Genetics Terms to Learn• Genetics• Trait• Heredity• Dominant trait• Recessive Trait• Genes• Alleles• Phenotype• Genotype

• Homozygous• Heterozygous• DNA• Punnett Squares• Meiosis• Sexual reproduction• Asexual reproduction• Sex chromosomes• X chromosome• Y chromosome

Genetics Terms to Learn• Asexual reproduction

– Budding– Binary Fission– Cloning

Genetics Terms to Learn• Trait- a characteristic that can be inherited

• Heredity—passing of traits from parents to offspring

• Dominant trait—the trait that is observed when one allele (the strong form) is inherited; ex: dimples, DD or Dd

• Recessive trait—trait that is observed only when two recessive (weak form) alleles are inherited; ex: no dimples, dd

• Genes—sections of DNA that carry the hereditary instructions; located on chromosomes

• Alleles—different forms of a gene• Phenotype—organism’s inherited

appearance; ex: blue eyes• Genotype—the inherited combination of

alleles (genes); ex: bb• Homozygous – having the same genes for a

specific trait (gg, GG)• Heterozygous – having different genes for a

specific trait (Gg, Bb, Cc)

• DNA – hereditary information in the nucleus and mitochondria’s (maternal DNA) of our cells. Controls our cells

• Punnett Squares – a way that geneticists can determine what genes offsprings of two parents will have.

Inherited or not????

• Inherited Traits• Eye color• Hair color• Skin color• Blood type• Color blindness• Handedness• Height• Freckles• Musical talent• Artistic talent

• Learned Traits are not inherited:

• Examples:• Speak a language• Read music• Painting technique• Good manners• Reading ability• Food preference• Play an instrument• Hairstyle

Sexual reproduction

•Meiosis—nuclear division that makes sex cells with one of each pair (half) of the chromosomes of the parent

•Sex chromosomes—the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism

•X chromosome—female sex chromosome

•Y chromosome—male sex chromosome

Genetics Terms Quiz1. a characteristic that can be inherited

(gene, chromosome, trait)

2. passing of traits from parents to offspring

(meiosis, fertilization, heredity)

3. trait that is observed when one allele (the strong form) is inherited; ex: dimples, DD or Dd

(recessive, dominant, inherited)

4. trait that is observed only when two recessive (weak form) alleles are inherited; ex: no dimples, dd

(Recessive, dominant, clone)

5. sections of DNA that carry the hereditary instructions; located on chromosomes

(codes, genes, alleles)

6. different forms of a gene

(traits, chromosomes, alleles)

7. organism’s inherited appearance; ex: blue eyes

(heredity, alleles, genotype, phenotype)

8. the inherited combination of alleles (genes); ex: bb

(genotype, phenotype, chromosomes)