Post on 31-Dec-2020
12
14
01
00
01
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
In addition to this examination paper, you will need:• the Geological Map Extract (Usk-Cwmbran);• a hand-lens or magnifier to study the map (optional);• a calculator;• a protractor.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen or correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you run out of space, use theadditional page(s) at the back of the booklet, taking care to number the question(s) correctly.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
Candidates are reminded that marking will take into account the quality of communication used in their answers.
SM*(S13-1214-01)
Surname
Other Names
CandidateNumber
2
CentreNumber
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
GCE A level
1214/01
GEOLOGY – GL4Interpreting The Geological Record
A.M. MONDAY, 3 June 2013
2 hours
Examiner only
Section A
1. 15
2. 15
3. 15
4. 15
Section B
5. 7
6. 16
7. 7
8. 10
Total 100
2
(1214-01)
Examineronly
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
SECTION A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
This section should take approximately 1 hour to complete.
1. Two samples of river sediment (A and B) were obtained from localities A and B on the geological map (Figure 1a). Sediments A and B were sieved and the results plotted in Figures 1b and 1c respectively.
1616 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
0
50
100
Figure 1b Figure 1c
250
800
1500
800
0 5
Figure 1a
Sea
locality C
locality A
N
locality B
granite upland
Key
shale lowland
limestone ridge
sandstone ridge
height (m)
localities A and B = river channel sediments
locality C = marine beach sediment
1616 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
0
50
100
Fre
qu
ency
(%
)
Fre
qu
ency
(%
)
Grain size (mm) Grain size (mm)
km
sediment A sediment B
(1214-01) Turn over.
12
14
01
00
03
3
Examineronly
Refer to Figures 1a, 1b and 1c.
(a) (i) Describe the sorting of sediment A. [2]
(ii) Account for the difference in sorting between sediments A and B. [2]
(b) Describe, with reasons, the mineral composition of the sedimentary grains you might expect to find in sediments A and B. [4]
Sediment A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sediment B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
4
(1214-01)
Examineronly
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(c) A sample of beach sediment C was obtained from locality C on Figure 1a. Table 1 outlines details of a chemical experiment on sediments A, B and C.
Refer to Table 1 and Figure 1a.
(i) Suggest what conclusions can be drawn about the composition of sediment C from the results of this experiment. [2]
(ii) Suggest why the beach at locality C has the composition shown by sediment C in Table 1. [2]
Table 1
20 gram samples of sediments A, B and C were placed in hydrochloric acid (HCl) until any reaction was complete. The results of weighing the dried residues were as follows.
Sediment A Sediment B Sediment C
Mass of original sample (g) 20 20 20
Mass of sample after treatment with HCl (g) 20 20 15
(1214-01) Turn over.
12
14
01
00
05
5
Examineronly
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
15
Figure 1d
A student concluded that the original sedimentary environment in which the beds in Figure 1d were deposited was similar to the depositional conditions found at locality A on Figure 1a. Evaluate this statement with reference to the evidence in Figures 1a, 1b and 1d. [3]
hammer forscale – 30 cm
(d) Figure 1d is a photograph of an exposure of sedimentary rock.
(1214-01)
6
Examineronly
2. Figure 2a illustrates four fossil trilobites (A-D). Figure 2b and Table 2 describe the origin and diversity of the group during Palaeozoic times.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Figure 2a
700700 600 500 400 300 200
0
Figure 2b
Table 2
Trilobites suddenly appear in considerable numbers in the early Cambrian rocks. Their numbers had reached a maximum by the early Ordovician and gradually declined during the Silurian and Devonian. They were uncommon in the Carboniferous and finally became extinct in the Permian.
The genus Olenellus is an early trilobite with two large crescent-shaped eyes that are joined to the glabella. The thorax has many spines and the pygidium is relatively small.
Paradoxides has a large semi-circular cephalon, long genal spines and narrow crescent-shaped eyes. The thorax shows 16-21 segments each ending in a spine.
0
1
A B
C D
cm 0
1cm
0
1cm 0
2cm
Source – www.trilobites.info
Precambrian Cambrian Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian
maximum
Relative
number
of
families
Palaeozoic Mesozoic
(Ma)Ordovician
Turn over.
