bersemuka. Pegawai dan anggota Jabatan
yang terlibat dalam penyiasatan
ini diberikan latihan khusus sebagai
3.1 Data collection was carried out using the
personal interview approach. Officers and
staff of the Department who were involved in
this survey were given special training as
99
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
penemu ramah. Mereka akan melawat isi
rumah (IR) di tempat kediaman terpilih
bagi mengumpul maklumat berkaitan
demografi, pendapatan dan kemudahan
asas dengan menggunakan borang soal
selidik.
interviewers. They visited selected
households (HH) to collect information on
demography, income and basic amenities
using a set of questionnaires.
3.2 Penyemakan kerja luar dibuat oleh
pegawai berpengalaman dari Jabatan
Perangkaan Negeri bagi mengesan dan
membetulkan sebarang kesilapan atau
maklumat yang tertinggal ketika
penyiasatan. Di samping itu, temu ramah
ulangan bagi sesetengah isi rumah terpilih
dilaksanakan bagi memastikan kualiti data
yang dipungut.
3.2 Field checks were done by experienced
officers from the Department of Statistics’
State Office to detect and rectify errors or
omission of cases which occurred during the
survey. In addition, re-interviews of certain
selected households were done to ensure the
quality of data collected.
4. Tempoh rujukan
Tempoh rujukan bagi maklumat pendapatan isi
rumah adalah bagi tempoh dua belas bulan yang
lalu. Sebagai contohnya, jika bulan penyiasatan
ialah Julai 2012, maka pendapatan yang dikira
adalah dari 1 Julai 2011 sehingga 30 Jun 2012.
Tempoh PPIR/KA 2012 adalah berbeza
berbanding dengan penyiasatan yang lepas di
mana PPIR/KA 2012 bermula pada bulan Julai
2012 dan berakhir pada Disember 2012 manakala
PPIR/KA 2009 bermula pada bulan April 2009
dan berakhir pada Mac 2010.
4. Reference period
The reference period for the household income
information was for the last twelve months. For
example, if the survey month was July 2012, income
recorded will be those received from 1st July 2011
until 30th June 2012. The survey period for HIS/BA
2012 differed from that of the previous survey
whereby the HIS/BA 2012 started in July 2012 and
completed in December 2012 whereas HIS/BA 2009
commenced in April 2009 and ended in March 2010.
5. Liputan dan skop 5. Scope and coverage
5.1 Penyiasatan ini meliputi kedua-dua
kawasan bandar dan luar bandar bagi
negeri-negeri di Malaysia kecuali
Blok Penghitungan (BP) Orang Asli di
5.1 The survey covered both urban and
rural areas in Malaysia except the
Orang Asli Enumeration Blocks (EBs) in
100
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Semenanjung Malaysia. Pada
kebiasaannya, BP yang berada di kawasan
pedalaman tidak diliputi dalam rangka
pensampelan. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi
penyiasatan yang terkini, Jabatan telah
memperluaskan liputan penyiasatan
dengan melibatkan BP di kawasan ini.
Peninsular Malaysia. Usually, the EBs that
lie in the interior areas are not included in
the sampling frames. However, for the latest
survey, the Department expanded its
coverage to include these EBs.
5.2 Penyiasatan ini meliputi isi rumah yang
tinggal di tempat kediaman (TK)
persendirian sahaja. Isi rumah institusi
iaitu mereka yang tinggal di asrama, hotel,
hospital, rumah orang tua, berek tentera
dan polis, penjara, rumah kebajikan dan
institusi lain yang serupa tidak
dimasukkan dalam rangka penyiasatan.
5.2 The survey covered households staying in
private living quarters (LQ) only. The
institutional households, that is, those living
in hostels, hotels, hospitals, old folk’s homes,
military and police barracks, prisons, welfare
homes and other institutions were excluded
from the coverage of the survey.
5.3 Maklumat terperinci tentang pendapatan
diperoleh daripada ahli isi rumah yang
menerima pendapatan. Berdasarkan
kepada garis panduan “A Provisional
Framework for Household Income,
Consumption, Saving and Wealth” yang
diterbitkan oleh Australian Bureau of
Statistics (ABS) dan “Final Report and
Recommendations of the Expert Group on
the Household Income Statistics (The
Canberra Group 2001)”, punca pendapatan
adalah merangkumi:
5.3 Detailed information on income was
obtained from the household members who
are income recipients. Based on the “A
Provisional Framework for Household
Income, Consumption, Saving and Wealth”
published by Australian Bureau of Statistics
(ABS) and “Final Report and
Recommendations of the Expert Group on the
Household Income Statistics (The Canberra
Group 2001)”, the sources of income
comprise:
(i) penerimaan daripada pekerjaan
bergaji (termasuk upah dan gaji, elaun
tunai, bonus, komisen, bayaran kerja
lebih masa, makanan
percuma/konsesi, tempat menginap
(i) earnings from paid employment
(including wages and salaries, cash
allowances, bonuses, commissions,
overtime payments, free/concessional
food, free/concessional lodging,
101
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
percuma/konsesi, barang pengguna
dan perkhidmatan percuma/konsesi,
bayaran berupa mata benda dan
pencaruman majikan kepada KWSP,
PERKESO);
free/concessional consumer goods and
services, payment in-kinds and
employer’s contributions to EPF,
SOCSO);
(ii) pendapatan daripada bekerja sendiri
(termasuk nilai barang yang
dikeluarkan di rumah untuk kegunaan
sendiri);
(ii) income from self-employment
(including value of home-produced
goods for own consumption);
(iii) pendapatan daripada harta
(termasuk royalti, sewaan, faedah dan
dividen);
(iii) property income (including royalties,
rents, interests and dividends);
(iv) pindahan semasa yang diterima
(termasuk penerimaan wang daripada
isi rumah lain, bayaran nafkah,
biasiswa / dermasiswa / fellowships,
pencen, pembayaran lain berkala yang
diterima dan hadiah berupa wang
tunai atau mata benda yang diterima);
dan
(iv) current transfers received (including
remittances, alimony, scholarships/
bursaries / fellowships, pensions, other
periodic payments received and gifts in
cash or in-kind); and
(v) lain-lain pendapatan (termasuk sewa
dinilai bagi rumah yang diduduki oleh
pemilik, hasil sewa daripada
rumah/harta lain dan sewa daripada
tempat menginap).
