GEOLOGY – GL4 and A Level/Geology...Precambrian Cambrian Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian...

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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

In addition to this examination paper, you will need:• the Geological Map Extract (Usk-Cwmbran);• a hand-lens or magnifier to study the map (optional);• a calculator;• a protractor.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen or correction fluid.

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.

Answer all questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you run out of space, use theadditional page(s) at the back of the booklet, taking care to number the question(s) correctly.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.

Candidates are reminded that marking will take into account the quality of communication used in their answers.

SM*(S13-1214-01)

Surname

Other Names

CandidateNumber

2

CentreNumber

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GCE A level

1214/01

GEOLOGY – GL4Interpreting The Geological Record

A.M. MONDAY, 3 June 2013

2 hours

Examiner only

Section A

1. 15

2. 15

3. 15

4. 15

Section B

5. 7

6. 16

7. 7

8. 10

Total 100

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SECTION A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

This section should take approximately 1 hour to complete.

1. Two samples of river sediment (A and B) were obtained from localities A and B on the geological map (Figure 1a). Sediments A and B were sieved and the results plotted in Figures 1b and 1c respectively.

1616 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125

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50

100

Figure 1b Figure 1c

250

800

1500

800

0 5

Figure 1a

Sea

locality C

locality A

N

locality B

granite upland

Key

shale lowland

limestone ridge

sandstone ridge

height (m)

localities A and B = river channel sediments

locality C = marine beach sediment

1616 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125

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50

100

Fre

qu

ency

(%

)

Fre

qu

ency

(%

)

Grain size (mm) Grain size (mm)

km

sediment A sediment B

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Refer to Figures 1a, 1b and 1c.

(a) (i) Describe the sorting of sediment A. [2]

(ii) Account for the difference in sorting between sediments A and B. [2]

(b) Describe, with reasons, the mineral composition of the sedimentary grains you might expect to find in sediments A and B. [4]

Sediment A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sediment B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) A sample of beach sediment C was obtained from locality C on Figure 1a. Table 1 outlines details of a chemical experiment on sediments A, B and C.

Refer to Table 1 and Figure 1a.

(i) Suggest what conclusions can be drawn about the composition of sediment C from the results of this experiment. [2]

(ii) Suggest why the beach at locality C has the composition shown by sediment C in Table 1. [2]

Table 1

20 gram samples of sediments A, B and C were placed in hydrochloric acid (HCl) until any reaction was complete. The results of weighing the dried residues were as follows.

Sediment A Sediment B Sediment C

Mass of original sample (g) 20 20 20

Mass of sample after treatment with HCl (g) 20 20 15


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Figure 1d

A student concluded that the original sedimentary environment in which the beds in Figure 1d were deposited was similar to the depositional conditions found at locality A on Figure 1a. Evaluate this statement with reference to the evidence in Figures 1a, 1b and 1d. [3]

hammer forscale – 30 cm

(d) Figure 1d is a photograph of an exposure of sedimentary rock.

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2. Figure 2a illustrates four fossil trilobites (A-D). Figure 2b and Table 2 describe the origin and diversity of the group during Palaeozoic times.

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Figure 2a

700700 600 500 400 300 200

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Figure 2b

Table 2

Trilobites suddenly appear in considerable numbers in the early Cambrian rocks. Their numbers had reached a maximum by the early Ordovician and gradually declined during the Silurian and Devonian. They were uncommon in the Carboniferous and finally became extinct in the Permian.

The genus Olenellus is an early trilobite with two large crescent-shaped eyes that are joined to the glabella. The thorax has many spines and the pygidium is relatively small.

Paradoxides has a large semi-circular cephalon, long genal spines and narrow crescent-shaped eyes. The thorax shows 16-21 segments each ending in a spine.

0

1

A B

C D

cm 0

1cm

0

1cm 0

2cm

Source – www.trilobites.info

Precambrian Cambrian Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian

maximum

Relative

number

of

families

Palaeozoic Mesozoic

(Ma)Ordovician

Turn over.