7
(1214-01)
Examineronly
(a) With reference to Table 2, draw a graph on Figure 2b to illustrate the diversity (relative numbers) of trilobites during the Palaeozoic. [3]
(b) (i) In the appropriate box below, state which of the trilobites (A-D) in Figure 2a represent the genera Olenellus and Paradoxides, outlined in Table 2. [2]
Olenellus = (A, B, C or D) Paradoxides = (A, B, C or D)
(ii) State two morphological differences between trilobite A and the other trilobites (B, C and D) shown in Figure 2a. [2]
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Suggest a possible mode of life for EITHER trilobite A OR trilobite B. Explain two pieces of evidence from the morphology of the fossil. [3]
Chosen trilobite (A or B)
Mode of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
12
14
01
00
07
(1214-01)
8
Examineronly
(d) “The Ediacaran fauna represent the oldest, most diverse set of multicellular, soft-bodied organisms with a possible link to the early appearance of trilobites as a complex and diversified group.”
(i) Explain why the fossil record does not contain evidence of trilobites before the Cambrian. [2]
(ii) On Figure 2b on page 6, clearly mark with an arrow (labelled E) a geological time when the Ediacaran fauna flourished. [1]
(iii) Suggest a possible reason for the sudden development and diversification of the Ediacaran fauna during this time. [2]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
15
BLANK PAGE
PLEASE DO NOT WRITEON THIS PAGE
(1214-01) Turn over.
9
12
14
01
00
09
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
10
(1214-01)
Examineronly
3. Figure 3a shows data obtained at the K-T boundary in New Zealand. Figure 3b and Table 3 show data linking the K-T boundary and Chicxulub impact crater, considered to be the site of an asteroid impact which caused the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary mass extinction.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
10 102
103
104
105
1 10 102
103
104
(a) Refer to Figure 3a.
(i) Describe the distribution of iridium in Figure 3a. [2]
(ii) Describe the degree of correlation between iridium and soot in Figure 3a. [2]
(iii) Account for the degree of correlation between iridium and soot at the K-T boundary in Figure 3a. [2]
Source: Modified after Wolbach et al., 1990
Figure 3a
Depthrelative to
K-Tboundary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
K-T Boundary Clay K-T Boundary Clay
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Iridium (ppt) Soot (ppm)
(1214-01) Turn over.
11
Examineronly
(b) Refer to Figure 3b and Table 3.
(i) Explain why micro-tektites are spherical and glassy. [2]
(ii) Outline two pieces of evidence from Figure 3b that might suggest the iridium layer at the K-T boundary formed much later than the Chicxulub impact event. Explain your answer in each case. [4]
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) From your knowledge, explain one alternative theory for the mass extinction at the K-T boundary. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
15
~8m
Figure 3bNE Mexico (Idealized section)
Tertiary
K-T boundaryiridium anomaly
Cretaceous
sandstone with burrows on some bedding planes
micro-tektites showingevidence of erosion
limestone layer
Chicxulub impact deposits(micro-tektites)
Keller et al., 2002
Stinnesbeck et al., 2001
12
14
01
00
11
Many K-T sites show layers of small, spherical, glassy grains known as micro-tektites, thought to represent droplets of vaporised rock following the impact.
Some researchers suggest that the iridium layer at the K-T boundary was deposited during the rapid deposition of impact debris following an asteroid impact at Chicxulub (Yucatán peninsula).
Others suggest evidence from NE Mexico (Figure 3b) indicates the iridium layer to have been deposited 300,000 years after the Chicxulub event in a separate unrelated impact event.
Table 3
12
(1214-01)
Examineronly
4. Figure 4a is a partially completed geological map. Figures 4b and 4c show two rock specimens collected from different quarries on Figure 4a.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Strike and dip direction of cleavage in slate
N
Key
indistinctcleavageplanes
specimen from Quarry C
42
44
41
42
4045
57
55
44
49
59
54
57
5850
0 300
Figure 4a
0 5
Figure 4b Figure 4c
xenoliths ofslate
coarse-grainedgabbro pluton
Quarry C: poorly cleaved, medium-grained, hard, grey, splintery rock that rings when hit with a hammer blow(Figure 4c)
dark, medium-grained, mafic, crystalline rock with horizontal columnar joints
Quarry B: well-cleaved, fine-grained slate(Figure 4b)
Quarry A: exposing a vertical igneous body composed of dolerite, containing small xenoliths of gabbro
m
cleavageplane
originalbedding
specimen from Quarry B
cm 0 10
mm
chiastolite
(1214-01) Turn over.
