General Chemistry

• Mrs Rose

• Chemical Engineer • Master in Education

• http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/pre/chemsci.html

Icebreaker

• Introduce yourself:

• Say your name.

• How long have you been at EARJ

• If new, where are you coming from!

What is Chemistry ?

• Chemistry is the study of matter ; their properties, structure, and the changes they undergo.

Caffeine is matter, a substance

"Caffeine exhibits a number of biological effects resulting from its diuretic and stimulant properties. Research has shown that some sensitive individuals experience side effects such as insomnia, headaches,

irritability and nervousness.

C8H10N4O2

http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/caffeine.html

• Fools Gold:• Pyrite• Chemical Formula: FeS2

• Aspirin

Paracetamol(Tylenol)or acetaminophen

What is matter ?

• Anything that has mass and occupies space.

• What are the three main physical states of matter?

• States of Matter- animation

DEMONSTRATION- Making Real Life Connections

• All these stations are related to chemical reactions that show real life connections.

• STATION I - HYDROGEN AND THE HINDENBURG

• On landing at Lakehurst on May 6, 1937, the airship burst into flames and was destroyed in about 34 seconds. 13 passengers, 22 crew and one ground crew died. 61 passengers and crew members survived.

• Hindenburg disaster full: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llK1YlnzFsU&feature=related

• STATION II - Elements and Fireworks

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llK1YlnzFsU&feature=related

• `Magnesium is one of the most important component of fireworks.

• http://www.gwinnett.k12.ga.us/LilburnES/PromoteGA/entertainment/fireworks_elements.html

Matter

Definitions:Elements: substances that cannot be reduced to any simpler forms by ordinary chemical or physical means:The elements H and O form H2 O

Atoms: The atom is the smallest particle of matter that retains its identity.

Compounds: a substance containing more than one element.

Ethanol: C2 H5 OH has the elements C,H,O

• http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson14.htm

http://www.learnthermo.com/T1-tutorial/ch02/lesson-A/pg01.php

Homogeneous Mixtures : are uniformly mixed .These types of mixtures are also called solutions.

Air is a homogeneous mixture (gaseous solution) of N2, O2, H2O, and CO2 gases.

Brass is a homogeneous mixture (solid solution) of copper and zinc.

Beer is a homogeneous mixture (liquid solution) of H2O, C2H5OH, and a few other substances. (Sorry, there is no beer molecule!)

Heterogeneous mixtures: are not uniformly mixed .

Salt and pepper, chocolate chip cookies, or a Twix™ candy bar,

ChangesPhysical: Changes in which the identity of the substance does not

change.(conductivity, color) => physical property

Example: H2 O (s) => H2 O (l) melting of ice

The appearance of the substance changed, not the identity.

Chemical: One or more new substances are formed.(flammability, toxicity) => chemical property

Example: H2 O (l) => H2 + O2

The identity of the substance changed! You no longer have water.

http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson15.htm

Physical properties of matter are categorized as either Intensive or Extensivehttp://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/104Aphysprop.html

Intensive - Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present.

Color Odor Luster Conductivity Hardness Melting Point Boiling PointDensity

Extensive - Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present.

Mass

Volume

Length

Alchemy• An alchemist was a combination of magician and

metallurgist who tried unsuccessfully to convert common metals into gold. Alchemists were not early chemists, as some people believed, but their practical knowledge about elements and compounds contributed to the work of the earliest true chemists.

• Is it possible to change copper into silver and then into gold?Is this a physical,chemical or a nuclear change?

• Karat is the term used for showing the purity of gold. Gold is available in different types of karat like 10k, 14k, 24k, 18k etc. amongst all 24k is the purest form of gold. it is very soft and might get damaged if used for jewelry. After 24k, comes the 18k gold and has around 25% impurities which includes copper, aluminum, nickel, iron and many more.

• Like the alchemists, you will not turn copper into gold, but by allowing the copper in a penny to mix with zinc under certain conditions, you may create an interesting ALLOY, or homogeneous physical mixture of two or more metals, of these two metals.

• The 2000 Sacagawea dollar coin is an ALLOY of five different metals - copper, zinc, tin, manganese, and nickel. Although it looks as if it were comprised of one metal, it is simply a physical mixture of these metals.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar

• Mixtures in which the various parts are indistinguishable from one another are called HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES, OR SOLUTIONS. Some commonly used alloys are bronze, which is a mixture of copper and tin, and brass, which is a mixture of copper and zinc.

The copper face shows how the statue would look like if the

copper was not oxidized.