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(a) With reference to Table 2, draw a graph on Figure 2b to illustrate the diversity (relative numbers) of trilobites during the Palaeozoic. [3]

(b) (i) In the appropriate box below, state which of the trilobites (A-D) in Figure 2a represent the genera Olenellus and Paradoxides, outlined in Table 2. [2]

Olenellus = (A, B, C or D) Paradoxides = (A, B, C or D)

(ii) State two morphological differences between trilobite A and the other trilobites (B, C and D) shown in Figure 2a. [2]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Suggest a possible mode of life for EITHER trilobite A OR trilobite B. Explain two pieces of evidence from the morphology of the fossil. [3]

Chosen trilobite (A or B)

Mode of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(d) “The Ediacaran fauna represent the oldest, most diverse set of multicellular, soft-bodied organisms with a possible link to the early appearance of trilobites as a complex and diversified group.”

(i) Explain why the fossil record does not contain evidence of trilobites before the Cambrian. [2]

(ii) On Figure 2b on page 6, clearly mark with an arrow (labelled E) a geological time when the Ediacaran fauna flourished. [1]

(iii) Suggest a possible reason for the sudden development and diversification of the Ediacaran fauna during this time. [2]

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BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITEON THIS PAGE


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3. Figure 3a shows data obtained at the K-T boundary in New Zealand. Figure 3b and Table 3 show data linking the K-T boundary and Chicxulub impact crater, considered to be the site of an asteroid impact which caused the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary mass extinction.

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

10 102

103

104

105

1 10 102

103

104

(a) Refer to Figure 3a.

(i) Describe the distribution of iridium in Figure 3a. [2]

(ii) Describe the degree of correlation between iridium and soot in Figure 3a. [2]

(iii) Account for the degree of correlation between iridium and soot at the K-T boundary in Figure 3a. [2]

Source: Modified after Wolbach et al., 1990

Figure 3a

Depthrelative to

K-Tboundary

Tertiary

Cretaceous

K-T Boundary Clay K-T Boundary Clay

Tertiary

Cretaceous

Iridium (ppt) Soot (ppm)


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(b) Refer to Figure 3b and Table 3.

(i) Explain why micro-tektites are spherical and glassy. [2]

(ii) Outline two pieces of evidence from Figure 3b that might suggest the iridium layer at the K-T boundary formed much later than the Chicxulub impact event. Explain your answer in each case. [4]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) From your knowledge, explain one alternative theory for the mass extinction at the K-T boundary. [3]

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~8m

Figure 3bNE Mexico (Idealized section)

Tertiary

K-T boundaryiridium anomaly

Cretaceous

sandstone with burrows on some bedding planes

micro-tektites showingevidence of erosion

limestone layer

Chicxulub impact deposits(micro-tektites)

Keller et al., 2002

Stinnesbeck et al., 2001

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Many K-T sites show layers of small, spherical, glassy grains known as micro-tektites, thought to represent droplets of vaporised rock following the impact.

Some researchers suggest that the iridium layer at the K-T boundary was deposited during the rapid deposition of impact debris following an asteroid impact at Chicxulub (Yucatán peninsula).

Others suggest evidence from NE Mexico (Figure 3b) indicates the iridium layer to have been deposited 300,000 years after the Chicxulub event in a separate unrelated impact event.

Table 3

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4. Figure 4a is a partially completed geological map. Figures 4b and 4c show two rock specimens collected from different quarries on Figure 4a.

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Strike and dip direction of cleavage in slate

N

Key

indistinctcleavageplanes

specimen from Quarry C

42

44

41

42

4045

57

55

44

49

59

54

57

5850

0 300

Figure 4a

0 5

Figure 4b Figure 4c

xenoliths ofslate

coarse-grainedgabbro pluton

Quarry C: poorly cleaved, medium-grained, hard, grey, splintery rock that rings when hit with a hammer blow(Figure 4c)

dark, medium-grained, mafic, crystalline rock with horizontal columnar joints

Quarry B: well-cleaved, fine-grained slate(Figure 4b)

Quarry A: exposing a vertical igneous body composed of dolerite, containing small xenoliths of gabbro

m

cleavageplane

originalbedding

specimen from Quarry B

cm 0 10

mm

chiastolite


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(a) Using data from the map, complete the outcrop of the following on Figure 4a:

(i) the gabbro pluton; [1]

(ii) the extent of a dolerite dyke. [2]

(b) (i) State the maximum principal stress directions (σ max) that formed the slate in Quarry B, outlining the evidence for your conclusions from Figure 4a and Figure 4b. [3]

Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Account for the difference in orientation and dip of the cleavage in the slate near to the gabbro pluton compared with the slate in Quarry B. [2]

(c) A student correctly concluded that the cleavage in the specimen from Quarry C (Figure 4c), formed at the same time as that in Figure 4b, from Quarry B.