13
Examineronly
(a) Using data from the map, complete the outcrop of the following on Figure 4a:
(i) the gabbro pluton; [1]
(ii) the extent of a dolerite dyke. [2]
(b) (i) State the maximum principal stress directions (σ max) that formed the slate in Quarry B, outlining the evidence for your conclusions from Figure 4a and Figure 4b. [3]
Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Account for the difference in orientation and dip of the cleavage in the slate near to the gabbro pluton compared with the slate in Quarry B. [2]
(c) A student correctly concluded that the cleavage in the specimen from Quarry C (Figure 4c), formed at the same time as that in Figure 4b, from Quarry B.
With reference to Figure 4a, account for the differences in the mineralogy and structures within the specimen from Quarry C (Figure 4c) compared with Quarry B (Figure 4b). Explain the evidence for your conclusions. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
14
(1214-01)
Examineronly
(d) Figure 4d is a thin section through a zoned crystal of plagioclase feldspar from the gabbro pluton with a composition that varies between high temperature,
Calcium (Ca)-rich plagioclase and lower temperature, Sodium (Na)-rich plagioclase.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(i) Using Figure 4d, draw a line graph to show how the composition of the plagioclase crystal is likely to change across the width of the crystal. [1]
(ii) Explain the reasoning for your answer to (d)(i). [3]
15
1150
1500
0 1
Figure 4d
cm
Core
Ca-rich
Na-rich
Rim Core Rim
Pla
gio
cla
se f
eld
spa
rco
mp
osi
tio
n
Tem
per
atu
re (
°C)
X Y
Rim
YX
(1214-01) Turn over.
15
Examineronly
SECTION B
Questions 5-8 relate to the British Geological Survey 1:25 000 geological mapextract of Usk-Cwmbran
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
This section should take approximately 1 hour to complete.
5. (a) Alluvium is the main type of superficial (drift) deposit on the geological map. Describe the outcrop pattern of this deposit. [2]
(b) Account for the “v shape” in the outcrop pattern of the Upper Bringewood (limestone) beds (b7b ) in grid square 3600. [2]
(c) Figure 5 is a surface profile along the line P-Q in grid square 3300, showing the outcrop of the surface geology. A spring is associated with the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ).
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(i) Complete Figure 5 by sketching in the upper and lower boundaries of the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ). [1]
(ii) Draw in the following on Figure 5:
1. an arrow (labelled S) to mark the most likely location of a spring;
2. the position of a water table associated with the spring. [2] 7
vertical scale =horizontal scale
Figure 5
LowerBringewood
Beds (b7a )
WENLOCK
LIMESTONE (b6c )
Wenlock Shale
(b6b )
P
Q
16
(1214-01)
Examineronly
6. Figure 6 is a simplified sketch of structural features on the geological map.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
The axial plane traces of two plunging folds, offset by faults, are marked on Figure 6.
(a) (i) Complete Table 6 below by stating the evidence from the geological map alone that the Silurian strata in Box Z show the following fold characteristics:
1. a synform 2. a syncline 3. a plunge to the SSW. [3]
Fold in Box Z Evidence
1. a synform • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. a syncline • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. a plunge to the SSW • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) On Figure 6, draw in the axial plane trace of another major plunging anticline. Use the symbol in the key to indicate the direction of plunge of this fold. [2]
Table 6
Figure 6
0 1
00
98
Key
Axis of
anticline
Axis of
syncline
Fault
Plunge
direction
N
Llandegfedd
Reservoir
Box Z
Pen-y-Parc
Fault
Coed-y-Paen
Fault
Ty’nycaeau
Fault
Usk
km
(1214-01) Turn over.
17
Examineronly
(b) The geological map and cross section show that the Ty’nycaeau Fault has been downthrown towards the east. Further research suggests that:
“..the faulting is complicated by reactivation. Initially it was probably a strike-slip fault with a later dip-slip movement ”.
(i) Give two pieces of evidence from the geological map alone to support the statement that the Ty’nycaeau Fault has been downthrown towards the east. [2]
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The cross section shows the upper surface of the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ) on the west of the fault is approximately aligned with the base of the Downton Castle Sandstone (c1 ) across the Ty’nycaeau Fault.
Using the generalised geological column only, calculate the throw (vertical displacement) of the Ty’nycaeau Fault. Show your working. [2]
Throw = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .m
(iii) Describe the evidence from Figure 6 that the Ty’nycaeau Fault may have also been affected by strike-slip movement. [1]
(iv) A student suggested that “..slickensides could be used as field evidence to confirm the initial strike-slip direction of movement of the Ty’nycaeau Fault”.
Critically evaluate this statement. [2]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
18
(1214-01)
Examineronly
(c) Stating the evidence from the geological map and cross section, evaluate the following statement taken from a student’s analysis of the map.
Both the Coed-y-paen and Ty’nycaeau faults are:
1. normal faults 2. of similar throws 3. the result of the same principal stresses that formed the major folds. [4]
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
16
(1214-01)
19
Examineronly
7. Figure 7a is a photograph of a true dip section of a typical exposure of Wenlock
Limestone (b6c ) in the quarry at locality 24 (grid square 3498).
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Figure 7a
(a) With reference to the geological map and Figure 7a, complete the table below. [2]
estimation of the exposed height of the section • m
direction in which the camera was pointing •
(b) Annotate Figure 7a to show two geological features. [2]
(c) With reference to Figure 7a, the geological map and cross section, assess the suitability of the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ) as an aquifer for the accumulation and storage of groundwater. In your assessment you should consider:
• rockcharacteristics(textureandstructures) • thicknessandsurfaceoutcropexposure • foldstructures [3]
7
Turn over.
hammer forscale – 30 cm
20
(1214-01)
Examineronly
8. (a) The Darran Plantation (grid reference 325980) is situated on an ancient landslip which moved downhill to the north and west. With reference to the evidence from the geological map, evaluate the likelihood that the following factors were responsible for the landslip.
• Dip(angleanddirection)ofbeds • Fluvialprocesses • Faulting [5]
(b) (i) Suggest a probable geological explanation for the choice of location of the Llandegfedd Reservoir (GR 330995). [2]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
21
(1214-01)
Examineronly
(ii) Explain three geological factors that may have limited the final size of the Llandegfedd Reservoir during its design stage. [3]
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
END OF PAPER
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
10
Question
number
Additional page, if required.Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
Examineronly
(1214-01)
22
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(1214-01) Turn over.
23
Examineronly
Question
number
Additional page, if required.Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Question
number
Additional page, if required.Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
Examineronly
(1214-01)
24
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
GCE A level
1214/01-A
GEOLOGY – GL4Geological Map Extract
A.M. MONDAY, 3 June 2013
SM*(S13-1214-01A)© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
WJ
EC
1214/0
1-A
A
DV
AN
CE
D G
EO
LO
GY
GL
4 J
UN
E 2
013
Ex
tract
fro
m U
sk-C
wm
bra
n (
Soli
d &
Dri
ft)
1:2
5 0
00 (
1 c
m t
o 2
50 m
)
Rep
rod
uce
d b
y p
erm
issi
on
of
the
Dir
ecto
r B
riti
sh G
eolo
gic
al S
urv
ey
N
ER
C A
ll r
igh
ts r
eser
ved
CROSS SECTION SHOWING THE GENERAL RELATIONS OF ROCKS ALONG THE LINE X-Y
363432 37 38
38
353331
363432 3735333197
98
99
00
01
97
98
99
00
01
YX
Y
X
Inclined strata, dip in degrees
Geological boundary, Solid
Fault at surface, crossmark indicates downthrow side
Landslip
Quarry Location
Key to symbols
DO
WN
TO
N S
ER
IES
Alluvium
River Terrace Deposit
Siltstones with
some sandstones
Sandstone
Siltstones
Siltstones
Limestones
Siltstones
and
mudstones
Limestone
Siltstones
and
mudstones
Downton Castle
Sandstone
LE
INT
WA
R -
DIN
E B
ED
SU
PP
ER
BR
ING
EW
OO
D
BE
DS
LO
WE
R B
RIN
GE
WO
OD
BE
DS
WE
NL
OC
K
LIM
ES
TO
NE
WE
NL
OC
K S
HA
LE
WH
ITC
LIF
FE
BE
DS
RA
GLA
N M
AR
L G
RO
UP
LU
DL
OW
SE
RIE
SW
EN
LO
CK
SE
RIE
S
SIL
UR
IAN
LO
WE
R O
LD
RE
D S
AN
DS
TO
NE
Superficial (drift) Deposits
GENERALISED
GEOLOGICAL COLUMN
Scale 1:4200 (1 cm to 42 m)
Solid Geology
C1
b6C
Box Z
PQ
24