Post on 04-Jan-2016
Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution – Jeopardy 2
More Darwin Speciation More Evolution Evidence
Mechanisms of Evolution
Selection
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Darwin did not use this term because he believed it always
implied progress
What is Evolution?
Darwin observed these types of morphological structures that have similar elements
and ancestral origin BUT may differ in function
What areHomologous Structures?
There are five key observations that provide the
logic and mechanisms for evolution. One inference
states that traits are inherited that give individuals this.
What is “a better chance of surviving
and successfully reproducion?”
The key to Natural Selection lies in its ability to favour this.
What is Reproductive Success?
After his five year voyage on the HMS Beagle and collecting over 1,000
specimens, Darwin concluded this about traits
What is “…individuals exhibiting most
favourable traits survive in greater numbers AND these
traits are passed to their offspring?
This type of speciation occurs in populations in the
same geographical areas diverge and become
reproductively isolated
What is Sympatic Speciation?
It is the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently
adapted species
What is Adaptive Radiation?
Speciation is based on the disruption of this within a
population
What is “gene flow?”
A geographic barrier splits a population into two separate
groups.
What isAllopatric Speciation?
A pattern of evolution in which species that were
once similar to an ancestral species diverge OR become
increasingly distinct
What is Divergent Evolution?
The number of digits in the lower limb of a bat
What is five?
The number of digits is similar to humans, frogs and horses. They look similar in structure, but they may be
different in function
In populations, it is the number of offspring produced
What is “…more than the number of
adults?”
Over long periods of geological time, it is what
continents do
What is Drift (move)?
A fossil that shows the intermediary links between
groups of organisms
What are Transitional Fossils?
Approximate date of the appearance of hominids in
the fossil record
What is 7 million years ago?
This has nothing to do with age. Rather, it relates to
reproductive success AND the contribution an individual
makes to the gene pool
What is Fitness?
A feature that makes an individual more likely to survive in environmental
conditions
What is an Adaptation?
Complete set of alleles contained within a species of
a population
What is the Gene Pool?
Evolution of similar traits in distantly related species
What is Convergent Evolution?
The process in which one species evolves in
response to the evolution of another species
What is Co-evolution?
In this selection type, there are two types of seeds for a population of birds to
consume. Two different beak shapes -- sharp or blunt -- might be selected for (i.e., both beak shapes effectively allow the birds to feed). However, a beak that is the average
of the two shapes might not be particularly good at eating either
seed, so this trait would be selected
against.
What is Disruptive Selection?
Selection that works against the two extremes of a trait to make the
population more uniform (i.e., favours an intermediate phenotype). For example, birth weight of human
babies is maintained at an intermediate weight because babies
that are too big or too small have less chance of being born healthy.
What is Stabilizing Selection?
This type of section, common during periods of
environmental change, selects the extreme of one
trait. For example in a population of plants,
flowers with the brightest colour might be selected
for to attract the more pollinators.
What is Directional Selection?
Also called diversifying selection, this selection
favours the extreme phenotypes over an
intermediate phenotype
What is Disruptive Selection?
Natural selection in the mating breed, in general, on competition between
males and choices of females
What is Sexual Selection?