Headache, Upper Motor Neuron

And Lower Motor Neuron Lesions

AREEBA AZEEMB.PT 2ND YEAR

HEADACHE

• A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck.

• Some headaches result from pain stimuli arising inside the cranium but others result from pain arising outside the cranium such as from nasal sinuses.

Headache classification

Headache

Extra cranial Headache

IntracranialHeadache

Tension

Sinusitis

Cluster

Spinal Headache

Migraine

Meningitis

INTRACRANIAL HEADACHE

• A migraine is a common type of headache that may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. In many people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head.

1. Migraine

Migraine Stages And Symptoms

2. Meningitis

• One of the most severe headache of all that result from meningitis. Which causes inflammation of meninges.

• Its includes sensitive area of Dura and sensitive area of venous sinuses.

• Such intense damage can cause extreme headache pain referred over entire head.

Symptoms

3. Spinal Headache

• A spinal headache is also known as (low pressure headache, or post-lumbar puncture headache)

• Spinal headaches are a type of headache that occurs when the pressure in the skull becomes low, usually from a loss of the spinal fluid that surrounds the brain and the nerves in the spine.

• The headache is much worse when standing, and almost resolves by simply lying down

Symptoms

• Its symptoms includes, neck stiffness, pressure in the back of the head, nausea and vomiting, light sensitivity, decrease in hearing, and pain down the arm. In some cases, the headache pain is so severe the patient can not stay upright.

EXTRA CRANIAL HEADACHE

• Tension headaches are the most common form of headaches.

• They are caused by muscle tightening in the back of the neck and/or scalp, often triggered by emotional stress, fatigue, or depression.

• There are two classifications of tension headaches.

• Episodic tension-type headaches occur randomly and less frequently.

• Chronic tension-type headaches are daily or continuous headaches where the intensity of the pain may vary during a 24-hour cycle.

1. Tension headache

Tension Headache Symptoms

2. Cluster Headache

• Cluster headache is one of the most painful types of headache. Cluster headache is sometimes called the "alarm clock headache" because it commonly awakens you in the middle of the night with intense pain in or around the eye on one side of your head.

Cluster Headache Symptoms

3. sinusitis

• Sinusitis is infection or inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities. These are hollow spaces in your cheeks and around your eyes. Sinus infections often follow a cold and cause pain and pressure in your head and face.

• Pain is localized to the cheek : maxillary sinusitis

• To the forehead : frontal sinusitis• Midline behind the nose :

ethmoid and sphenoid sinusitis.• Sinusitis can be either acute

(sudden) or chronic (long-term).

Symptoms

Difference Between Upper Motor Neuron

And Lower Motor Neuron Lesions

Upper Motor Neuron Lesion Lower Motor Neuron Lesion

Muscle become paralyzed and rigid is called Spastic Paralysis.

Paralysis with loss of muscle tone of the paralyzed part is called Flaccid Paralysis.

Muscle Tone increases called Hypertonic. Muscle Tone decreases called Hypotonic.

Deep Reflexes are exaggerated (hyper active ).

Deep Reflexes are lost (Areflexia).

Muscle Mass slight loss only.

Muscle Mass decreases / Atrophy.

Positive Babinski sign is present.(Toe up). Negative Babinski sign is present.(Toe down).

References:http://www.medicinenet.com/headache/article.htm.http://www.zomig.com/migraine-symptoms.aspx.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/spinal-headaches/DS00643http://www.webmd.com/allergies/tc/sinusitis-topic-overviewText Book Of Medical Physiology Guyton & Hall Page # 606-607.

Thank You..