With reference to Figure 4a, account for the differences in the mineralogy and structures within the specimen from Quarry C (Figure 4c) compared with Quarry B (Figure 4b). Explain the evidence for your conclusions. [3]

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(d) Figure 4d is a thin section through a zoned crystal of plagioclase feldspar from the gabbro pluton with a composition that varies between high temperature,

Calcium (Ca)-rich plagioclase and lower temperature, Sodium (Na)-rich plagioclase.

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(i) Using Figure 4d, draw a line graph to show how the composition of the plagioclase crystal is likely to change across the width of the crystal. [1]

(ii) Explain the reasoning for your answer to (d)(i). [3]

15

1150

1500

0 1

Figure 4d

cm

Core

Ca-rich

Na-rich

Rim Core Rim

Pla

gio

cla

se f

eld

spa

rco

mp

osi

tio

n

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

X Y

Rim

YX


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SECTION B

Questions 5-8 relate to the British Geological Survey 1:25 000 geological mapextract of Usk-Cwmbran

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

This section should take approximately 1 hour to complete.

5. (a) Alluvium is the main type of superficial (drift) deposit on the geological map. Describe the outcrop pattern of this deposit. [2]

(b) Account for the “v shape” in the outcrop pattern of the Upper Bringewood (limestone) beds (b7b ) in grid square 3600. [2]

(c) Figure 5 is a surface profile along the line P-Q in grid square 3300, showing the outcrop of the surface geology. A spring is associated with the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ).

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(i) Complete Figure 5 by sketching in the upper and lower boundaries of the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ). [1]

(ii) Draw in the following on Figure 5:

1. an arrow (labelled S) to mark the most likely location of a spring;

2. the position of a water table associated with the spring. [2] 7

vertical scale =horizontal scale

Figure 5

LowerBringewood

Beds (b7a )

WENLOCK

LIMESTONE (b6c )

Wenlock Shale

(b6b )

P

Q

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6. Figure 6 is a simplified sketch of structural features on the geological map.

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The axial plane traces of two plunging folds, offset by faults, are marked on Figure 6.

(a) (i) Complete Table 6 below by stating the evidence from the geological map alone that the Silurian strata in Box Z show the following fold characteristics:

1. a synform 2. a syncline 3. a plunge to the SSW. [3]

Fold in Box Z Evidence

1. a synform • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. a syncline • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. a plunge to the SSW • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) On Figure 6, draw in the axial plane trace of another major plunging anticline. Use the symbol in the key to indicate the direction of plunge of this fold. [2]

Table 6

Figure 6

0 1

00

98

Key

Axis of

anticline

Axis of

syncline

Fault

Plunge

direction

N

Llandegfedd

Reservoir

Box Z

Pen-y-Parc

Fault

Coed-y-Paen

Fault

Ty’nycaeau

Fault

Usk

km


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(b) The geological map and cross section show that the Ty’nycaeau Fault has been downthrown towards the east. Further research suggests that:

“..the faulting is complicated by reactivation. Initially it was probably a strike-slip fault with a later dip-slip movement ”.

(i) Give two pieces of evidence from the geological map alone to support the statement that the Ty’nycaeau Fault has been downthrown towards the east. [2]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The cross section shows the upper surface of the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ) on the west of the fault is approximately aligned with the base of the Downton Castle Sandstone (c1 ) across the Ty’nycaeau Fault.

Using the generalised geological column only, calculate the throw (vertical displacement) of the Ty’nycaeau Fault. Show your working. [2]

Throw = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .m

(iii) Describe the evidence from Figure 6 that the Ty’nycaeau Fault may have also been affected by strike-slip movement. [1]

(iv) A student suggested that “..slickensides could be used as field evidence to confirm the initial strike-slip direction of movement of the Ty’nycaeau Fault”.

