Post on 05-Aug-2015
Federal Department of the Environment,Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC
Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
Tsinghua University, 25 June 2015
Green Economy A Need for our Planet – an Opportunity for Switzerland…
…and maybe for China as well
Dr Bruno OberleDirector of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Switzerland
2 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Planetary Boundaries and the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
Source: Rockström et al. (2009)
3 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Pressure on Natural Resources
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
220%
240%
260%
280%
300%
Global GDP
World population
2050 = 422 %
Sources: Population: UN-ESA 2010 (scenario„medium“)
GDP: Worldbank 2012, UNEP 2011 (BAU scenario)
Global trends: GDP, Population1990=100 %
2050 = 9.3 bn
4 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Consequences of InactionDestabilising Climate Change
Source: OECD, 2012
GHG emissions by region: Baseline, 2010 to 2050
5 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Consequences of InactionMass Extinction of Species
Source: OECD, 2012
Effects of different pressures on terrestrial MSA: Baseline, 2010 to 2050
6 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Consequences of InactionIncreasing Freshwater Shortages
Global water demand: Baseline, 2000 and 2050
Source: OECD, 2012
7 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Consequences of InactionIncrease in Premature Mortality
Source: OECD, 2012
Global premature deaths from selected environmental risks:Baseline, 2010 to 2050
8 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Resource OveruseEcological Footprint in Number of Earths
Source: Global Footprint Network; Ecological Footprint in number of earths
World:
Switzerland:
China:
9 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Ecological Overshoot in 2014
Note: Overshoot Day in terms of the biocapacity of the countries/regionsSource: Global Footprint Network/WWF Living Planet Report 2012
20152014
19.08.2014Earth Overshoot Day
End of MarchSwiss Overshoot Day
End of MayChina’s Overshoot Day
Mid-JulyOvershoot Day
high-income countries
Ecological BALANCE low-income countries
Mid-NovemberOvershoot Day
middle-income countries
10 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Source: Frischknecht et al. (2014)
Local Consumption – Global Impact
In 2011, about 73 % of the total environmental impact arising from final demand in Switzerland accumulates in other countries – due to imports.
11 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Swiss Environmental Impactby Area of Consumption
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
nutrition
housing
private mobility
health care
recreation, culture
restaurants, hotels
other goods
education, …
residual public final …
clothing
million UBP per capita, per annum
domestic environmental impact
environmental impact abroad
~ 70 % nutrition, housing, mobility
Source: ESU services Ltd./Rütter+Partner (2011)
12 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Resource Consumption and ProsperityA Fatal Relationship
Sustainability quadrant
0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 -
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
ChinaCuba
France
Germany
India
Mexico
Norway
Qatar
Russian Federation
Sri Lanka
Switzerland
United Arab Emirates
United States
Human Development Index
Ecol
ogic
al F
ootp
rint
World biocapacity per capita
Very
hig
hhu
man
dev
elop
men
t
Sources: Ecological Footprint 2007: www.footprintnetwork.org, Human Development Index 2012: UNDP
13 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Resource Consumption and GDP/CapitaSwitzerland
Resource use in terms of the ecological footprint expressed as number of Earths; Source: www.footprintnetwork.orgReal GDP per capita: chained values, reference year 2005; Source: SECO (2014), FSO (2012)
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
450%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Resource useResource use (linear extrapolated)Real GDP per capitaReal GDP per capita (linear extrapolated)
14 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
We Need a “Wedge”
Resource use in terms of the ecological footprint expressed as number Earths; Source: www.footprintnetwork.org
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
450%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Resource useResource use (linear extrapolated)
1. Technology
4. Political power
5. Solidarity
2. Investment
3. Sustainable finance
6. Communication/networking
17 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Investments in CleantechProduction of high-grade steel from scrap metalat a Swiss steel factory
Picture:FOEN
19 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Investment Needs for Sustainable Development in China
Source: People’s Bank of China, UNEP, 2015
20 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Business OpportunitiesMarkets for Environm. Technology & Resource Efficiency
Global volume 2013 (in billion Euro)
Source: BMUB cites Roland Berger, 2014
21 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Global average annual growth 2013 – 2025
Business OpportunitiesMarkets for Environm. Technology & Resource Efficiency
Source: BMUB cites Roland Berger, 2014
22 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Business Opportunities: Financial Sector
Trillions of Dollars of
investments needed for a
green and inclusive economy globally
Swiss Financial Center with
pioneers in the field of
Sustainable Finance
23 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Source: Swiss Banking
Business Opportunities: Financial SectorPrivate Banking Switzerland
24 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Innovative CapacityGlobal Innovation Index 2014
Quelle: www.globalinnovationindex.org/, 2014
25 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Innovative CapacityInnovation Union Scoreboard 2014
Source: EC, 2014
26 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2012
Source: Cleantech Group/WWF, 2012
27 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2014
Source: Cleantech Group/WWF, 2014
28 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Cleantech in SwitzerlandEmployment and Value Added in 2013
Source: EBP, 2014
Absolute Market Share
Employees in FTE 530‘000 13.5 %
Gross Value Added [CHF] 48.6 bn 8.0 %
Export Value [CHF] 40.5 bn 5.5 %
29 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
International Initiatives
31 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Revision of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA)
ActionTargets
Measurement &Reporting
Green Economy Platform
Long-term goal: significant reductionof environmental impact
Regulation already useful and necessary:
waste and raw materials consumption and production
32 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
EPA Revision: Political Process
2013: Federal Council decides EPA revision
2013: Consultation process
2014: Dispatch of EPA revision to parliament
2017: EPA revision in force?
Currently: Revision discussed in parliament
…
33 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle
Green Economy Policy2013: Report and Action Plan
Priority areas Measures Lead
Consumption and production
M 1: Resource-efficient ICTs DETEC
M 2, 3: Food waste/nutrition EAER
M 4, 5, 6: Information on products and product ranges DETEC
M 7: Releasing products in the market DETEC/EAER
M 8, 9: Coordination with the economy DETEC/EAER
M10: Competence centre for resource efficiency DETEC/EAER
M11: Enterprise resource efficiency improvement network DETEC/EAER Wastes and raw materials M 12 – M 18 DETEC/DDPS
Cross-cutting instruments
M 19, 20: International commitment FDFA/DETEC
M 21: Cleantech Master Plan EAER/DETEC
M 22: Green the tax system FDF/DETEC Targets, monitoring, information, reporting M 23 to 27 DETEC/FDHA