(v) other income (including imputed rent
of owner-occupied house, rental income
from house/other property and rent
from lodging).
5.4 Komponen kemudahan asas yang diliputi
adalah pendidikan, kesihatan, perumahan,
peralatan dan kemudahan isi rumah. Walau
bagaimanapun, bagi tujuan penerbitan,
hanya maklumat terpilih sahaja diberi
perhatian untuk menggambarkan tahap
5.4 The components of the basic amenities
covered were education, health, housing,
household appliances and amenities.
However, for the purpose of reporting, only
selected information was highlighted to show
102
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
kemudahan asas yang dinikmati oleh
penduduk, khususnya isi rumah miskin.
the level of basic amenities enjoyed by the
population, especially the poor households.
(i) Pendidikan meliputi jarak institusi
pendidikan dari tempat kediaman.
Bagi kanak-kanak yang dalam
lingkungan umur bersekolah tetapi
tidak bersekolah, sebab utama mereka
tidak bersekolah akan ditanya;
(i) Education covers distance of
educational institution from the living
quarters. For school-going children who
were not schooling, main reasons for not
attending school were asked;
(ii) Kesihatan meliputi maklumat tentang
jarak institusi kesihatan kerajaan atau
swasta dari tempat kediaman;
(ii) Health covers information on distance of
government and private health
institutions from living quarters;
(iii) Perumahan meliputi maklumat
seperti jenis pemilikan, keadaan
rumah, bilangan bilik tidur, jenis
bahan binaan untuk dinding luar, jenis
tandas, kemudahan bekalan air,
kemudahan bekalan elektrik dan
kemudahan kutipan sampah; dan
(iii) Housing covers information on the type
of ownership, condition of building,
number of bedrooms, types of materials
for outer walls, types of toilets, water
supply, electricity supply and garbage
collection facilities; and
(iv) Peralatan dan kemudahan isi
rumah meliputi peralatan dan
kemudahan komunikasi yang dimiliki
oleh ahli isi rumah untuk kegunaan
sendiri seperti kereta, mesin basuh,
telefon, langganan internet dan
sebagainya.
(iv) Household appliances and amenities
cover equipment and communication
facilities owned by household members
for own use such as car, washing
machine, telephone, internet
subscription and others.
6. Rangka pensampelan 6. Sampling frame
6.1 Rangka yang digunakan bagi
pemilihan sampel PPIR/KA 2012
adalah berdasarkan Rangka Pensampelan
Isi Rumah yang terdiri daripada
6.1 The frame used for the selection of sample for
HIS/BA 2012 was based on the Household
Sampling Frame which was made up of
103
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Blok Penghitungan (BP) yang diwujudkan
untuk Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan
2010. BP dari segi geografi adalah suatu
kawasan muka bumi yang diwujudkan
secara rekaan dan mempunyai sempadan
tertentu. Secara purata, BP mengandungi
antara 80 hingga 120 TK. Pada amnya,
kesemua BP dibentuk di dalam lingkungan
sempadan yang diwartakan iaitu di dalam
daerah pentadbiran, mukim atau pihak
berkuasa tempatan.
Enumeration Blocks (EBs) created for the
2010 Population and Housing Census. EBs
are geographical contiguous areas of land
with identifiable boundaries. On average,
each EB contains about 80 to 120 living
quarters. Generally, all EBs are formed
within gazetted boundaries i.e. within
administrative districts, mukim or local
authority areas.
6.2 BP dalam rangka pensampelan dikelaskan
mengikut kawasan bandar dan luar bandar.
Kawasan bandar ditakrif sebagaimana yang
telah digunakan dalam Banci Penduduk dan
Perumahan 2010. Kawasan bandar ialah
kawasan yang diwartakan serta kawasan
tepubina yang bersempadan dengannya dan
gabungan kedua-dua kawasan ini
mempunyai penduduk seramai 10,000
orang atau lebih.
6.2 The EBs in the sampling frame are also
classified by urban and rural areas. Urban
areas are as defined in the 2010 Population
and Housing Census. Urban areas are
gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up
areas which had a combined population of
10,000 or more.
Definisi kawasan bandar juga mengambil
kira kawasan pembangunan khusus iaitu
kawasan pembangunan yang tidak
diwartakan dan boleh dikenal pasti serta
terpisah dari kawasan yang diwartakan
atau kawasan tepubina melebihi 5 km dan
mempunyai penduduk sekurang-kurangnya
10,000 dengan 60 peratus penduduk
(berumur 15 tahun dan lebih) terlibat
dalam aktiviti bukan pertanian. Kawasan
selainnya yang diwartakan dan mempunyai
jumlah penduduk kurang daripada 10,000
orang serta kawasan yang tidak diwartakan
dikelaskan sebagai luar bandar.