Critically evaluate this statement. [2]

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(c) Stating the evidence from the geological map and cross section, evaluate the following statement taken from a student’s analysis of the map.

Both the Coed-y-paen and Ty’nycaeau faults are:

1. normal faults 2. of similar throws 3. the result of the same principal stresses that formed the major folds. [4]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

16

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19

Examineronly

7. Figure 7a is a photograph of a true dip section of a typical exposure of Wenlock

Limestone (b6c ) in the quarry at locality 24 (grid square 3498).

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Figure 7a

(a) With reference to the geological map and Figure 7a, complete the table below. [2]

estimation of the exposed height of the section • m

direction in which the camera was pointing •

(b) Annotate Figure 7a to show two geological features. [2]

(c) With reference to Figure 7a, the geological map and cross section, assess the suitability of the Wenlock Limestone (b6c ) as an aquifer for the accumulation and storage of groundwater. In your assessment you should consider:

• rockcharacteristics(textureandstructures) • thicknessandsurfaceoutcropexposure • foldstructures [3]

7

Turn over.

hammer forscale – 30 cm

20

(1214-01)

Examineronly

8. (a) The Darran Plantation (grid reference 325980) is situated on an ancient landslip which moved downhill to the north and west. With reference to the evidence from the geological map, evaluate the likelihood that the following factors were responsible for the landslip.

• Dip(angleanddirection)ofbeds • Fluvialprocesses • Faulting [5]

(b) (i) Suggest a probable geological explanation for the choice of location of the Llandegfedd Reservoir (GR 330995). [2]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

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(ii) Explain three geological factors that may have limited the final size of the Llandegfedd Reservoir during its design stage. [3]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

END OF PAPER

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

10

Question

number

Additional page, if required.Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

Examineronly

(1214-01)

22

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

WJ

EC

1214/0

1-A

A

DV

AN

CE

D G

EO

LO

GY

GL

4 J

UN

E 2

013

Ex

tract

fro

m U

sk-C

wm

bra

n (

Soli

d &

Dri

ft)

1:2

5 0

00 (

1 c

m t

o 2

50 m

)

Rep

rod

uce

d b

y p

erm

issi

on

of

the

Dir

ecto

r B

riti

sh G

eolo

gic

al S

urv

ey

N

ER

C A

ll r

igh

ts r

eser

ved

CROSS SECTION SHOWING THE GENERAL RELATIONS OF ROCKS ALONG THE LINE X-Y

363432 37 38

38

353331

363432 3735333197

98

99

00

01

97

98

99

00

01

YX

Y

X

Inclined strata, dip in degrees

Geological boundary, Solid

Fault at surface, crossmark indicates downthrow side

Landslip

Quarry Location

Key to symbols

DO

WN

TO

N S

ER

IES

Alluvium

River Terrace Deposit

Siltstones with

some sandstones

Sandstone

Siltstones

Siltstones

Limestones

Siltstones

and

mudstones

Limestone

Siltstones

and

mudstones

Downton Castle

Sandstone

LE

INT

WA

R -

DIN

E B

ED

SU

PP

ER

BR

ING

EW

OO

D

BE

DS

LO

WE

R B

RIN

GE

WO

OD

BE

DS

WE

NL

OC

K

LIM

ES

TO

NE

WE

NL

OC

K S

HA

LE

WH

ITC

LIF

FE

BE

DS

RA

GLA

N M

AR

L G

RO

UP

LU

DL

OW

SE

RIE

SW

EN

LO

CK

SE

RIE

S

SIL

UR

IAN

LO

WE

R O

LD

RE

D S

AN

DS

TO

NE

Superficial (drift) Deposits

GENERALISED

GEOLOGICAL COLUMN

Scale 1:4200 (1 cm to 42 m)

Solid Geology

C1

b6C

Box Z

PQ

24

GEOLOGY – GL4 and A Level/Geology...Precambrian Cambrian Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian...

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Transcript of GEOLOGY – GL4 and A Level/Geology...Precambrian Cambrian Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian...