Post on 13-Jun-2020
Have you ever thought about
octopus?
Grisel RodrÍguez Ferrer Jonathan Hernández Acevedo
Craig Lilyestrom Sports and Recreational Fisheries Division
© Schärer
Background
1%
99%
Total pounds reported 1983-2014 DNER-CSP
Total pounds of octopus landed
Total pounds (finfish +shellfish)
Reported octopus landings DNER-CSP (1983-2014)
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Tota
l rep
orte
d po
unds
Year
Percentage of octopus landings per coast reported to the DNER CSP (1983-2014)
NORTH 5% EAST
4%
SOUTH 76%
WEST 15%
Total number of pounds per year reported for the south coast of Puerto Rico (1983-2014)
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000 19
83
1984
19
85
1986
19
87
1988
19
89
1990
19
91
1992
19
93
1994
19
95
1996
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
20
07
2008
20
09
2010
20
11
2012
20
13
2014
Tota
l num
ber o
f po
unds
Year
To describe the octopus fishery
Objective
Methodology • Camuy to Peñuelas • September 2016-June 2017
Methodology
Fisher Buyer
• Fish markets • Boat ramps • Shore
Business • Restaurants • Kiosk
Point of Sales Capture
Fisher Interview • Questions
– Age – Fishing mode – Duration – Capturing site – Equipment – Frequency – Species identification – Disposition
Point of Sales • Questions
– Business type – Octopus origin
• % Imported vs Local • $ Imported vs Local
– Is there a season? • Restaurants and kiosk
– How is it prepared? – How much is sold per day, per week?
RESULTS
THE FISHER
Results
• 30 fishers – 5 were dedicated octopus fishers
• Age 40 to 70 yrs. • Capture gear: Garampín o bichero (hooks) • Depth: 1-30 feet • Zone: Rocky shore and Cays.
Results
Results • 30 octopus fishers
5 3 with fishing license and reporting 1 expired license
2 Not licensed
• Sold directly to business or particular clients; not to fish market.
• 25 fishers- – Personal consumption. – To be used as bait.
The octopus species
Octopus vulgaris • Common octopus • Maximum length -3 ft. (1.3 m) (Roper
et al 1984) • Max weight- 22 lbs. (10 kg) Roper et
al. (1984) • Habitat-rocky zones, reefs and sea
grass beds • Diurnal habits (Humann, P. &
Deloach, N., 2002) • Depth- 1-650 ft (0-200m) • Between 100,000 and 500,000 eggs
(Anderson and Wood, 2012). • Planktonic larvae (40 days) • Most abundant species in commercial
fisheries worldwide (Josupeit, H., 2008).
Results • A total of 120 octopus were measured
– 118 were O. vulgaris
Weight (kg)
Mantle length (mm)
Head length (mm)
Total length (mm)
Average 0.65 77.1 34.2 382.4 Minimum 0.14 20 10 210 Maximum 1.36 140 65 620
Octopus less that 200 mm were not allowed to be measured.
Disposition: bait
Size frequency distribution of O. vulgaris
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 20
0 22
0 24
0 26
0 28
0 30
0 32
0 34
0 36
0 38
0 40
0 42
0 44
0 46
0 48
0 50
0 52
0 54
0 56
0 58
0 60
0 62
0 64
0
Freq
uenc
y
Total length (mm)
Octopus briareus • Generally known as the “Ethical octopus”
– It has several common names: pulpo manta, pulpo elástico o gigante y pulpo barraclava.
• Max. length- 3 ft. (100 cm) Roper et al (1984)
• Max. weight- 3 lb. (1.5 kg) • Habitat- mainly reefs, but also in rocky
zones and sea grass beds • Nocturnal habits- (Humann and Deloach
2002) • Depth- 1-75 ft. (0-22 m) • Between 150 y 950 eggs (10-14 mm)
(Anderson and Wood, 2012). • No planktonic larvae (Mather et al, 2010).
Results
• 2 individuals O. briareus
Sample Weight (kg)
Mantle length (mm)
Head length (mm)
Total length (mm)
1 0.45 50 45 492
2 0.27 48 22 390
Results
• Some fishers identify O. vulgaris as the male and O. briareus as the female of the same species.
• O. briareus has several common names: – South-Ético – Cabo Rojo-Barraclava – North-west-Pulpo gigante o pulpo
elástico.
– Camuy-Pulpo Manta.
Species identification
Coloration
• O. vulgaris-creme or dark brown
• O. briareus- blue
Coloration O. briareus O. vulgaris
Eye coloration: O. briareus O. vulgaris
Is there a season?
• North coast : – June-October; peak August – Weather condition is a critical factor in this area.
• South coast- – October-January – Closer to shallow areas due to a decrease in
temperature and mating.
Point of sales
Fish Markets • 19 fish market visited • 11 or 58% sold octopus • 1 mentioned it also buys imported (Spain) • Price (retail) $5.00 per pound. • Average sold 70 lbs. per week. • Seasonal
Kiosks • 10 kiosks visited • 1 buys directly from fisher • 1 fish market • Supermarket, importers, big chain commerce. • Average sold 20 lbs. per week. • How is it prepared?
– Boiled for salads – Mofongo – Sushi – Turnovers
Restaurants • 60 restaurants visited • 50 restaurants sold octopus on their menu • 88% buy imported octopus.
• Spain, Vietnam, Philippines, Mexico • 9% buys local octopus. • 63.3% do not buy local octopus ever. • Importers, food supply companies, fish markets and local fishermen • Average sold per week 35 lbs. (maximum 200 lbs). • How is it prepared?
– Boiled for salads, sauces – Mofongo – Sushi – Turnovers
Recommendations
• There is a need for species identification. • Standarized measuring protocol (Total
length? Mantle? Weight?). • Size at sexual maturity? • Protect by seasonal clousures? • Cover the south east, east and north east
coast of Puerto Rico.
References • Acosta-Jofré, M., Sahade, R., Laudien, J., & Chiappero, M. (2011). A
contribution to the understanding of phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Octopus (Octopodidae: Cephalopoda). Scientia Marina, 76(2), 311-318. doi: 10.3989/scimar.03365.03B
• Anderson, R. C. & Wood, J. B. (2012) Raising Baby Octopus. Drum and Croaker: A Highly Irregular Journal for the Public Aquarist, 43, 34-40. Recuperado de http://drumandcroaker.org/pdf/2012.pdf
• Humann, P. & Deloach, N. (2002) Reef Creature Identification: Florida, Caribbean and Bahamas (2nd ed.) Florida: New World Publications.
• Josupeit, H. (2008) WORLD OCTOPUS MARKET. GLOBEFISH Research Programme, 94, 1-65.
• Mather, J. A., Anderson, R. C. & Wood, J. B. (2010). Octopus: The Ocean’s Intelligent Invertebrate (1st ed.) Portland‧London: Timber Press
References
• Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney & C.E. Nauen, (1984). FAO species catalogue Vol 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop., 125(3), 191-223.
• Voss, G.L., (1986). A new look at squid and octopus potential of the Caribbean. Pages 34-40 in F. Williams, ed. Proc. 37th Annual Gulf & Carib. Fish. Inst., Miami, FL, 248
Questions?