The definition of urban areas also takes into
account the special development area
namely the development area which is not
gazetted and can be identified and separated
from the gazetted area or built-up area of
more than 5 km and a population of at least
10,000 with 60 per cent of the population
(aged 15 years and over) involved in non-
agricultural activities. All other gazetted
areas with a population of less than 10,000
persons and non-gazetted areas are classified
as rural.
104
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
6.3 Kawasan tepubina didefinisikan sebagai
kawasan yang terletak bersebelahan
kawasan yang diwartakan dan mempunyai
sekurang-kurangnya 60 peratus penduduk
(berumur 15 tahun dan lebih) yang terlibat
dalam aktiviti bukan pertanian.
Built-up areas were defined as areas
contiguous to a gazetted area and had at
least 60 per cent of their population (aged 15
years and over) engaged in non-agricultural
activities.
6.4 Pembandaran merupakan satu proses yang
dinamik dan sentiasa berubah mengikut
kemajuan dan pembangunan. Oleh itu,
kawasan bandar bagi Banci tahun 2000 dan
2010 tidak semestinya merujuk kepada
kawasan yang sama kerana kawasan yang
memenuhi kriteria bandar akan terus
bertambah dan berkembang.
6.4 Urbanisation is a dynamic process and keeps
changing with development and growth.
Thus, the urban areas for the 2000 and 2010
Censuses do not necessarily refer to the same
areas, as areas fulfilling the above criteria of
urban continue to expand and grow.
6.5 Pengelasan kawasan mengikut strata yang digunakan adalah seperti berikut: The classification of area by strata is as follows:
6.6 Bagi tujuan pensampelan, pengelasan yang
luas seperti di atas adalah memadai untuk
semua negeri serta Wilayah Persekutuan.
Namun bagi Sabah dan Sarawak,
memandangkan masalah kesukaran untuk
akses ke kawasan pedalaman, strata luar
bandar dipecahkan lagi berdasarkan kepada
jangka waktu yang diambil untuk sampai ke
sesuatu tempat dari pusat bandar yang
terdekat.
6.6 For sampling purposes, the above broad
classification was found to be adequate for
all states and federal territories. However, for
Sabah and Sarawak, due to inaccessibility,
the rural strata had to be further stratified
based on the time taken to reach the area
from the nearest urban centre.
Strata
Jumlah penduduk dalam kawasan yang diwartakan dan tepubina
Population of gazetted and adjoining built-up areas (i) Metropolitan/Metropolitan
75,000 dan lebih 75,000 and above
(ii) Bandar Besar/Urban Large
10,000 hingga 74,999 10,000 to 74,999
(iii) Bandar Kecil/Urban Small
1,000 hingga 9,999 1,000 to 9,999
(iv) Luar Bandar/Rural
Kawasan selebihnya All other areas
105
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
6.7 Bagi tujuan penjadualan, strata-strata
dicantumkan seperti berikut:
6.6 For purposes of tabulation by urban and
rural, the strata were combined as follows:
Bandar =Metropolitan + Bandar besar
Luar bandar =Bandar kecil + Keseluruhan
luar bandar
Urban= Metropolitan + Urban large
Rural = Urban small + All rural
7. Reka bentuk pensampelan
7. Sample design
7.1 Reka bentuk pensampelan berstrata dua
peringkat telah digunakan yang mana
pembentukan strata adalah seperti berikut:
7.1 A two-stage stratified sampling design was
adopted and the levels of stratification are as
follows:
Strata utama Primary strata
Strata kedua Secondary strata
(A) Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Pulau Pinang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, W.P. Labuan, W.P. Putrajaya
Terdiri daripada negeri seperti di (A) Made up of state as in (A)
terdiri daripada strata bandar dan luar bandar seperti yang dinyatakan di perkara 6.5 dan dibentuk dalam strata utama kecuali W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan W.P. Putrajaya yang tiada strata luar bandar made up of urban and rural as defined in para 6.5 and were formed within the primary strata except W.P. Kuala Lumpur and W.P. Putrajaya with no rural strata
(B) Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Sabah, Sarawak
Terdiri daripada negeri seperti di (B) Made up of state as in (B)
terdiri daripada daerah/residen (bagi negeri Sabah sahaja) dan dibentuk di dalam strata utama comprised district/resident (for Sabah only) and were formed within the primary strata
7.2 Sampel-sampel telah dipilih secara bebas
bagi setiap peringkat pada strata kedua.
Unit pensampelan peringkat pertama ialah
BP manakala unit pensampelan peringkat
kedua ialah TK dalam BP tersebut. TK
terpilih meliputi kesemua isi rumah dan
orang yang tinggal di dalamnya. Di setiap
7.2 Samples are drawn independently within
each level of the secondary strata. The units
for first stage sample selection are the EBs
while the second stage units are the LQs
within the EBs. All households and persons
within the selected LQs are canvassed. At
every stage of selection, the units are selected
106
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
peringkat pemilihan, unit-unit telah dipilih
secara sistematik dengan kebarangkalian
yang sama dalam strata kedua.
systematically with equal probability within
each level of the secondary strata.
