Reproduction and Genetics Vocabulary. organism living thing (plant, animal, people, bacteria)
Genetics Vocabulary
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Transcript of Genetics Vocabulary
HeredityHeredity
The passing of The passing of traits from traits from parents to parents to offspring.offspring.
TraitTrait The specific forms The specific forms
of a characteristic of a characteristic that are passed on that are passed on to offspring to offspring through genes.through genes.
GeneGene A set of instructions A set of instructions
for an inherited for an inherited trait.trait.
ChromosomeChromosome
Carries genetic Carries genetic information that information that controls inherited controls inherited characteristics characteristics such as eye color.such as eye color.
AlleleAllele
The different forms of a gene, such The different forms of a gene, such as dominant or recessive, as dominant or recessive, represented by a letter.represented by a letter.
Dominant is uppercase letter …….TDominant is uppercase letter …….T Recessive is lower case letter…….tRecessive is lower case letter…….t
Dominant alleleDominant allele An allele whose An allele whose
trait is always trait is always visible when the visible when the allele is present.allele is present.
Recessive alleleRecessive allele An allele whose An allele whose
trait is only visible trait is only visible when the dominant when the dominant allele is not allele is not present.present.
RR
rr
Heterozygous Heterozygous (Hybrid)(Hybrid) Two different Two different
allelesalleles (one dominant, one (one dominant, one
recessive)recessive) Example:Example:
RrRr
Homozygous Homozygous (purebred)(purebred)
Two of the same Two of the same allelesalleles
(both dominant or (both dominant or both recessive)both recessive)
Example:Example:
RR RR oror rr rr
PhPhenotypeenotype The The phphysical ysical
characteristic of a characteristic of a person (visible person (visible trait)trait)
GenGenotypeotype The The gengenetic etic
makeup or allele makeup or allele combinationscombinations
RR
rr
ProbabilityProbability The chance that The chance that
something will something will happen.happen.
Punnett squarePunnett square A chart that shows A chart that shows
all possible all possible combinations of combinations of alleles that can alleles that can result from a result from a genetic cross. genetic cross.
PedigreePedigree
A tool for tracing traits through A tool for tracing traits through generations of a family.generations of a family.
1/2 colored-carrier1/2 colored-carrier boy-boy-squaresquare
colored-has traitcolored-has trait girl-circlegirl-circle empty-does not have traitempty-does not have trait
Incomplete Incomplete dominancedominance When one trait When one trait
doesn’t dominate doesn’t dominate over the other but over the other but both alleles have an both alleles have an influence on the influence on the trait.trait.
Blends traitsBlends traits
Co-dominanceCo-dominance A condition where A condition where
neither allele is neither allele is dominant and both dominant and both alleles are alleles are expressed in the expressed in the offspring. offspring.
Both traits appearBoth traits appear
Selective breedingSelective breeding Process for Process for
selecting certain selecting certain organisms to obtain organisms to obtain a specific trait.a specific trait.
EX:EX: Small dogSmall dog Fast dogsFast dogs Short hair catsShort hair cats Fast horsesFast horses
Genetic Genetic EngineeringEngineering Genes from one Genes from one
organism are organism are transferred into the transferred into the DNA of another DNA of another organism.organism.
EX:EX: Insulin-human DNA Insulin-human DNA
into bacteriainto bacteria medsmeds