Post on 14-Dec-2015
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Chapter 4Chapter 4
INDEPENDENCE!INDEPENDENCE!
Section 1:Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest The Seeds of Unrest
Section 2:Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World The Shot Heard Round the World
Section 3:Section 3: Independence Declared Independence Declared
Section 4:Section 4: An American Victory An American Victory
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s
Rebellion?Rebellion?Why did the British government pass the Sugar Why did the British government pass the Sugar
Act and the Stamp Act?Act and the Stamp Act?How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?What events led to the Boston Massacre?What events led to the Boston Massacre?
Section 1: The Seeds of UnrestSection 1: The Seeds of Unrest
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Crown response to Pontiac’s RebellionCrown response to Pontiac’s Rebellionissued the Proclamation of 1763, barring issued the Proclamation of 1763, barring
settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring traders to obtain permission before entering the traders to obtain permission before entering the territoryterritory
attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs of fighting the rebellionof fighting the rebellion
Section 1: The Seeds of UnrestSection 1: The Seeds of Unrest
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Sugar Act and Stamp ActSugar Act and Stamp ActThe Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed The Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed because the British government was deeply in debt because the British government was deeply in debt from fighting the French and Indian War and Indian from fighting the French and Indian War and Indian uprisings.uprisings.
Section 1: The Seeds of UnrestSection 1: The Seeds of Unrest
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Colonial response to the Stamp ActColonial response to the Stamp ActColonial assemblies met to protest taxation Colonial assemblies met to protest taxation
without representation.without representation.Colonial merchants signed nonimportation Colonial merchants signed nonimportation
agreements.agreements.Some public demonstrations turned violent.Some public demonstrations turned violent.
Section 1: The Seeds of UnrestSection 1: The Seeds of Unrest
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Events leading to the Boston MassacreEvents leading to the Boston MassacreParliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767; Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767;
writs of assistance used to enforce them.writs of assistance used to enforce them.British government dissolved the Massachusetts British government dissolved the Massachusetts
assembly for its opposition.assembly for its opposition.Protest escalated into boycotts and violence; Protest escalated into boycotts and violence;
British troops sent to Boston.British troops sent to Boston.British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.
Section 1: The Seeds of UnrestSection 1: The Seeds of Unrest
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the
Boston Tea Party?Boston Tea Party?Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?What events led to the battles at Lexington and What events led to the battles at Lexington and
Concord?Concord?What actions did the Second Continental Congress What actions did the Second Continental Congress
take?take?
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the WorldSection 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea PartyThe Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the The Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the
British East India Company; it gave the company British East India Company; it gave the company privileges that no American merchants had.privileges that no American merchants had.
The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’ The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’ demands that three shiploads of tea be returned to demands that three shiploads of tea be returned to Britain.Britain.
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the WorldSection 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
The Intolerable ActsThe Intolerable Actspassed to punish Boston and the rest of passed to punish Boston and the rest of
Massachusetts for the Boston Tea PartyMassachusetts for the Boston Tea Partydesigned to strengthen British control over all the designed to strengthen British control over all the
coloniescolonies
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the WorldSection 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Events leading to battles of Lexington Events leading to battles of Lexington and Concordand Concord Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to
Intolerable Acts.Intolerable Acts. First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade
with Britain.with Britain. Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize
rebel military supplies.rebel military supplies. Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British
soldiers.soldiers.
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the WorldSection 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Second Continental CongressSecond Continental CongressContinental Army established; George Continental Army established; George
Washington chosen to commandWashington chosen to commandfought the Battle of Bostonfought the Battle of Bostonsent the Olive Branch Petition to King Georgesent the Olive Branch Petition to King Georgevoted to declare independencevoted to declare independence
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the WorldSection 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:How did the Declaration of Independence explain How did the Declaration of Independence explain
America’s break with Great Britain?America’s break with Great Britain?How did Americans react to the Declaration of How did Americans react to the Declaration of
Independence?Independence?What major problems did the Continental Army face?What major problems did the Continental Army face?What roles did different groups of people play in the What roles did different groups of people play in the
war?war?
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independencelisted King George III’s misdeedslisted King George III’s misdeedsestablished the doctrine of unalienable rightsestablished the doctrine of unalienable rightsdeclared that people have the right to abolish declared that people have the right to abolish
government that deprives them of unalienable government that deprives them of unalienable rightsrights
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Reactions to DeclarationReactions to DeclarationSome Patriots celebrated and even destroyed Some Patriots celebrated and even destroyed
British icons.British icons.Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration; Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration;
some fled.some fled.Some Patriots wanted women included in the Some Patriots wanted women included in the
government.government.
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Army problemsArmy problemslack of important supplies, including food, lack of important supplies, including food,
clothing, and other necessitiesclothing, and other necessitiesharsh weatherharsh weatherdiseasediseaseshortage of enlistmentsshortage of enlistments
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
African AmericansAfrican AmericansSome fought for the British to gain freedom.Some fought for the British to gain freedom.Many former slaves fought for Patriots.Many former slaves fought for Patriots.
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
American IndiansAmerican IndiansMany supported the British, who promised to protect Many supported the British, who promised to protect land rights.land rights.
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
WomenWomenSome served as spies and messengers; a few as Some served as spies and messengers; a few as
soldiers.soldiers.Many accompanied troops to work as cooks, Many accompanied troops to work as cooks,
laundresses, and nurses.laundresses, and nurses.Others made war materials and kept colonial Others made war materials and kept colonial
economy going.economy going.
Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton
and Saratoga?and Saratoga?How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West
and the South?and the South?What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?
Section 4: An American VictorySection 4: An American Victory
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Battle of TrentonBattle of Trentonfirst major offensivefirst major offensiveraised American moraleraised American morale
Section 4: An American VictorySection 4: An American Victory
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratogaencouraged European countries to become U.S. encouraged European countries to become U.S.
alliesalliesraised American moraleraised American morale
Section 4: An American VictorySection 4: An American Victory
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
The West and the SouthThe West and the SouthSmall detachments of troops gave Patriots speed Small detachments of troops gave Patriots speed
and flexibility.and flexibility.Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack
more places.more places.Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take
advantage of local geography and to destabilize advantage of local geography and to destabilize the British.the British.
Section 4: An American VictorySection 4: An American Victory
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Parisgranted the United States independencegranted the United States independencetransferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to transferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to
the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes south to the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes south to Florida, to the AmericansFlorida, to the Americans
declared that the Americans should pay any debts declared that the Americans should pay any debts owed to the Britishowed to the British
Section 4: An American VictorySection 4: An American Victory