8. Saiz sampel
Saiz sampel yang diperlukan adalah berdasarkan
kepada ralat piawai relatif data penyiasatan
terdahulu bagi setiap strata dan negeri. Faktor lain
seperti kos dan keperluan anggota juga diambil
kira dalam menentukan saiz sampel. Saiz sampel
yang terpilih adalah seperti berikut:
8. Sample size
The sample size required is based on the relative
standard error of the previous survey for each
strata and state. Other factors such as cost and
availability of staff are also taken into
consideration in determining the sample size. The
selected sample size is as follows:
Jadual 1: Taburan bilangan BP, TK Terpilih dan bilangan isi rumah yang respons mengikut negeri Table 1: Distribution of selected EBs, LQs and number of households response by state
Negeri/State Bilangan BP Number of EBs
Bilangan TK Number of LQs
Bilangan IR yang Respons Number of HH Response
Johor 501 4,008 3,468
Kedah 372 2,976 2,745
Kelantan 435 3,480 3,284
Melaka 199 1,592 1,401
Negeri Sembilan 212 1,696 1,540
Pahang 280 2,240 1,978
Pulau Pinang 350 2,800 2,405
Perak 443 3,544 3,134
Perlis 140 1,120 1,066
Selangor 700 5,600 4,681
Terengganu 290 2,320 2,169
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 400 3,200 2,651
W.P. Putrajaya 45 360 326
Semenanjung Malaysia 4,367 34,936 30,848
Sabah 901 7,208 5,930
Sarawak 1,047 8,376 6,805
W.P. Labuan 83 664 523
MALAYSIA 6,398 51,184 44,106
107
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
9. Konsep dan definisi
9.1 Tempat kediaman
Tempat Kediaman adalah suatu struktur
yang dibina berasingan dan bebas yang
lazimnya digunakan untuk tempat tinggal.
Takrifan perkataan berasingan dan bebas
adalah seperti berikut:
9. Concepts and definitions
9.1 Living quarters
Living quarters are defined as independent
and separate structures, which are usually
used as place of abode. The terms, separate
and independent mean the following:
Berasingan
Struktur adalah dianggap sebagai
berasingan jika ia dikelilingi oleh dinding,
pagar dan lain-lain serta ditutupi oleh
bumbung.
Separate
A structure is considered separate if it is
surrounded by walls, fence, etc. and is
covered by a roof.
Bebas
Struktur dikatakan bebas apabila ia
mempunyai jalan masuk secara terus dari
tangga umum, tempat lalu lintas atau ruang
lapang (iaitu penghuni boleh masuk atau
keluar dari tempat kediaman mereka tanpa
melalui perkarangan sesiapa pun).
Independent
A structure is said to be independent if it has
direct access via a public staircase,
communal passageway or landing (that is,
occupants can come in or go out of their
living quarters without passing through
someone else’s premises).
9.2 Isi rumah
Isi rumah ditakrifkan sebagai seorang atau
sekumpulan orang yang bersaudara
dan/atau orang yang tidak bersaudara yang
biasanya tinggal bersama dan membuat
peruntukan yang sama untuk makanan dan
keperluan hidup yang lain.
9.2 Household
A household is defined as a person or a group
of related and/or unrelated persons who
usually live together and make common
provisions for food and other living
essentials.
9.3 Pendapatan isi rumah
Pendapatan isi rumah ialah jumlah
pendapatan terakru kepada ahli isi rumah,
dalam bentuk wang tunai dan/atau mata
benda yang berlaku berulang kali dalam
jangka masa setahun atau lebih kerap lagi.
9.3 Household income
Household income refers to total income
accrued to members of a household, both in
cash and/or in kind on a regular basis in one
year or more often.
108
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
9.4 Penerima pendapatan
Penerima pendapatan merujuk kepada ahli
isi rumah yang menerima pendapatan
dalam tempoh rujukan.
9.4 Income recipient
Income recipient refers to a household
member who receives income within the
reference period.
9.5 Kumpulan etnik
Klasifikasi kumpulan etnik adalah
berdasarkan klasifikasi yang telah
digunakan dalam Banci Penduduk dan
Perumahan 2010. Pengelasan tersebut
adalah seperti berikut:
9.5 Ethnic group
Ethnic group classification is based on the
2010 Population and Housing Census. The
classification is as follows:
Malaysia
Warganegara Malaysia/Malaysian Citizen
Bumiputera
Cina/Chinese
India/Indians
Lain-lain/Others
9.6 Pekerjaan 9.6 Occupation
Pekerjaan dikelaskan mengikut klasifikasi
“Piawaian Pengelasan Pekerjaan
Malaysia (MASCO) 2008” yang berasaskan
kepada “International Standard
Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08)”.
Occupation is classified according to
“Malaysia Standard Classification of
Occupations (MASCO) 2008” based on the
“International Standard Classification of
Occupations (ISCO-08)”.
Bagi seseorang yang mempunyai lebih
daripada satu pekerjaan, hanya pekerjaan
yang mengambil masa terbanyak semasa
tempoh rujukan dianggap sebagai
pekerjaan utamanya. Jika masa bekerja bagi
tiap-tiap pekerjaan itu sama, maka
pekerjaan yang menghasilkan pendapatan
yang tertinggi adalah pekerjaan utamanya.
Dalam kes di mana bilangan jam bekerja
For a person having more than one job, only
the job at which he worked for the longest
number of hours during the reference week is
treated as his principal occupation. Should
the number of hours worked for each job be
the same, then the job with the highest
income is the principal occupation. In
cases where the number of hours worked
109
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
dan pendapatannya adalah sama bagi setiap
pekerjaan, pekerjaan di mana dia telah
bekerja paling lama dianggap sebagai
pekerjaan utamanya.
and the income earned from each job are the
same, the job at which he was working for the
longest period of time is considered as the
principal occupation.
9.7 Industri 9.7 Industry
Industri dikelaskan mengikut “Piawaian
Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008”
yang berasaskan kepada “International
Standard Industrial Classification of All
Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4”.
Industry is classified according to the
“Malaysia Standard Industrial
Classification (MSIC) 2008” based on the
“International Standard Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities
(ISIC) Revision 4”.
Pengelasan industri seseorang merujuk
kepada yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan
utamanya.
A person's industry classification refers to that
of his principal occupation.
