HOLY HOLY ROMAN ROMAN EMPIREEMPIRE

ROLE OF THE ROLE OF THE CHURCHCHURCH

STRUCTURE OF CHURCHSTRUCTURE OF CHURCHPope

Head of Church

Clergy

Bishops

Supervised the Priests

Priests

Lowest of all Clergy

ROLE OF CHURCHROLE OF CHURCH

• Provided:

–Sense of Security

–Community

–Faith

• Age of Faith–Religion is the center of life

REACHING SALVATIONREACHING SALVATIONSacraments

–Important religious ceremonies

Baptism

–Public acknowledgement of faith

Tithes (source of corruption)

–Payments for religious favors

CHURCH JUSTICECHURCH JUSTICECannon Law

–Law of the Church

–Courts for violators

Excommunication

–Banishment from Church

–Pope would use power over Political leaders

HOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

• Arose from Charlemagne’s Empire (late 900s AD)

• Otto I ruled Germany–Followed his hero Charlemagne

• Practiced same Government

–Alliance with Church–Defeated German Princes to gain

power

FEAR OF POWERFEAR OF POWER• Church began to resent King’s

power

Lay Investiture

Ceremony where Kings/Nobles appoint Church Officials

• Pope Gregory VII

Banned Lay Investiture

• Emperor Henry IV

demanded Gregory VII step down

HENRY IVHENRY IV VS VS GREGORY VIIGREGORY VII

HENRY IV vs GREGORY VIIHENRY IV vs GREGORY VII• Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV

• Henry asks for forgiveness

• Showdown at Canossa

– Henry traveled to Canossa, Italy (winter)

– Gregory kept Henry waiting in the snow for 3 days (no shoes)

– Gregory accepted his apology

• Henry went back home and punished the nobles who were against him

CONCORDAT OF WORMSCONCORDAT OF WORMS

• Compromise over Lay Investiture

–Church would elect Bishops and officials

–Emperor had veto power

FREDERICK IFREDERICK I

• Nickname Barbarossa (red beard)

• Military Skills dominated German Princes

• Lombard League–Enemy’s of Frederick

•Merchants and the Pope

FREDERICK IFREDERICK I

BATTLE OF LEGNANOBATTLE OF LEGNANO1177 AD

• Frederick vs. Lombard League

• Frederick suffers major defeat

1190 AD

–Frederick drowned

• Empire fell back into separate states

Q&AQ&A1. Describe the structure of the Church.

2. Why was the Church the center of society?

3. What were Tithes? How could they be abused?

4. What was Lay Investiture?

5. Who united the Church and the Holy Roman Empire?

6. Why did the Church and Empire have a fallout?

7. Who made up the Lombard League?

8. How did the Holy Roman Empire fall?