9.8 Kemiskinan
Konsep kemiskinan yang digunakan adalah
berdasarkan kepada kaedah yang telah
diperkenalkan pada tahun 2004 iaitu dengan
mengambil kira PGK makanan dan PGK bukan
makanan bagi setiap isi rumah yang dilawati.
PGK ditakrifkan secara berasingan bagi setiap
isi rumah dalam PPIR/KA. Setiap PGK ini
mengambil kira perkara-perkara berikut:
9.8 Poverty
The concept of poverty used is based on the
methodology introduced in year 2004 which
took into consideration of food PLI and non-
food PLI for each household visited. PLI is
defined separately for each household in the
HIS/BA. Each household’s PLI takes into
consideration the following factors:
(i) Saiz isi rumah dan komposisi
demografi
(i) The household’s size and demographic
composition
Isi rumah yang mempunyai bilangan ahli
yang ramai memerlukan lebih
perbelanjaan untuk makanan dan bukan
makanan bagi mencapai taraf hidup yang
memuaskan untuk semua ahlinya. Oleh
kerana keperluan kalori berbeza di antara
jantina dan peringkat umur, maka PGK
Larger households require more food and
non food expenditures to achieve a
satisfactory standard of living for its
members. As the caloric requirements
vary by sex and age, the food PLI also
110
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
makanan akan berbeza mengikut
komposisi demografi isi rumah.
varies in accordance with the demographic
composition of the household.
(ii) Lokasi isi rumah: Negeri dan strata
(bandar/luar bandar)
Harga bagi makanan dan bukan makanan
berbeza secara ketara antara negeri dan
antara kawasan bandar dengan luar
bandar. Sebagai contoh, harga di Kuala
Lumpur biasanya lebih tinggi daripada
kawasan lain. PGK baru ini mengambil
kira perbezaan harga ini.
(ii) The household’s location: State and
strata (urban/rural)
Food and non-food prices vary significantly
across states and between urban and rural
areas. For example prices in Kuala Lumpur
are usually higher than elsewhere. The new
PLI takes into account of these price
variations.
9.9 Sesebuah isi rumah dalam PPIR/KA dianggap
miskin jika pendapatannya kurang
daripada PGKnya. Ini bermaksud isi rumah
tersebut kekurangan sumber untuk
memenuhi keperluan asas makanan dan
bukan makanan bagi setiap ahlinya. Sesebuah
isi rumah dianggap miskin tegar jika
pendapatannya kurang daripada PGK
makanannya. PGK bagi setiap isi rumah
adalah berbeza mengikut lokasi (negeri dan
strata), saiz isi rumah dan komposisi
demografi.
9.9 A household in the Household Income Survey is
considered poor if its income is less than its
PLI. This means that it lacks the resources to
meet the basic food and non-food needs of its
individual members. A household is considered
hard-core poor if its income is below the
food PLI. PLI for each household is different
according to the location (state and strata),
household size and demographic composition.
9.10 PGK makanan 9.10 The food PLI
Komponen makanan dalam PGK ini
ditetapkan berdasarkan kepada nasihat
pakar pemakanan, pakar diet dan pakar
perubatan daripada Kementerian Kesihatan,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan
Universiti Putra Malaysia. Jumlah keperluan
kilo kalori bagi satu keluarga seramai lima
orang ialah sebanyak 8,725 sehari.
Keperluan harian kilo kalori bagi setiap
The food component of the PLI is based on the
advice of nutritionists, dieticians and medical
professionals from the Ministry of Health,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and
Universiti Putra Malaysia. The kilo calorie
needed by a family of five persons is
8,725 per day. Individuals daily kilo calorie
111
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
individu adalah mengandungi pemakanan
yang seimbang yang terdiri daripada bijirin
dan produk bijirin (beras, tepung gandum);
ayam, telur dan ikan; susu; minyak dan
lemak; gula; sayur-sayuran dan buah-
buahan; dan kekacang. Keperluan kilo kalori
seterusnya ditukarkan kepada nilai ringgit
mengikut harga runcit setiap kawasan.
requirements are met through a balanced diet
which includes: cereals and cereal products
(rice, wheat flour); chicken, eggs and fish;
milk; oil and fats; sugar; vegetables and fruits
and pulses. The kilo calorie requirements are
then converted to monetary value using the
retail prices at each locality.
9.11 PGK bukan makanan
Komponen PGK Bukan Makanan dikira
berasaskan kepada pola perbelanjaan isi
rumah berpendapatan rendah yang dikenal
pasti melalui Penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Isi
Rumah.
9.11 The non-food PLI
The non-food component of the PLI is
determined by the spending pattern of low
income households in the Household
Expenditure Survey.
Komponen PGK bukan makanan ialah:
• Pakaian dan kasut;
• Sewa kasar, bahan api dan kuasa;
• Barang tahan lama (perabot, peralatan dan
kelengkapan isi rumah);
• Pengangkutan dan perhubungan; dan
• Lain-lain perkara bukan makanan.
The non-food items of the PLI are:
• Clothing and footwear;
• Gross rent, fuel and power;
• Durables (furniture, furnishings and
household equipment and operation);
• Transport and communication; and
• Other non-food items.
Jadual 2: Pendapatan Garis Kemiskinan bagi tahun 2012 mengikut kawasan Tables 2: Poverty Line Income by regions for year 2012
Kawasan Region
Jumlah Total
Bandar Urban
Luar Bandar Rural
(RM) sebulan/per month Semenanjung Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia 830 840 790
Sabah & W.P. Labuan 1,090 1,080 1,120
Sarawak 920 960 870
112
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
9.12 Pengiraan kadar kemiskinan
PGK bagi setiap isi rumah adalah berbeza
mengikut lokasi (negeri dan strata), saiz isi
rumah dan komposisi demografi. Kadar
kemiskinan isi rumah kemudian dikira
dengan menggunakan dua cara seperti
berikut:
9.12 Calculation of poverty rates
PLI for each household differs according to
location (state and strata), household size and
demographic composition. The household
poverty level was then measured using two
formulas as follows:
(i) Kadar kemiskinan
Pengiraan ini merangkumi kesemua isi
rumah yang mempunyai pendapatan
kasar bulanan di bawah Pendapatan
Garis Kemiskinan. Formula bagi
pengiraan Kadar Kemiskinan (KK)
seperti berikut:
(i) Poverty rate
The calculation involves all households
having monthly gross income below
Poverty Line Income. The calculation of
the Incidence of Poverty (IP) is as follows:
𝑲𝑲/IP = 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡 𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐏𝐆𝐊𝐧𝐲𝐚𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝐿𝐼
𝐉𝐮𝐦𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠
X 100
(ii) Kadar kemiskinan tegar
Pengiraan ini merangkumi kesemua isi
rumah yang mempunyai pendapatan
kasar bulanan di bawah Pendapatan
Garis Kemiskinan Makanan.
Formula bagi pengiraan Kadar
Kemiskinan Tegar (KKT) seperti berikut:
(ii) Hardcore poverty rate
The calculation involves all households
having gross monthly income below Food
Poverty Line Income.
The calculation of the Incidence of
Hardcore Poverty (IHP) is as follows:
𝑲𝑲𝑻/𝐼𝐻𝑃 = 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡 𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐏𝐆𝐊 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐲𝐚
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑃𝐿𝐼𝐉𝐮𝐦𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 X 100
113
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
10. Penilaian data
Data yang diperoleh daripada penyiasatan
berdasarkan pemilihan sampel berkemungkinan
mempunyai dua jenis ralat. Ralat yang
dimaksudkan ialah ralat pensampelan dan ralat
bukan pensampelan.
10. Reliability of the data
Data obtained from survey or research based on
sample selection has a probability of encountering
two types of errors. These are sampling and non-
sampling errors.
(i) Ralat pensampelan
Ralat pensampelan berpunca daripada
anggaran data yang dibuat berasaskan
sampel berkebarangkalian, bukan
berdasarkan banci. Dari segi statistik,
ralat ini dikenali sebagai ralat piawai
relatif (RPR) dan dinyatakan dalam
bentuk peratusan. Ia digunakan sebagai
penunjuk kepada kepersisan anggaran
parameter yang dikaji. Dengan kata lain
ia boleh memberi gambaran tahap
variasi anggaran penyiasatan
berbanding dengan anggaran lain yang
berdasarkan pemilihan sampel.
(i) Sampling error
Sampling error is a result of estimating
data based on a probability sampling, not
on census. Such error in statistics is
termed as relative standard error (RSE)
and is given in percentage. This is used as
an indicator to the precision of the
parameter under study. In other words, it
reflects the extent of variation with other
sample-based estimates.
Bagi PPIR/KA 2012, pendapatan isi
rumah bulanan purata bagi Malaysia
ialah RM5,000 dengan RSE 0.6 peratus.
Dalam erti kata lain, ralat piawai (RP)
ialah lebih kurang RM29. Dengan
andaian pendapatan isi rumah purata
tertabur secara normal, maka selang
keyakinan anggaran pendapatan purata
dapat dihitung. Berasaskan 95 peratus
paras keyakinan (α=0.05), pendapatan
isi rumah bulanan purata boleh berada
dalam batasan antara RM4,943–
RM5,057 sebulan.
For the HIS/BA 2012, the mean monthly
household income for Malaysia was
RM5,000 with an RSE of 0.6 per cent. In
other words, the standard error (SE) is
approximately RM29. Assuming that the
mean household income is normally
distributed, the confidence interval for the
estimated mean income can be calculated.
Based on a 95 per cent confidence level
(α=0.05), the mean monthly household
income was found to be in the range of
RM4,943–RM5,057 per month.
114
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
(ii) Ralat bukan pensampelan
Bagi memastikan kualiti data berada
pada tahap yang tinggi, beberapa
langkah telah diambil supaya ralat
bukan pensampelan berada di tahap
minima. Berbeza dengan ralat
pensampelan, ralat ini tidak boleh
diukur dan hanya boleh diatasi melalui
beberapa langkah pentadbiran. Ralat ini
boleh berpunca daripada liputan
penyiasatan yang tidak lengkap,
kelemahan rangka, ralat maklumbalas,
ralat tiada sambutan dan kesilapan
semasa prosesan seperti di peringkat
penyuntingan, pengekodan dan
tangkapan data.
(ii) Non-sampling error
To ensure high quality data, several steps
were taken to keep non-sampling errors
to a minimum. Unlike sampling errors,
these errors cannot be measured and can
only be overcome through several
administrative procedures. These errors
may arise through incomplete survey
coverage, weaknesses in the frame,
feedback errors, non-response errors and
also errors during processing such as
editing, coding and data capture.
Ralat maklum balas boleh berlaku
disebabkan kesukaran dan perbezaan
dalam tafsiran soalan, sama ada
daripada penemu ramah ataupun
responden. Bagi meminimumkan ralat
ini, latihan intensif kepada penyelia dan
penemu ramah telah dijalankan.
Tambahan pula, semakan rambang
dijalankan ke atas isi rumah yang telah
diliputi oleh penemu ramah untuk
memastikan kesahihan maklumbalas
yang dicatatkan. Untuk memastikan
liputan penyiasatan yang menyeluruh,
rangka sampel dikemaskini dan tempat
kediaman telah dipilih selepas
penyenaraian BP dijalankan.
Response errors may occur due to
difference and difficulty in interpreting
questions, be it on the part of the
enumerator or respondent. To minimize
these errors, intensive training was
conducted for the enumerators as well as
the supervisors. In addition, random
checks were carried out on households
that were already canvassed by the
enumerators to ensure the validity of the
information recorded. To ensure the
completeness of the survey coverage, the
sampling frame is frequently updated and
the selections of living quarters were done
after the completion of EB listing exercise.
115
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
Ralat tiada sambutan berpunca
daripada beberapa sebab seperti TK
kosong, tiada orang di rumah, enggan
bekerjasama atau TK tidak layak diliputi
dalam penyiasatan. Bagi mengatasi kes-
kes yang sedemikian, penganggaran saiz
sampel yang ditentukan dalam
penyiasatan ini telah mengambil kira
semua kemungkinan yang akan dihadapi
seperti yang dinyatakan. Bagi PPIR/KA
2012, bilangan isi rumah yang respon
mengikut negeri adalah seperti di
Jadual 1.
Non-response errors occur due to
reasons such as vacant house, ‘no one at
home’, refusal to cooperate or not
qualified for the survey. To overcome such
cases, sample size in the survey was
estimated after taking into consideration
all probabilities encountered as
mentioned earlier. For HIS/BA 2012, the
number of household responded by state
is as given in Table 1.
Pengemaskinian rangka pensampelan
dengan lebih kerap dipergiatkan bagi
mengurangkan kadar tiada sambutan
berpunca daripada TK kosong. Publisiti
yang meluas dilaksanakan melalui media
elektronik serta media cetak bagi
mengurangkan kes tiada orang di rumah
dan enggan bekerjasama. Berhubung
dengan ralat penyuntingan dan
prosesan, beberapa peringkat semakan
konsistensi telah diwujudkan, sama ada
secara manual atau dengan bantuan
komputer bagi memastikan penghasilan
data yang bermutu dan boleh diterima
pakai.
The survey frame is updated regularly to
overcome the problem of non-response
due to vacant homes. Publicity was
carried out through electronic and
printed media to minimize the case of ‘no
one at home’ and refusal to cooperate.
With regards to editing and processing
errors, several consistency checks were
introduced, either manually or computer
aided, to ensure the generation of quality
and acceptable data.
11. Pekali Gini 11. The Gini Coefficient
11.1 Pekali Gini (G) ialah ukuran pemusatan
pendapatan berdasarkan Keluk Lorenz.
Keluk ini didapati dengan memplot
peratus isi rumah kumulatif pada paksi X
11.1 The Gini coefficient (G) is a measure
of income concentration derived from
the Lorenz Curve. The curve is
obtained by plotting the cumulative
per cent of households on the X axis
116
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
dan peratus jumlah pendapatan kumulatif
yang diterima oleh isi rumah pada paksi
Y. [Nilai pekali Gini berada antara 0 dan 1,
di mana 0 menunjukkan agihan
pendapatan yang saksama, manakala nilai
1 menunjukkan agihan pendapatan yang
paling tidak saksama].
against the cumulative per cent of the
aggregate income received by these
households on the Y axis. [The value of the
Gini coefficient ranges from 0 to 1 where 0
denotes complete equality of income share
and 1 represents total inequality of income
share].
11.2 Pekali Gini (G) ditakrifkan sebagai nisbah
kadaran keluasan di antara garis
pepenjuru dan keluk Lorenz (A) kepada
keluasan di bawah garis pepenjuru (A+B)
seperti dalam Rajah 1, di mana
11.2 The Gini coefficient (G) is the proportion of
the area between the diagonal and the
Lorenz Curve (A) and the area under the
diagonal (A+B) as shown in Figure 1,
whereby
atau secara matematiknya/or mathematically:
𝐺 = 𝐴
𝐴 + 𝐵 =
𝐋𝐮𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐚 𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐮𝐤 𝐝𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐫𝐮𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐋𝐮𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐫𝐮𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
=𝟎.𝟓 − 𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐮𝐤
0.5 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒0.5
k G = 1 - Σ ( f - f ) ( Y + Y )
i i+1 i i i+1
117
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
12. Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata
Pengiraan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata
adalah berdasarkan kepada fungsi exponential
seperti berikut:
12. Average annual growth rate
Calculation of the average annual growth rate is
based on the exponential function as follows:
di mana/where;
𝑟 kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata/average annual growth rate;
𝑌𝑡 purata pendapatan isi rumah tahun semasa/current year mean household income;
𝑌𝑜 purata pendapatan isi rumah tahun sebelumnya/previous year mean household income;
t tempoh masa/period
RAJAH 1/Figure 1 Keluk Lorenz/Lorenz Curve
A
B
Yi+1
Yi
fi fi+1
Agihan Isi Rumah Kumulatif/Cumulative Household Share
Agihan Pendapatan Kumulatif Cumulative Income Share
118
𝒓 =𝒍𝒏 �𝒀𝒕𝒀𝒐
�
𝒕
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
13. Batasan ukuran pendapatan
13. Limitations of income measurement
Bagi tujuan penjadualan, pendapatan kasar isi
rumah telah digunakan. Pendapatan kasar isi
rumah tidak mengambil kira bayaran pindahan
semasa terutama cukai pendapatan yang dibayar
oleh isi rumah yang berpendapatan tinggi. Begitu
juga, kesan taburan perbelanjaan awam tidak
digambarkan dalam penyiasatan kerana
kesukaran untuk mengira faedahnya sebagai
sebahagian daripada pendapatan isi rumah.
Perbelanjaan awam sedemikian akan
menguntungkan isi rumah yang berpendapatan
rendah yang mana imputasi ke atas faedah-faedah
tersebut akan meningkatkan jumlah pendapatan
mereka.
Gross household income has been used for
tabulation purposes. The gross household income
does not take into account current transfer
payment especially income taxes paid by the higher
income households. Moreover, the distributive
effects of public expenditure were also not reflected
in the survey data due to the inherent difficulties to
impute such benefits as part of household income.
Such public expenditure normally benefit the low
income households, the imputation of these benefits
will increase their total income.
Sebaliknya, penggunaan data pendapatan bersih,
setelah ditolak cukai pendapatan, akan
mengurangkan jumlah pendapatan bagi isi rumah
yang berpendapatan tinggi, menyebabkan
pengurangan ketidaksamaan pendapatan.
Otherwise, the use of net income data after
deduction of income taxes will decrease the total
income of the high income households, resulting in
a lowering of income inequalities.
14. Pembundaran anggaran
Pengiraan bagi sesuatu kategori mungkin tidak
sentiasa sama antara jadual disebabkan oleh
pembundaran secara bebas. Walau
bagaimanapun, perbezaan ini adalah tidak ketara.
Peratus yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual adalah
diperoleh daripada angka sebenar dan tidak
semestinya memberikan jumlah genap 100
peratus disebabkan pembundaran, walaupun
jumlah yang ditunjukan adalah 100 peratus.
14. Rounding of estimates
The calculation of certain categories may not
always be the same between tables due to
independent rounding. However, the differences
were insignificant.
Percentages shown in the tables were computed
from actual absolute figures and may not always
add up exactly to 100 per cent due to rounding,
although the totals were shown as 100 per cent.
119
2012 Nota Teknikal
Technical Notes
Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report
15. Nota dan Simbol
0.0 Kurang daripada setengah unit terkecil
yang ditunjukkan. Misalnya, kurang
daripada 0.05 peratus
- Tiada/kosong/tiada kes
W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan
RM Ringgit Malaysia
n.a. Tidak berkenaan
15. Notes and symbols
0.0 Less than half the smallest unit shown. For
example, less than 0.05 per cent
- Nil/blank/no case
W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan
RM Ringgit Malaysia
n.a. Not applicable
120
PENERBITAN INI BOLEH JUGA DIPEROLEH DI PEJABAT PERANGKAAN NEGERI SEPERTI BERIKUT : THIS PUBLICATION IS ALSO AVAILABLE AT THE FOLLOWING STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS :
Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Johor, Tingkat 14, Menara Tabung Haji, Jalan Air Molek, 80000 Johor Bahru,Johor. Tel : 07-2253700 Faks : 07-2249972 E-mel : jpjohor@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Kedah, Aras 1, Zon C, Wisma Persekutuan, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, Bandar Muadzam Shah, 06550 Anak Bukit, Kedah Darul Aman. Tel : 04 -7001240/1241 Faks : 04-7338412 E-mel : kedah@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Kelantan, Tingkat 8, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Bayam, 15514 Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Tel : 09-7419449 Faks : 09-7482142 E-mel : jpkelantan@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Melaka, Aras 7 & 8, Wisma Persekutuan, Jalan MITC, Hang Tuah Jaya, 75450, Ayer Keroh, Melaka. Tel : 06-2522725 Faks : 06-2522711 E-mel : jpmelaka@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sembilan, Tingkat 12, Wisma Persekutuan, Jalan Dato' Abdul Kadir, 70000 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Tel : 06-7655000 Faks : 06-7655002 E-mel : jpnsembilan@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Pahang, Tingkat 7, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Gambut, 25000 Kuantan, Pahang. Tel : 09-5163931/7 Faks : 09-5144636 E-mel : jppahang@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Pulau Pinang, Tingkat 6, Bangunan Persekutuan, 10400 Jalan Anson, Pulau Pinang. Tel : 04-2266244 Faks : 04-2299499 E-mel : jpppinang@stats.gov.my
Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Perak, Tingkat 3, Blok A, Bangunan Persekutuan Ipoh, Jalan Dato' Seri Ahmad Said (Greentown), 30450 Ipoh, Perak. Tel : 05-2554963 Faks : 05-2551073 E-mel : jpperak@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Perlis, Tingkat 4, Bangunan KWSP, Jalan Bukit Lagi, 01000 Kangar, Perlis. Tel : 04-9771221 Faks : 04-9771223 E-mel : jpperlis@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Selangor, Tingkat 9, Bangunan Darul Ehsan, Jalan Indah, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor. Tel : 03-55150200 Faks : 03-55180408 E-mel : jpselangor@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Terengganu, Tingkat 9, Wisma Persekutuan, Jalan Sultan Ismail, 20200 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel : 09-6223062 Faks : 09-6229659 E-mel : jpterengganu@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sabah, Aras 1-3, Blok C, Kompleks Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan Sabah, Jalan UMS, Beg Berkunci 2046, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Tel : 088-484602 Faks : 088-484659 E-mel : jpsabah@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sarawak, Tingkat 7 & 8, Bangunan Tun Datuk Patinggi Tuanku Hj. Bujang, Jalan Simpang 3, 93514 Kuching, Sarawak. Tel : 082-240287 Faks : 082-242609 E-mel : jpsarawak@stats.gov.my Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Wilayah Persekutuan, Tingkat 19, Wisma KWSG, Jalan Kg. Attap, 50604 Kuala Lumpur. Tel : 03-22672400 Faks : 03-22745075 E-mel : jpwpkl@stats.gov.my